Reduction Of Risk Potential

Front 1

Nursing Interventions for use of Barium Contrast

Back 1

low residue diet or clear liquid diet for two days
client NPO after midnight; clear liquids allowed
use cathartic: magnesium citrate, GoLYTELY
before test, give suppository or enema
retained barium may harden and cause an obstruction - a mild laxative or cleansing enema may be ordered to help client expel barium
examine client's stools - white stools for 24 to 72 hours are common
force fluids after a barium procedure to aid in elimination of barium

Front 2

Nursing Interventions for use of Air Contrast in Radiography

Back 2

low residue diet for one day prior to test
NPO after midnight
ask client if allergic to seafood

Front 3

Nursing Interventions for Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Back 3

clear liquid breakfast then NPO
client must lie flat for eight to 12 hours after test if oily contrast medium is used
force fluids post-test to replace cerebrospinal fluid
mild analgesics may be ordered post-test for headache

Front 4

P-Wave

Back 4

sinus node generates impulse; atria depolarize

Front 5

PR Interval

Back 5

time for impulse to travel from sinus node through atria to atrioventricular node, the Bundle of His, the bundle branches and the ventricles; range: 0.12-0.20 seconds

Front 6

QRS complex

Back 6

ventricle depolarizes and contracts (systole

Front 7

T Wave

Back 7

ventricle repolarizes, ready for next systole

Front 8

ST segement

Back 8

time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization

Front 9

3 lead EKG placement

Back 9

(White) on the right, smoke (Black) over fire (Red).

Front 10

Ambulatory ECG (Holter Monitor)

Back 10

records myocardial activity continuously for 24 or 48 hours
portable device
used to detect cardiac rhythm disturbances over time
correlated with client's activity
specific nursing intervention - client must keep a diary that records both activity and any symptoms during test

Front 11

Event Monitor

Back 11

Similar to Holter
symptoms of abnormal heart rhythms are recorded when they occur - client either starts monitoring or it starts automatically
simultaneous interpretation and instruction

Front 12

Electrophysiology Study

Back 12

an invasive measure of cardiac electrical activity
electrical catheter is inserted into right atrium via a peripheral vein
an EKG records each electrical stimulation of heart and how the heart responds
used to determine cardiac dysrhythmias

Front 13

EEG

Back 13

records electrical activity at various brain sites
specific nursing interventions
do not stop anticonvulsant medications
the night before test, adult clients should have minimal sleep
hair should be washed prior to test
avoid alcohol, coffee, tea and colas with caffeine prior to the test
help client remove paste after test

Front 14

Electromyogram

Back 14

records electrical activity in muscle sites

test is painful
nursing: explain to client that a small needle will be inserted into one or more muscles and electrodes are placed on the skin overlying the muscle

Front 15

Electrocochleogram

Back 15

measures auditory function
nursing intervention: be aware that client may experience vertigo
assure client safety

Front 16

Schick Test

Back 16

intradermal injection of dilute diphtheria toxin into the arm
area examined at 24 and 36 hours after administration
determines presence of diphtheria antitoxins in the blood
positive reaction (indicating no antibodies) = redness, swelling and tenderness at site of toxin injection
negative reaction: no reaction

Front 17

Romberg Test

Back 17

for balance
assess vestibular function
client stands with feet together and eyes closed
minimal swaying expected

Front 18

Tidal Volume

Back 18

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled during one respiratory cycle
5-10 mL/kg

Front 19

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Back 19

Maximum air client can inhale after a normal inspiration
3000 mL

Front 20

Vital Capacity

Back 20

Volume of air exhaled after a maximal inhalation
4800 mL

Front 21

Levin (single lumen)

Back 21

stomach tube used to remove stomach contents or provide feeding tube

Front 22

Salem sump (double lumen)

Back 22

stomach tube; mostly used to decompress with suction

Front 23

Sengstaken-Blakemore (triple lumen)

Back 23

gastric tue with inflatable esophagus balloon, stomach ballon, gastric suction lumen used for treatment of bleeding esophageal varices

Front 24

Keofeed/Dobhoff Tube

Back 24

long term feedings, take 24 hrs to pass from stomach into intestines; lay on right side to facilitate passage

Front 25

Cantor (single lumen)

Back 25

has mercury filled balloon and suction port

Front 26

Miller-Abbott (double lumen)

Back 26

has mercury filled balloon and suction port

Front 27

pH aspirate

Back 27

gastric: less than or equal to 4

Intestinal: >4

Respiratory: >5.5

Front 28

What is the normal CVP pressure

Back 28

3-12 cm water; 2-6 mmHg

Front 29

Bilirubin

Back 29

.3-1.0 mg/dL

Front 30

Ammonia

Back 30

15-45 mcg/dL

detect liver disorders

Front 31

Lipase

Back 31

<200

diagnose acute and chronic pancreatitis, biliary obstruction, hepatitis, cirrhosis

Front 32

Serum albumin (protein studies)

Back 32

proteins produced by the liver
levels may diminsh in hepatic disease
severely decrease levels result in generalized edema

normal: 3.5-5.5 g/dL

Front 33

Coagulation studies

Back 33

may be prolonged in hepatic disease; PTT due to lack of vitamin K

PT: 9.5-12 seconds

PTT: (20-25)- (32-39)

Front 34

Liver enzymes

Back 34

Liver cells damaged so enzymes are released into bloodstream

AST: 8-40 units
ALT:8-40 units
LDH: 100-225 units/L

Front 35

Creatine Kinase (CK)

Back 35

Used to diagnose acute MI; 3-5 hours to detect

Man: 50 to 235
Woman: 50-250
Child: 0-70

Front 36

Creatinine (CR)

Back 36

test of renal function
NPO 8 hours

adult: .7-1.4
child: .4-1.2
infant: .3-.6

Front 37

HDLs

Back 37

men: 35-70
women: 35-85

Front 38

LDLs

Back 38

optimal: <139
Borderline : 140-160
High: >160

Front 39

RBCs

Back 39

man: 4.6-6.2
woman: 4.2-5.4
child: 3.2-5.2

Front 40

WBCs

Back 40

adult: 5,000-10,000
child: 5,000-13,000

Front 41

Huntington's Disease Findings

Back 41

Depression and tremor outbursts
Slight to severe resltessness
Facial grimacing
Arm movements
Irregular leg movements
Twisting, turning, struggling
tongue movements
Person in constant motion bye end of disease progression

Irritability, demanding, paranoia, memory loss, decreased intellectual function, dementia, psychosis in end

Front 42

Huntington's Disease Intervention

Back 42

Librium, Haldol, Thorazine