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127 Cards in this Set
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Describe the conjuctiva and its parts, and possible problem.
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have cells that help lubricate the eye, covers the sclera
Bulbar: thin mucous membrane covering the sclera Palpebral - continuation of the bulbar conjunctiva that lines the INNER aspect of the upper + lower lids CONJUNCTIVAL INFLAMMATION - characterized by vasodilation, swelling and discharge |
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Describe the cornea. What innervates it? And what does it respond to?
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has no blood vessels!, refracts light, covers the eye (not the sclera)
It's innervated by CN V: very developed sensory fibers (facial nerve) -the cornea responds to infection, inflammation or injury WITH INTENSE pain and a foreign body sensation. -corneal edema - results in blurred vision (the cornea can become grey and cloudy which can reduce your vision) |
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What is corneal edema?
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causes blurred vision! cornea = gray + cloudy! --> reduces vision!
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What does corneal edema depend on?
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the transparency of the cornea is dependent upon the LAMELLAE being closer together than 1/2 the wavelength of light.
as abnormal fluid accumulates the lamellae is pushed further apart EXCEEDING this critical spacing -THIS increases light scatter + decreases transparency (light reflex is dulled) |
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What are the parts of the anterior segment?
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1) anterior chamber - the fluid filled space b/w the iris and the cornea
2) posterior chamber - b/w the iris and lens (LIP!) 3) Corneal edema - remember it results in blurred vision. |
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What about the aqueous humor?
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-It's secreted by the ciliary body into the posterior chamber
-flows freely through the pupil opening into the anterior chamber -drains through schlemm's canal in limbic area |
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What's the world's major cause of reversible blindness?? What's its common cause? And some other causative factors?
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cataracts! commonly occurs w/age!
other causative factors: UV exposure, poor nutrition, cigarette smoking, DM, certain drugs |
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what about the uvea?
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vascular tunic, is the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye. (between cornealsclera and the retina!)
sometimes you'll see protein deposited in this area -consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid= UVEAL tract (all share the same bloody supply) |
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When a person has uveitis what structures will it involve?
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the iris, ciliary body, and the choroid = uvea!
patients will have BLURRED VISION, light sensitivity (photophobia), pain over their brow |
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In who is anterior uveitis seen in? How do you treat them?
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NEARLY all patients w/reactive arthritis. Treat them with topical corticosteroids (prednisolone acetate)
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Describe the functions of the vitreous fluid and retina.
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Vitreous: clear fluid b/w the lens and the retina, allows transmissions to the photosensitive retina (transmits light to the retina!)
Retina: functions similar to Film in a handheld camera |
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What are the benign ssx of a red eye?
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fig:
foreign body sensation itching good vision mild redness mild pain burning |
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what are the serious ssx of a red eye?
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severe pain
photophobia reduction of vision marked redness purulent discharge "white" spot on cornea irregular pupil hypopyon hyphema |
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What symptom will you have itching in?
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allergic conjunctivitis
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Scratchy sensation?
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dry eyes, foreign body in the eye, blepharitis
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Burning?
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lid, conjunctival or corneal disorders
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Localized lump or tenderness?
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hordeolum (stye), chalazion
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Ocular pain?
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irits, keratopathy, glaucoma, scleritis, periorbital cellulitis, corneal abrasions
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Photophobia?
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iritis, keratopathy, glaucoma, corneal abraisions
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Mucoid discharge?
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allergic conjuntivits, chlamydial infection
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Watery discharge?
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viral conjunctivitis, chemical irritants
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purulent discharge?
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bacterial conjunctivits, corneal ulcer, and orbital cellulitis
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Name that characteristic look:
1) focal redness (well demarcated) 2) diffuse redness (tender/inflamed) 3) pink tinge w/preauricular ln: 4) "salmon" colored patch: 5) ciliary flush |
1) SCH
2) scleritis 3) viral conjunctivitis 4) lymphoma 5) "serious" red eye condition |
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Should vision be checked before manipulation of the eye?
When would this not be the case? |
Yes, vision should be checked before any manipulation!
Chemical injuries, check vision after eyes have been flushed! |
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Is the pt doesn't wear glasses, how should you check their eyes?
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With a pinhole lens or with glasses
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What should you check for in the pupils? What percentage of the population has aniscoria?
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-check for equal and reactive pupils (direct + indirect)
-10% of the population has anisocoria (usually 2 mm or less) |
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What is pupil size controlled by? What is dilation a cause of?
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Pupil size is controlled by CN 3 (which also controls EOMs)
Dilation is due to CN3 injury, iris injury, or ocular drugs! |
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*Miosis w/pain (constriction: direct and consensual) is typical of what condition?
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iritis
*they complain of pain, photophobia, and blurred vision. Perilimbal injection may be present, and slit lamp exam shows inflammatory cells and protein exudate in the anterior chamber! tx: prednisolon acetate (contains a steroid medication that eases redness, irritation, and swelling due to inflammation of the eye.) |
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I have ptosis and anhydrosis (lack of sweating) and miosis, what do I have?
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Possibly horner's!
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In the pupils, where does the parasympathetic activity originate? What problem can you have with CN3?
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It originates in the CN3 nucleus and EW nucleus (controls most of the eye muscles, and will cause the eye to go DOWN and OUT!
Causes: Vasculitic (DM, HTN) (mini stroke of the eye), Aneurysms |
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During sleep what happens to the pupil?
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It will get smaller, due to LOSS of inhibition to the EW nucleus
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Where do the parasympathetic fibers synapse?
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At the ciliary ganglion!
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What will happen in a carotid dissection what condition is it associated with?
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transient or permanent neurological findings
breakdown of the layers of the carotid artery that causes the wall to tear. The tear may cause stenosis, an irregular narrowing of the opening in the vessel, and occlusion, a flap of the vessel wall protruding into the opening. (pain, diplopia, dysquesia (forehead dryness), tongue paralysis or facial numbness it carries sympathetic fibers therefore horners can be induced! |
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What is blepharitis? What are your ssx?
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eyelid condition caused by BACTERIA or EXCESSIVE gland secretions
SSX: foreign body sensation, burning, tearing, and crusting of the eyelids Irritation to the lids, conjunctiva is seen upon exam. |
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Is blepharitis benign? How do you treat it? What condition are you looking to be present?
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Yes it's a benign red eye condition.
-Lid hygiene (hot towel - gently scrub back and forth) -Heat coupled with massage (open up the glands) -Antibiotic/steroid drops/ointment Always check is ocular rosacea is present!! |
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*Go through blepharitis.
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Inflammation of the eyelids may produce itching/redness of 1 or both eyes. (may involve the eyelashes)
S. aureus is the culprit --> if untxed can lead to corneal and conjunctival inflammation. Tx: give antibiotic ointment (bacitracin) = more effective than eyedrops to treat the eyelid margin. For seborrheic blepharitis = tx is good hygiene! |
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What are the 2 types of entropian (a benign red eye condition)?
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1) Involutional (most common reason - old age, skin breaks down)
2) Acute Spastic |
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In involutional entropion, what muscle is overrided?
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the orbicularis oculi muscle override is necessary!!
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How do you treat entropian?
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-Quickert sutures, wies marginal rotation
-Horizontal tightening, reattach tarsus to retractors, ?bleh? |
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What is a quickert suture?
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tx for entropian - form a scar that involves the
conjunctiva, lower eyelid retractors, orbicularis oculi, AND skin prevents upward eye orbicularis movement and reattaches the retractors to the anterior lamella of the eyelid |
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What is wies marginal rotation?
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a TX of entropian:
it's where you incise the entire lid + place sutures from conjunctival surface below the incision to skin above the incision. creates a scar b/w the posterior and anterior lid lamellae! |
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Describe everything about ectroprion. (a benign red eye condition)
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types: involutional, paralytic, cicatricial, mechanical
involution - laxity of tissue causing horizontal laxity. tx: lid tightening, punctal inversion, repair of eyelid retractors (scarring will pull the eye lid down, but we want it in place so we need to lid tighten! (resecure it!) |
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The symptoms of what condition don't usually correlate with clinical signs?
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dry eye disease
(discomfort, dryness,burning, stinging, foreign-body sensation, gritty feeling, blurry vision, photophobia, etc) |
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What is dry eye?
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tear film disorder due to tear deficiency or excessive tear evaporation causing damage to the interpalpebral ocular surface + associated with ssx of ocular discomfort
resulting from localized immune-mediated inflammation affecting both the lacrimal gland + the ocular surface! |
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Is dry eye part of the normal part of aging? Is it a ophthalmic nuisance?
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No it's not part of aging. (it affects <2% of the populartion1)
No it's not a nuisance! |
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Who does dry eye primarily affect? And describe it again.
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It's characterized by a dysfunctional tear film.
-menopausal + post-menopausal women prevalence in the US: 3.2 million women >50 yo |
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What's the mechanism of dry eye?
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it depends on a neuronal feedback loop where ocular surface, lacrimal glands, and connecting nerves work together to produce healthy tears. If there's a lot of inflammation, the lacrimal gland will secrete more tears
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How do you treat dry eyes?
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LLiR (i = t)
1) Lubrication (artificial tears - require frequent dosing, ointments - blur vision, ocular inserts) 2) Tear conservation (punctal plugs (unreliable may cause more inflammation), surgery (costly, not always effective), goggles (not pretty) 3) Lifestyle changes (environmental management - often inconvenient), change in systemic meds (may be inpractical) 4) Restasis: ophthalmic emulsion --> increases tear production when suppressed tear production is presumed to be due to keratoconjunctivitis sicca-associated ocular inflammation (helps increase your ability to produce tears!) |
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Describe a stye. (benign red eye condition)
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local abscess of the glands within the lid margin that becomes a focal, erythematous + tender swelling that leads to SPONTANEOUS DRAINAGE! (may produce blepharoptosis - when it occurs in the upper lid)
treat with warm compress, gentle massage, abx/steroid ointments, I&D |
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What is a stye often associated with?
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blepharitis and poor lid hygiene
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An infection of the glands of the eyelids, particularly the meibomian glands produces what large swelling? Treatment?
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internal hordeolum = infection of Zeis's or Moll's glands. A self-limited infection, but can progress to preseptal cellulitis in which the surr lid tissue is red, edematous, and warm.
tx: warm compresses BUT if it's preseptal cellulitis = systemic abx |
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What happens if there's a nasolacrimal duct obstruction?
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WARD
1) wet eye/teary 2) avoid acute dacryocystitis! (infxn of the lacrimal sac) 3) resolves during 1st year of life 4) discharge/sticking of eyelids in the AM (in the 1st year, use a steroid drop to keep the eye surface bacteria free - don't want to do anything since the nasolacrimal duct isn't developed. |
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How do you treat a nasolacrimal duct obstruction?
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irrigation, probing, waiting
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What's a chalazion? (benign red eye condition)? How do you treat?
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a NONINFECTIOUS ...STERILE occlusion of the meibomiam glands (glandular secretions become fossilized) (firm mass in the upper/lower lid --- kinda like the remnant to what was once a sty)
tx: warm compress, gentle massage, abx/steroid ointments,I&D, or oral abx |
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*If the chalazion is big enough, what can it cause? Also how do you differentiate this from a hordeolum?
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It may press up against the eye and cause astigmatism -- may distort vision.
Horedolum has acute inflammatory ssx. |
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What are the risks of corticosteroid injections?
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hypopigmentation and tissue necrosis!
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What is pterygium? (benign red eye condition)
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wing-shaped growth of superficial fibrovascular tissue, OFTEN inflamed. (usually on the nasal side)
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Who is pterygium most common in?
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people who spend a lot of time outdoors, in sunny/dusty/sandy/windblown surroundings.
ASSOCIATION WITH UV EXPOSURE!!! |
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How can pterygium cause a decrease in vision?
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it can encroach the visual axis and cause a decrease in vision, secondary to astigmatism.
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How do you treat PTERYGIUM? what's the main course of tx?
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LUBRICANTS - main course of tx, steroid drops/ointment, surgery (recurrence rate is high w/surgery!!!)
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What is pingueculum? What causes pingueculum?
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It's a degenerative lesion of bulbar conjunctiva! (OFTEN INFLAMED)
-have no idea on the cause (UV exposure or welding?) |
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What 2 benign conditions are commonly inflamed?
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pterygium and pingueculum
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What contains yellow nodules on both sides of the cornea, consisting of hyaline and yellow elastic tissue? It also rarely increases in size BUT inflammation is COMMON!.
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Pingueculum
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How do you treat pingueculum?
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lubricants, steroid drops/ointments
-Surgery is only necessary when it's chronically inflamed, for cosmetic reasons, and for CTL wear (but honestly it's not that serious!) |
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Is surgery necessary for pingueculum?
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only if it's chronically inflamed
-for cosmetic reasons -CTL wear not really that serious tho... |
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Is episcleritis self-limiting?
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yes
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What is episcleritis?
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self-limited, generally benign inflammation of EPISCLERAL tissues --- (more diffuse than pingueculum) (if it's recurrent, you'll want to check for a systemic cause!!
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How is episcleritis different from pingueculum?
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episcleritis is MORE diffuse!!! and it's more of an inflammation!
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What are the clinical manifestations of episcleritis? How do you treat it?
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redness w/out irritation, lasts days to weeks, slightly tender
tx: work-up is rarely needed, give them TOPICAL/ORAL nsaids! |
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Does episcleritis affect old or young people? Does it affect more women or men? Is it unilateral of bi?
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young
women unilateral |
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Conjunctivitis that most likely occurs in adults? children?
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adults - viral
kids - bacterial!! |
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What's the most common cause of red eye? Does it require a culture?
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conjunctivitis (mainly viral!)
IT rarely requires a culture!! |
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What's the presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?
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DARNS
d- discharge a- am crusting r- redness (FBS) n- no photophobia, and no pain s- swelling exam: vision,cornea, IOP are normal...(papillary response = normal) it's associated with redness + discharge! |
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TX of bacterial and viral conjunctivitis?
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bacterial - topical antibiotic drops
viral - mainly supportive, pt education, NO STEROIDS, prevention |
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What are the two forms of bacterial conjunctivitis? Explain the second one. Is it bad?
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Acute bacterial conjunctivitis - benign + self-limited, <14 days, tx: abx
SO BAD!: Hyperacute (purulent) conjunctivitis: caused by neisseria gonorrhoeoae - may lead to SERIOUS ocular complications if NOT treated early. |
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Is infectious conjunctivitis usually bilateral or unilateral?
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BILATERAL and injection --> purulent exudate, sticky lids on waking, lid edema (starts in one eye and spreads to the other by the hands!)
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Describe viral conjunctivitis.
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onset= abrupt!!
unilateral!!, but can spread to other eye SSX: FBS, clear discharge, photophobia, PAINNN!!! |
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Upon an exam of viral conjunctivitis what would you see?
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Hyperemia (blood shot), follicles, chemosis (swelling around the conjunctiva!), SPK (Superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) Spots or lesions on the epithelium (surface of the cornea) which may be caused by drying of the cornea or by trauma.
+/- pseudomembrane (A complication of conjunctivitis where the discharge from the inflammation coagulates and sticks to the conjunctiva to form what is called a pseudomembrane. This pseudomembrane can be removed usually without causing any bleeding.) |
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Viral conjunctivitis is self-limiting?
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YES BUT highly contagious!
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What's the etiology of viral conjunctivitis?
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adenovirus
1) acute follicular conjunctivitis 2) pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF) - fever, sore throat, and follicular conjunc in one/both eyes. --> injection, and tearing, PREAURICULAR LYMAPHDENOPATHY IS CHARACTERISTIC! 3) Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis - USUALLY BILATERAL: onset - is often one eye, however, as a rule 1st eye is more severely affected. (injection, pain, tearing --> 5-14 days later --> photophobia, epithelial keratitis, round subepithelial opacities. characteristic = PREARURICULAR NODE tenderness. pseudomembranes may occur. |
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What issues do you want to think about if the infectious conjunctivitis is NOT better?
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-not better in 5-7 days
-severe conjunc w/hyperacute purulent discharge = THINK GONOCOCCAL infxn cloudy cornea - think keratitis or glaucoma photophobia - think keratitis, uveitis, corneal trauma -associated with trauma -associated with herpes simplex or zoster of the lids |
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What are the ssx of allergic conjunctivitis?
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BRIT pop
Boggy conjuntiva reddened eye itching!!!!! tearing PUFFY eyelids |
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tx of allergic conjunctivitis
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-remove offfending agent
-OTC products -oral agents -anti-h -mast cell stabilizers -combination drops ?topical steroids ?restasis |
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how does Contact dermatitis around the eyes occur?
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-can occur from numerous environmental + externally applied agents (make up!)
It's a type IV hypersensitivity rxn |
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ssx of contact dermatitis
tx? |
RAIDS
1) redness 2) aute irritation 3) itching 4) dry scaling 5) swelling tx: d/c offending agent, ?steroid ointment? |
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what about the thyroid can cause a benign red eye condition?
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-thyroid orbitopathy (IR/LR muscle scarring)
-CT scan + forced duration testing necessary -possible orbital decompression necessary (break the floor of the sinuses so you don't lose your vision!) there's a cross reactivity b/w hormones and the extraocular muscles which cause the eyes to be red AND inflamed -- can cause DOUBLE VISION. can't move eye very well. orbit is a very RIGID structure, so when the muscles get larger, there's compression of EVERYTHING! |
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what is uveitis/iritis?
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inflammation of the iris, ciliary body or choroid. may also secondary to inflammation of the cornea, sclera or BOTH.
-20-50 yo, common in the developing world --> larger amt of infections! |
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Upon a slit-lamp exam of uveitis/iritis what will you see?
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A pattern revealed by slit-lamp examination that indicates uveitis. Flare and cell resembles light filtered through smoke.
-keratic precipitates - clumps of infammatory material on back of the cornea! |
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How does uveitis occur?
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trauma, systemic disease
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How do you treat uveitis/iritis?
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topical steroids, cyclopegics, ?systemic agents
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What should you ALWAYS check for with uveitis/iritis?
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SYSTEMIC DISEASES!
hla-b27 disorders: ankylosing spondylitis, reiter syndrome, IBS psoriatic arthritis, sarcoidosis, syphillis, TB, SLE, rheumatoid arthritis wegener's granulomatosis, lymphoma, other cancers |
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What's the most common injury seen in the ER?
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corneal abraison!
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What's the presentation of a corneal abrasion? Exam findings?
TX: |
-pain, FBS, redness
-reduced vision -tearing, photophobia exam findings: red eye, clear cornea, normal pupil, fluorescein uptake tx: patch, clear contact lens, stopping the lid from reabrasing the area, give abx! |
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When do you NOT patch a person?
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-suspicious of perforation
-concerned about follow-up -suspicious of infection **MAKE SURE THEY DON'T STEAL THE EYE DROPS!!! |
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What about the corneal foreign body?
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Presentation: involves people who don't use goggles, pain, photophobia, FBS, usually present 1-2+ days after the injury!
Exam: redness, corneal FB, ac reaction (anterior chamber), WATCH FOR FULL-THICKNESS FB Tx: remove w/needle, burr -topical abx initially -may need to add steroids |
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I'm a well demarcated area of redness, PAINLESS. You took coumdain, ASA, heparin, plavix, and NSAIDS! What am I? How would you treat me?
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SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE!!!
supportive measures, observation, lubrication! (not too worried about it, does not affect their vision!) |
DOES NOT AFFECT THEIR VISION!
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When can a subconjunctival hemorrhage be a SERIOUS RED EYE CONDITION?
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-in the setting of trauma!
-can be suggestive of a ruptured globe!!! omg! |
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How do you diagnose and treat a serious subconjunctival hemorrhage?
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-tx - exam under anesthesia for possible occult rupture
-surgical exploration of this pt might necessary! |
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serious red eye condition - ruptured globe --- how to treat?!?!
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DIETHERS
1) DO not disturb the affected eye 2) IV abx 3) EXAMINE BOTH eyes! 4) Tetanus booster? 5) hospitalization! 6) EYE patch 7) Radiologic exam (CAT scan) 8) SURGICAL REPAIR |
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What are the clinical signs of an occult open-globe injury?
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-bad eye vision
-pressure will be 7 mm Hg lower in affected eye, and lower in the other eye -APD present! -REALLY deep or SHALLOW anterior chamber -severe hemorrhage -CT scan showing flattening of the posterior contour of the sclera "flat tire sign" |
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What's a hyphema? How do you treat it? Can rebleeding reoccur?
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-blood in the anterior chamber (it may layer into a meniscus)
cause: blunt trauma, bleeds from blood vessels in the iris! YES rebleeding can reoccur in 3-5 days TX: -rest (don't move those eyes, or else you'll get rebleeds - no reading!) -topical steroids, cycloplegics (get rid of pain, reduce inflammation) -monitor IOP, check sickle prep |
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If someone has a chemical injury, what do you do first?
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irrigate, irrigate!!!! --> CHECK VISUAL ACUITY
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ACID VS BASE (both serious red eye conditions)
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Acid- protein precipitation (not worse, but somewhat protective) (the acid causes proteins to precipitate!)
Base - causes coagulative necrosis! |
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What are the exam findings upon a pt with a chemical injury?
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1) injection (mainly acid)
2) hazy cornea - base 3) NECROSIS (base) |
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Tx of acid/base chemical injury?
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IRRIGATE
-topical abx, cycloplegics -may need to add a topical steroid later! |
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Another serious red eye condition: TRAUMA - orbital floor trauma..what is it?
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A break in the maxillary bone, orbital fat or inferior rectus muscle
Clinical presentation: restricted upgaze, possible diplopia, forced duction testing? Tx: observation or surgery, IV abx, CT scan |
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What is acute dacryocystitis?
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acute inflammation of the lacrimal gland = rare condition seen in kids as a complication of mumps, epstein-barr virus, measles, or influenza + in adults with the gonnn.
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How do you treat acute dacryocystitis?
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-oral/IV abx
-warm compresses -once stabilized, probing + irrigation -POSSIBLY SURGICAL DCR (dacryocystorhinostomy, is a surgery performed to create a new tear drain between the eye and nose) |
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For the serious condition/chronic dacryoadenitis...what IS IT? how do you treat?
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-often asymptomatic, but can present w/pain, red eye and proptosis
-there is relatively HIGH association w/sarcoidosis (esp if seen bilaterally) -lots of pain over the temporal aspect of the upper eye, often imparts an S-shaped curve. tx: if a bacterial infection: systemic abx. steroids (if not an infection) -enlarged + inflamed lacrimal glands |
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Is neonatal conjunctivitis a TRUE OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY?
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YES!
conjunctivitis in the first month = BAD! 1) chemical (0-1 days) 2) gonorrhea (2-5 days) 3) chlamdia (4-10 days) 4) bacteria (anytime) |
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How do you treat neonatal conjunctivitis?
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Prophylaxis: (presumptive care) topical erythromicin at time of birth
Infant: oral erthyromycin; sulfonamids, adjunctive therapy w/topical agent Parent: oral tetracycline or erythromycin -culture + scrapings for gonoccoal conjunctivits -sensitivites should be performed on cultures |
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Corneal ulcer's presentation (serious red eye condition)
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Pain, FBS, redness, reduced vision, photophobia, tearing
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What exam findings will you see with someone who has a corneal ulcer?
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RICH:
red eye, iridocyclitis (inflammation of the iris and ciliary body), corneal opacification/corneal ulceration, hypopyon |
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How do you treat a corneal ulcer?
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-culture and sensitivity
-intense topical abx -?fortified topical abx -?possible biopsy -?possible admission -?PO or IV abx -?Possible corneal transplant |
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What's the most common cause of corneal ulceration? AND most common cause of corneal blindness?
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herpes simplex keratitis
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Is herpes simplex ocular infection in the immunocompetent host self-limiting? When is it not?
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yes
in the compromised host, incl pts treated with corticosteroids, its course can be chronic + damaging!! |
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What's the presentation of herpes simplex keratitis?
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irritation, photophobia, and tearing.
when the cornea is affected it can cause reduced vision upon an exam, you'll find red eye, dendritic corneal lesion, decreased corneal sensation |
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How do you treat herpes simplex keratitis?
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1) aggressive topical antivirals
2) ophthalmic consultation 3) ?oral antiviral agents d) ?corneal transplantation |
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Herpes is the ____ of the eye
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it's the syphillis of the eye, it can look like SO many other things!!
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How does herpes present?
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Presentation:
-vesicular skin eruption, dermatome distribution, severe neuralgia pain, HUTCHINSON'S SIGN! (involves the tip of the nose!) Exam findings: often not involving the eyeball, dendritic corneal lesion, uveitis |
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The most characteristic lesion of herpes is...
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dendritic ulcer - occurs in the corneal epithelium, typical branching linear pattern w/feathery edges.
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How do you treat herpes?
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acyclovir, famvir, valtrex
-topical ointments, topical steroid ointments NEVER use STEROIDS on the eye, it will make it worse |
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Acute glaucoma!!! - serious red eye condition - upon examination what will you see?
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decreased vision, midpoint non-reactive pupil, loss of corneal luster
globe feels hard to touch, increased pressure!!! (fluid is getting blocked) presents with deep boring pain, redness, foggy vision, n+v |
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Is acute closed glaucoma common?
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uncommon!
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What does acute glaucoma occur with?
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pupillary dilation! canal of schlemm gets blocked!
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How do you treat acute glaucoma?
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-URGENT TO decrease IOP
-ORAL medications (diamox,glycerin) + or drops -miotics: pilocarpine -beta blockers: timoptic -CAIs: diamox -Hyperosmotic agents: mannitol -Analgesics DEFINITIVE therapy: laser iridotomy (LPI) or surgical peripheral iridectomy -surgical correct of problem that caused the closure MAY BE NECESSARY!! |
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What should you always keep in mind?
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TUMORS!
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