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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Date Luther poses the 95 theses
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1517
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Beliefs and Aims of the Protestant Reformation
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Sola Gratia et Fides (salvation by grace through faith)
Sola Scriptura (Scripture is supreme authority) Priesthood of all believers |
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Purpose of the Council of Trent
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Clean up abuses in the Church
Made Dogma of certain items official (which further divided the Reformers/Roman Catholic church) |
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Four Branches of the Reformation
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Lutheran (Germany)
Reformed (Swiss) Anabaptist (major part of the Radical Reformation) Anglican (England) |
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Signs of health in the Church at the time of the Reformation
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Growth of lay piety
Popularity of brotherhoods Mass endowments New devotional literature |
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The Nonevangelical Synergism view of faith
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faithfulness to the teachings and practices of the church
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The Nonevangelical Synergism view of works of love
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purchasing indulgences,
paying for masses for souls in purgatory, expensive pilgrimages penance |
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The Nonevangelical Synergism view of righteousness of God
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The demand for God's justice
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List of Important Humanists
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Johannes Reuchlin - preserver of the Old Testament Hebrew
Jacques Lefevre - encourages the translation of Bible into local languages John Colet - encourages people to learn Greek Erasmus - compiler of Greek NT |
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Books written by Erasmus
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The Praise of Folly
Julius Exclusus Familiar Colloquies The Enchiridion of the Christian Soldier On Free Will |
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Suggestions/Reasons that the Roman Catholic Church may have been healthy at the time of the Reformation
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growing movements of piety
popularity of brotherhoods devotional literature growing mass endowments laity's spending/contributing/participating |
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Goals/concerns of the Humanists
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Reform Church
Recover Bible |
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How was God Luther's Refuge?
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Kidnapped and protected by Frederick the Wise - taken to Wortburg Castle
Translated Greek NT into German Decided to appear at the Diet of Worms |
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How was the Word of God Luther's Foundation?
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High view of Scripture - despite issues with the canon
1521 - excommunicated because of his defense of Sola Scriptura |
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What were some experiences of sacrifice Luther went through?
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Life was threatened - miracle he wasn't killed
Strong willed wife Loss of Magdalena (daughter at age 13) Loss of Margarethe |
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How was Luther's hope in Christ? (His mistakes)
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simil justus et peccator (we are at the same time sinners and righteous)
1. Role in the Peasant War 2. Anti-semitism/racism against the Jews 3. Language and conduct were often over the top and obscene |
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T or F - Luther had a systematic theology.
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False, he wrote commentaries, letters and sermons but never systematized it like Luther, Melanchthon or Zwingli did.
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Luther's great Soteriological contribution:
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We earn nothing before God
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Luther approached Scripture as a...
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Lawyer, much of his approach was concerning God's law and the inability of human action to generate merit which would appease the law.
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Three Crises that occur in Luther's life
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1. Thunderstorm - cry to St. Anne, commitment to monastic life.
2. First Mass - in the presence of his father he breaks down during communion. 3. Tower Experience- His great discovery that it is not the righteousness of God that He requires but the righteousness of God that He gives. |
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Luther's 3 uses of the law
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1. law is a guardian pointing us to sin
2. law in broader society to restrain sin/punish sin. 3. law of God as a guide once we are believers (Luther wrestled with this - he loved the 10 commandments but feared that merit would seep in if the law was praised) |
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Luther's Theological Method (3-fold)
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Prayer
Study & Meditation Testing |
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Book of Melanchthon
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Augsburg Confession (systematized Luther's theology)
Loci Communes (Basic Themes of The Common Place) |
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Melanchthon's personality
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Irenic
Timid/Fearful |
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Melanchthon strays from Luther in what ways?
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Moves away from strict monergism
Moves away from doctrine of predestination Moves away from Luther's doctrine of the Lord's Supper Strives to reunite with Rome |
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Major distinctions between the Lutheran Reformation and Reformed (Swiss) Reformation
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Sacraments
Ecclesiology Use of law Double Predestination (Reformed emphasized sovereignty of God) |
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Four background characteristics of Zwingli
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Humanist Education
Parish Priest - served his home town for 10 years Chaplain - served as chaplain for mercenaries, was a strong nationalist "The People's Priest" - led Zurich's Great Cathedral |
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Zwingli's view on the Bible
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Highest authority, used "test of Scripture" to apply every doctrine
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Zwingli's view of worship
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If not commanded in Scripture, don't do it. Precursor to the Regulative Principle
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Zwingli on Law and Gospel
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Two went together and propagated the 3rd use
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Zwingli on Lord's Supper and Baptism
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Pushed back against superstition - merely symbols of God's promises
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Location where Luther and Zwingli met to discuss joining
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Marburg
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How Zwingli died...
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killed in battle against the Roman Catholics
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John Calvin was born in
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Noyon, northern France (2nd generation Reformer)
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Calvin's view of Lord's Supper
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we are somehow lifted up to heaven to be with the physical body of Christ.
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Calvin originally studied what and where...
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to be a lawyer (from his father's desire)
University of Paris |
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How did Calvin convert?
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Not much is known - happened in his early 20's. He said that the Lord changed courses with him. Chose to reject the income he was receiving from Catholic churches
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Reason why Calvin was rejected by Rome
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Wrote the Institutes in 1536 in Basil, had to leave France. He was forced to make a detour to Geneva because of a war between the Roman Emperor and the King of France.
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Who forced Calvin into pastoring at Geneva?
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William Farel
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Who forced Calvin to stay in Strasbourg?
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Martin Bucer
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John Calvin's wife
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Idelette de Bure
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The Geneva Consistory was...
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preachers who gathered together to read/debate/discipline
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In Geneva, church discipline was the responsibility of...
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Geneva Council, consisting of local magistrates and government
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John Calvin's church polity
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Presbyterian
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John Calvin's Liturgy changes:
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Brought songs to service, got rid of Mass elements.
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Calvin's view of church/state relations
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didn't believe in a separation between church and state but felt church should have some independence, like in discipline
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Michael Servetus was executed because of his view on the...
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Trinity
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How many chapters are in Calvin's Institutes?
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Originally 6
Finally 89 They are divided among 3 books |
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What are the three book of the Institutes
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God the Creator
God the Redeemer Grace of Christ - this book holds the doctrine of predesintation |
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Four words to describe the Institutes and why?
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Biblical - 7000 references/citations
Systematic - didn't force doctrines, but collected series of thoughts together. Devotional - not much distinction between piety and theology Practical - down to earth, has practical suggestions. |
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Question concerning the Institutes: Why put sanctification before justification?
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Polemic of cultural sensitivity
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Question concerning the Institutes: Did Calvin originate election?
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No Luther and Augustine presented it
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What does the word 'radical' refer to in Radical Reformation?
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refers to going back to the roots
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Who were the various groups in the Radical Reformation
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Anabaptists
Spiritualists Anti-Trinitarian Rationalists |
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What happened at the Black Bear Inn in 1524?
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Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt confronted Luther about how he was associated with Thomas Muntzer.
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The Anabaptist movement began with this key event.
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Conrad Grebel re-baptized George Blaurock - which really was against the Roman Catholic Church
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Where did the Anabaptists want to return their church to?
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Pre-constantine, they felt that Constantine brought nominalism into the church.
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What is the name of the Anabaptism Confession?
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Scleitheim Confession
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Which city did the Anabaptists take over?
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Munster, Germany
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Who took over leading the Anabaptists?
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Menno Simons - became eventually the Mennonites
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Assessment of the Radical Reformation
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Priesthood of all believers
Sola Scriptura Direct Inspiration of the Holy Spirit Sincere and Courageous men and women willing to suffer for Christ |
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Themes of the Radical Reformation
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Separation of Church and State
Separation from the World |
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The outcome of Henry VIII's wives
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divorced, beheaded, died, annulled, beheaded, survived
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Did Edward VI support Protestants or Catholics?
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Protestant sympathizer, but died at the age of 16.
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Which side did Mary take?
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Roman Catholic
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What popular English book came about because of Queen Mary?
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Foxe's Book of Martyrs
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Thomas Cranmer was known for writing what famous book?
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Book of Common Prayer
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What office did Thomas Cranmer hold?
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First archbishop of Canterbury
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First person to translate the Bible into English and the group that followed him?
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William Tyndale and the Lollards
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Assessment of the Radical Reformation
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Priesthood of all believers
Sola Scriptura Direct Inspiration of the Holy Spirit Sincere and Courageous men and women willing to suffer for Christ |
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Themes of the Radical Reformation
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Separation of Church and State
Separation from the World |
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The outcome of Henry VIII's wives
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divorced, beheaded, died, annulled, beheaded, survived
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Did Edward VI support Protestants or Catholics?
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Protestant sympathizer, but died at the age of 16.
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Which side did Mary take?
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Roman Catholic
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What popular English book came about because of Queen Mary?
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Foxe's Book of Martyrs
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Thomas Cranmer was known for writing what famous book?
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Book of Common Prayer
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What office did Thomas Cranmer hold?
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First archbishop of Canterbury
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First person to translate the Bible into English and the group that followed him?
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John Wycliffe and the Lollards
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Hugh Latimer was known for what?
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Famous Protestant preacher in England who was burned at the stake.
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Who were three Roman Catholics who called for reform
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Erasmus of Rotterdam
Gasparo Contarini Jacopo Sadoleto |
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Three conclusions of the Council of Trent
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Centered authority in the papacy
Corrected abuses of the Church Clarified Catholic doctrine Scripture and Tradition equal Doctrine of justification |
