Ref And Mod Midterm 1-7

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95 Theses Date

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Oct 31, 1517

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Important players in the geopolitical scene at time of reformation

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Saxony, Spain, France, England, Italy

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Saxony ruled by at time of Ref

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Frederick the Wise as Elector

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Luther taught at

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Univ of Wittenberg

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Ruler of Holy Rom Empire at Ref.

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Charles V

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Charles V controlled

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HRE and Spain, parts of Austris, the Netherlands, and southern Italy

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Charles V was great grandson of

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Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

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Saxony was part of at time of Reformation

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HRE

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Spain at time of Reformation

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Ferdinand and Isabella had driven Muslims and Jews out and introduced Inquisition to keep Spain pure and strongly Catholic.

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France at time of Reformation

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ruled from 1515 by Francis I, frequent thorn in side of emporer and Pope

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England at time of Ref

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recovering from 100 yrs war with France and 30 more years of civil war (War of Roses)

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Ruled England at time of Reformation

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House of Tudor – Henry VIII had come to power in 1509

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Italy at time of Ref

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Five major regions in unending conflict amongst selves and HRE – Venice, Milan, Florence, Papal States, Naples

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Pope at time Luther nailed 95 theses

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Leo X

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Five Solas

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scriptura, christus, gratia, fide, deo gloria

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16th cent understanding of Humanist

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someone committed to study of humanities

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Humanist movement in 16th century focused on

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the reform of the church and the recovery of the bible

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Erasmus nationality

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Dutch

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Erasmus inspired to study Greek by

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John Colet, earlier humanist

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Erasmus began to study Greek at age

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33

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Became the most important Greek scholar of his time

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Erasmus

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Erasmus greatest work

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critical edition of the Greek NT

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Erasmus published Greek NT in

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1516

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His new test gave scholars a more authentic version of the Greek scripture for study and translation

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Erasmus

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Writings of Erasmus both

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satirical and polemical

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Famous works of Erasmus

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The Praise of folly, Familiar Colloquies, Julius Exclusus, The Enchiridion of the Christian Soldier, On Free Will

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His writings were widely read and brought much attention to the deplorable condition of the Catholic Church

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Erasmus

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In these two works Erasmus attempts to set forth the Gospel and the place of the will in salvation

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The Enchiridion of the Christian Soldier and On Free Will

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His poor theology proved to be the perfect opportunity for Martin Luther to respond with The Bondage of the Will

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Erasmus

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These two books illustrate a parting of the ways between the humanists and Luther

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On Free Will by Erasmus and The Bondage of the Will by Luther

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In On Free Will, Erasmus brought forth this central question

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What must I do to be saved?

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Martin Luther born

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November 10, 1483

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ML baptized

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day after birth

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Parents of ML

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strict disciplinarians

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Year ML became a monk

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1505

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ML became a monk in this type of monastery

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Augustinian

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ML became monk after promising this saint he would during thunderstorm

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St. Anne

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ML was given position teaching scripture at the new University in

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Wittenburg

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ML began lecturing on Romans in

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1515

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Passage that struck ML when he was lecturing in Romans

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Romans 1:17

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Romans 1:17

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For in the gospel a righteousness from God is revealed, a righteousness that is by faith from first to last, just as it is written “The righteous will live by faith.”

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Oct 31, 1517

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ML nailed 95 Theses on door of castle church in Wittenburg

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Diet of Worms and exile to Wartburg date for ML

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1521

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Martin Luther exiled to

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Wartburg

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While in Wartburg, ML did this

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translated the New Testament from its original Greek into German

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ML returned to Wittenburg from Wartburg in

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1522

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ML married Katharina von Bora in

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1525

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ML married to

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Katharina von Bora

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ML published complete bible in German in

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1534

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ML died in

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1546

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1483

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ML born

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1505

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ML became monk

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1515

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ML began lecturing in Romans

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1517

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95 theses nailed

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1521

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ML at diet of Worms, exile to Wartburg

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1522

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ML returned to Wittenburg from Wartburg

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1525

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ML married to Katharina

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1534

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ML publishes complete bible in German

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1546

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ML died

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The princes who supported Luther hoped that through the events at the Diet of Worms

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the political power of Rome over Germany would be weakend.

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ML invited to Diet of Worms by

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HR emporer Charles V

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June 15, 1520

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Papal Bull of excommunication in which Luther was ordered to recant his teachings.

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Papal bull ordering recantation of ML’s teachings issued

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June 15, 1520

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January 3, 1521

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Pope excommunicated Luther

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Outline ML’s theological development from monastery to Worms

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monastery- concern for salvation, determined to make use of church’s means, peace at first priest – began to feel unworthy of God’s love, severe judge mysticism – on advice of confessor, love god, but I hate him! Teacher – sees new meanings Romans 1:17, justification by faith, free gift didn’t originally see contradiction between his discoveries and penitential system of RC church Reformer – 97 theses attacking scholastic theology, then 95 against indulgences

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Luther’s stand at Worms

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Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason - I do not accept the authority of the popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other - my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen

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ML reacted against his sale of indulgences

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Johann Tetzel

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Purpose of ML’s bondage of the will

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answer Erasmus’s 1524 book On Free Will about justification – refute Catholic semi-Pelagian position

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Theme of Bondage of The Will

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whether or not the will does anything in those things that pertain unto salvation. Man has free will in regards to what is below him but in all things pertaining to salvation is a captive to do either the will of God or the will of the devil. Total Depravity of unregenerate man and powerlessness of his will.

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History and content of Augsburg confession

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1530 Charles called diet at Augsburg of princes and cities of German territories, seeking unity to fend off attacks of Turkish armies in Eastern Austria. Hoped to solve controversies of reformation for unity. Melanchthon, friend of ML and Prof of NT at Wittenberg called to draft common confession for the Lutheran Lords. 1530 Augsburg Confession resulted. Statements on God, justification, baptism, Lord’s supper.

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Phillip Melanchthon

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friend of ML and prof. Of NT at Wittenburg

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Augsburg confession presented to Charles

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1530