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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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complete blood count (CBC), 4 of major importance |
hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT) |
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hemoglobin values |
males: 13, females: 12 |
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hematocrit |
height of RBC/height of whole blood |
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mean corpuscular volume (MCV) |
average volume of a red blood cell (measured in femtoliters fL) |
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Anisocytosis |
variation in RBC size |
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Poikilocytosis |
variation in RBC shape |
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normochromia |
normal hemoglobin color in RBC |
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hypochromia |
decreased hemoglobin color in RBC |
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polychromasia |
increased RBC with bluish color of cytoplasm |
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reticulocytes |
RBS with some RNA, immature (1-2 days old) |
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reticulocyte count |
indication of ability of bone marrow to produce mature RBC |
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anemia |
reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood |
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anemia indicated by reduction in (3) |
hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count |
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anemia is not a diagnosis |
sign of an underlying disease process or physiologic condition |
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broad categories of anemia |
underproduction (common), depletion (common), dilutional (uncommon) |
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microcytic anemia value |
MCV <80 fL (iron deficiency) |
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normocytic anemia |
MCV 80-100 fL |
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macrocytic anemia |
>100 fL MCV (folate or b12 deficiency) |
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hypersegmented neutrophil |
b12/folate deficiency |
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Causes of microcytic anemia |
iron deficit, thalassemia, lead poisonining |
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causes of normocytic anemia |
acute bleed, hemolysis, decreased RBC production, dilutional |
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causes of macrocytic anemia |
Megaloblastic: folic acid, b12 non-megaloblastic: chronic liver disease, alcoholism, hypothyroidism |
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mechanism of anemia: blood loss |
acute: hemorrhage, normochromic, normocytic chronic: GI/gyno/cancer, hypochromic, microcytic |
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mechanism: decreased rate of production (iron deficiency vs chronic disease) |
Iron deficiency anemia: Serum (decreased), binding capacity (increased), ferritin (decreased) anemia of chronic disease: serum (decreased), binding capacity (decreased), ferritin (increased) |
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mechanism: decreased rate of production (megaloblastic) |
macrocytic, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, b12 deficiency, folate defiency |
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mechanism: decreased rate of production (aplastic) |
suppression of myeloid stem cells |
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decreased rate of production (myelophthisic anemia) |
marrow failure due to extensive replacement by tumors of other lesions (cancers) tear drop RBC |
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increased rate of destruction (hemolytic anemia) |
intracorpuscular: membrane defects, hemoglobin abnormalities, enzyme abnormalities extracorpuscular: immunohemolytic, mechanical trauma, infections organisms |
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hemolytic anemia: hereditary spherocytosis |
defect in RBC membrane |
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hemolytic anemia: hemoglobinopathies |
inherited disorders, structurally abnormal hemoglobin |
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Hb S |
sickle cell |
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HB C |
target cells, HbC crystals after splenectomy |
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Sickle cell anemia |
hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusive, spenomegaly, aplastic crisis |
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hemolytic anemia: thalassemia |
inherited, heterogenous, decreased or absent synthesis of globulin chains of the hemoglobin molecule |
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Nomenclature of thalassemia |
Beta: B (normal); B(+) gene present, reduced production; B(0) gene present no production Alpha: aa/aa normal gene; -a/aa absent gene, reduced production |
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hemolytic anemia: G6PD deficiency |
reduced ability of RBC to protect from oxidative injury |
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hemolytic anemia: immunohemolytic anemia |
antibodies directed against normal or altered RBC surface antigens Warm IgG Cold IgM |
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hemolytic anemia: mechanical trauma |
prosthetic cardiac valves narrowed obstructed vessels burns toxins infection organisms (malaria) |
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Prevention of anemia |
screen for lead toxicitiy supplement iron supplement iron and folate in pregnancy screen for dietary deficits |
