Redo Another

Front 1

the inside of the nuclear envelope is lined by

Back 1

nuclear lamina

Front 2

a network of intermediate filaments that maintin the shape of the nuleus

Back 2

nuclear lamina

Front 3

a framework of fibers extending throughout the nuclear interior

Back 3

nuclear matrix

Front 4

what are the main energy transformers inside a cell?

Back 4

mitochondria and cholorplasts

Front 5

what does cellular respirtaion, genrates ATP from catbolism of sugars, fats, etc in presence of Oxygen?

Back 5

Mitochondira

Front 6

what is found in plants and Eukaryotic algae that have sites of photosynthesis?

Back 6

Chloroplasts

Front 7

What is the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy and synthesizes new organic compounds?

Back 7

photosynthesis

Front 8

T/F chloroplasts generate ATP?

Back 8

true

Front 9

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts are both not considered part of _______.

Back 9

endomembrane system

Front 10

Almost all Eukaryotic cells have what?

Back 10

mitochondria

Front 11

Describe the structure of a mitochondria and a cholorplast

Back 11

double membrane bound structure like the nucleus

Front 12

the number of mitochondria is correlated with what

Back 12

aerobic metabolic activity

Front 13

smooth outer membrane is permeable by small solutes but blocks large proteins and other macormolecules is what?

Back 13

mitochondria

Front 14

the cirstae do what in a mitochondria

Back 14

create surface area for the enxymes that synthesize ATP

Front 15

what is the fluid filled space containing DNA ribosomes and ezymes in a Mitochondria

Back 15

Mitochondrial matrix

Front 16

chromoplasts, chloroplasts and amyloplasts are all members of a plant structure called. . .

Back 16

plastids

Front 17

what type of plant structure stores starch in roots and tubes?

Back 17

amyloplasts

Front 18

what type of plant structure stores pigments for fruits and flowers?

Back 18

chromoplasts

Front 19

what type of plant structure produces sugar via photosynthesis

Back 19

chloroplasts

Front 20

how does a chloroplast get it's color?

Back 20

high levels of green pigment chlorophyll

Front 21

chloroplasts are found where?

Back 21

leaves and green strucutres

Front 22

between the double membrane bound strcutre of a chloroplast is the

Back 22

intermembrane space

Front 23

inside the innermost membrane is the

Back 23

stroma

Front 24

whats in the stroma?

Back 24

floating thylakoids

Front 25

inside the thylakoids is what?

Back 25

a fluid filled space called thykaoid psace

Front 26

Stacked thylakoids are called

Back 26

grana

Front 27

Where is the first step of photosynthesis occur in a chloroplast?

Back 27

grana

Front 28

what generates and degrades hydrogen peroxide from various substrates to oxygen?

Back 28

peroxisomes

Front 29

how do peroxisomes convert hydrogen peroxide into water?

Back 29

peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide, a poison, but the peroxisome has another enxyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water

Front 30

what can break fatty acids down to smaller molecues that are transported to mitochondria for fuel?

Back 30

peroxisomes

Front 31

what detoxifies alcohol and other harmful compounds?

Back 31

peroxisomes

Front 32

what converts fatty acids in seeds to complex sugars?

Back 32

glyoxysomes

Front 33

what are bounded by a single membrane, not formed by the endomembrane system but by proteins and lipids from teh cytosol?

Back 33

peroxisomes

Front 34

what is involved in cell movement, organized cel structrual support and regulation of the activites of the cell?

Back 34

cytoskeleton

Front 35

what provides mechanical support, maintinas shape of the cell?

Back 35

cytoskeleton

Front 36

what part of the cell anchors many organelles and many of the metabolic enxymes in particular places?

Back 36

cytoskeleton

Front 37

what ipart of the cell is dynamic, dismantaling in one part and reassembling in another to change the cell's shape

Back 37

cytoskeleton

Front 38

what part of the cell interacts with motor proteins, cillia and flagella and how does this work?

Back 38

cytoskeleton, they pull filaments past each other causing cilia and flagella to move and thus move the cell

Front 39

what is associated with the cytoskeleton and also carries vesciles or organelles to various destinations along specific tracks formed by the cytoskeleton?

Back 39

motor molecules

Front 40

what is it called when interactions of motor proteins and the cytoskeleton circulate materials within a cell

Back 40

cytoplastmic streaming

Front 41

what are the three main types of fibers in the cytoskeleton?

Back 41

microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments

Front 42

Which of the three types of cytoskeletons have the thickest fibers?

Back 42

Microtubules

Front 43

Which of the three types of cytoskeletons is constructed by tubulin a globular protein?

Back 43

Microtubules

Front 44

Which of the three types of cytoskeletons move chromosomes during cell division

Back 44

Microtubules

Front 45

Which of the three types of cytoskeletons increases or decreases in size as u add mite or less tubules

Back 45

Microtubules

Front 46

Which of the three types of cytoskeletons act as tracks to guide motor proteins carrying organelles to their destinations

Back 46

Microtubules

Front 47

Which of the three types of cytoskeletons sometimes grow out of the centrosome

Back 47

Microtubules

Front 48

Which of the three types of cytoskeletons resists compression of the cell and are attached to the cell membrane by proteins called integrins?

Back 48

Microtubules

Front 49

Microtubules are attached to the cell membrane and other structures by a protein called

Back 49

Integrin

Front 50

Which of the three types of cytoskeletons are the central structural supports in cilia and flagella

Back 50

Microtubules

Front 51

Which of the three types of cytoskeletons is the thinnest and are solid rods composed of globular protein actin

Back 51

Microfilaments

Front 52

Which of the three types of cytoskeletons resists tension and act as tension wires for the cytoskeleton

Back 52

Microfilaments

Front 53

Which of the three types of cytoskeletons has a 3d network just inside the plasma membrane to help support cell shape

Back 53

Microfilaments

Front 54

cellular extension that extend and contract through the reversible assembly and contraction of actin subunitis into microfilaments are called

Back 54

pseudopodia

Front 55

circular flow of cytoplasmin cell with requires ATP and speeds distribution of materials within the cell

Back 55

cytoplasmic streaming

Front 56

between (cilia and flagella) which occur in large numbers inside a cell?

Back 56

cilia

Front 57

between (cilia and flagella) which occur once or twice in cells?

Back 57

flagella

Front 58

between (cilia and flagella) which moves like oars, a power stroke then a recovery one

Back 58

cilia

Front 59

between (cilia and flagella) which moves like a snake, undulates

Back 59

flagella

Front 60

between (cilia and flagella) which is the longest?

Back 60

flagella

Front 61

what two things share a common structure in that each has a core of microtubules sheathed in an extension of plasma membrane?

Back 61

flagella and cilia

Front 62

what anchors flagella and cilia to the cell?

Back 62

basal body

Front 63

what drives the bending of eukaryotic cilia and flagella?

Back 63

dynein, a motor protein

Front 64

what type of protein is dynein?

Back 64

motor protein

Front 65

how do cilia and flagella bend? what is this called?

Back 65

a phosphate is added or removed to the motor protein dyein. Dyein tries to slide up and down but protein cross links prevent the sliding and the tension is expressed as bending and waving. This is called the sliding filament theory

Front 66

sliding filament theory

Back 66

protein cross-links limit sliding and the force is expressed as a bending of the organelle

Front 67

which type of cell is encased in a cell wall?

Back 67

plant cell

Front 68

cell walls are found in what?

Back 68

prokaryotes, fungi and some protists

Front 69

what protects the cell, maintains its shape and prevents excessive uptake of water?

Back 69

cell wall

Front 70

what supports the plant agains the force of gravity?

Back 70

cell wall

Front 71

what is the design like for a cell wall?

Back 71

consits of microfibrils of cellulose embedded in a matrix of proteins nd other polysaccharides. it's like steel-reinforced concrete or fiberglass

Front 72

a cell wall consists of

Back 72

a primary cell wall, a middle lamella with sticky poly saccharides that holds cell together and layers of the secondary cell wall

Front 73

although animal cells lack cell walls they typically have elborate. . . .

Back 73

(ECM) extracellular martirx

Front 74

The ECM is made of 3 types of glycoproteins:

Back 74

collagen fibers, protegloycans, fibronectin

Front 75

as a part of the ECM what is the most abundant glycoprotein

Back 75

collagen fibers

Front 76

as a part of the ECM what is embedded ina network mesh of modified glycoproteins

Back 76

proteoglycans

Front 77

as a part of ECM what bind to cell surface receptor proteins such as integrins?

Back 77

fibronectin

Front 78

as a part of ECM what are cell surface receptor proteins that have two subunits and bind to the ECM on one side and to associated proteins attached to microfilaments on the other?

Back 78

integrins

Front 79

T/F neighboring cells in tissues do not communicate through direct physical contact

Back 79

false

Front 80

Animals have three main types of intercellular links:

Back 80

junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions

Front 81

what type of intercellular link are membranes of adjacent cells that are fused, forming continuous belts around cells that prevent leakage of extracellular fulid?

Back 81

tight junctions

Front 82

what type of intercellular link fasten cells togther into strong sheets?

Back 82

desmosomes

Front 83

what type of intercellular link provides cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells?

Back 83

gap junctions