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250 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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When did Homo Sapiens emerge from Africa?
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100,000 to 400,000 years ago
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When did Homo Sapiens emerge from Africa? |
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Where did Homo Sapiens first originate?
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Africa
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Where did Homo Sapiens first originate? |
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Where did Homo Sapiens migrate to from Africa?
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Eurasia, Australia and Americas
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Where did Homo Sapiens migrate to from Africa? |
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What are some characteristics of Homo Sapiens?
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Hunter Gatherers
Small clans of no more than 20 Nomadic No written language women and men equal fewer children simple tools of stone and wood relied on big game created fire cave art |
What are some characteristics of Homo Sapiens? |
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What do we call the first age?
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Stone Age, Old Stone Age or Paleolithic
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What do we call the first age? |
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What caused the switch from Paleolithic to Neolithic Ages?
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The Ice Age killed big game and made climate warmer for agriculture
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What caused the switch from Paleolithic to Neolithic Ages? |
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What are characteristics of the Neolithic Age?
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Agriculture
Settled villages population increase sophisticated tools pottery--job specialization domesticated animals and plants weaving skills women lost equal rights |
What are characteristics of the Neolithic Age? |
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What is another name for Neolithic?
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New Stone Age
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What is another name for Neolithic? |
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Who studies fossils and artifacts to determine facts about the way of life of past civilizations?
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archaeologists
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Who studies fossils and artifacts to determine facts about the way of life of past civilizations? |
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What is a scientific method that is used by archaeologists to help in dating artifacts?
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carbon dating
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What is a scientific method that is used by archaeologists to help in dating artifacts? |
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What are the names of two early societies in the Fertile Crescent discovered by archaeologists?
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Aleppo and Jericho
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What are the names of two early societies in the Fertile Crescent discovered by archaeologists? |
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What is the name of the ancient city in Anatolia where archaeologists are currently working?
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Catalhoyuk
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What is the name of the ancient city in Anatolia where archaeologists are currently working? |
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What is the name of the monuments in England that were first built during the Neolithic Age and completed around the Bronze Age?
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Stonehenge
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What is the name of the monuments in England that were first built during the Neolithic Age and completed around the Bronze Age? |
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Why did ancient civilizations develop near river valleys?
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needed protection from outside invasions
irrigation for agriculture fertile soil for agriculture |
Why did ancient civilizations develop near river valleys? |
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When did the earliest river valley civilizations exist?
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3500 to 500 BCE
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When did the earliest river valley civilizations exist? |
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What are the 4 river valley civilizations and name the rivers and region where they are located?
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Mesopotamia: Tigris/Euphrates--Southwest Asia
Egypt: Nile--Africa India: Indus River Valley/Ganges-- South Asia China: Huang He (Yellow)--East Asia |
What are the 4 river valley civilizations and name the rivers and region where they are located? |
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What were three additional civilizations who settled in those areas from 2000 to 500 BCE and give locations?
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Hebrews in between Jordan River Valley and Mediterranean Sea
Phoenicians in Mediterranean coast modern day Lebanon Nubia located in upper (southern) Nile in Egypt/Africa |
What were three additional civilizations who settled in those areas from 2000 to 500 BCE and give locations? |
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What were two key developments of the social patterns of the early river valley civilizations?
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hereditary rulers of dynasties kings and pharoahs
Rigid class system where slavery was accepted but not based on race |
What were two key developments of the social patterns of the early river valley civilizations? |
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What was the political structure of Egypt?
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Egypt Pharoah/Empire/centralized government theocracy where ruler was also religious leader
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What was the political structure of Egypt? |
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What was the political structure of Mesopotamia?
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King/Empire/centralized government/theocracy- leader also religious leader
law codes Hammurabi from Babylon for social stability |
What was the political structure of Mesopotamia? |
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What civilization had city states as part of its government structure?
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Mesopotamia (Fertile Crescent)
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What civilization had city states as part of its government structure? |
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Economically the river valley civilizations had many improvements, what were they?
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sophisticated tools for agriculture (plow and other tools)
metal tools i.e. bronze and iron trade with other civilizations including Phoenicians known for seafaring ability First cities slavery in many forms |
Economically the river valley civilizations had many improvements, what were they? |
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What was the first metal used in the Neolithic times?
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copper
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What was the first metal used in the Neolithic times? |
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During the ancient river valley civilization, what group was the only monotheistic religion?
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Hebrews
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During the ancient river valley civilization, what group was the only monotheistic religion? |
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What was the religion of most of the ancient river valley civilizations?
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polytheistic
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What was the religion of most of the ancient river valley civilizations? |
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What are the beliefs of Judaism?
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one God-- monotheistic
Ten Commandments Torah holy book Abraham founder Moses prophet Jerusalem holy city |
What are the beliefs of Judaism? |
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How was Judaism spread to other parts of the world?
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Through exile (Babylon Captivity) and the diaspora (meaning scattered throughout the world).
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How was Judaism spread to other parts of the world? |
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What were the types of writings of early civilizations?
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Pictograms earliest form of writing
1st writing cuneiform Sumeria Hieroglyph Egypt Phoenician Alphabet |
What were the types of writings of early civilizations? |
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The Persians conquered Mesopotamia and became the largest empire. Darius the Great treated the newly conquered people how?
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With tolerance and respect
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The Persians conquered Mesopotamia and became the largest empire. Darius the Great treated the newly conquered people how? |
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How did Darius and later Cyrus the Great manage to rule such a large Persian empire?
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A successful imperial bureaucracy
extensive road system postal system unified currency copied from Lydia (conquered area) |
How did Darius and later Cyrus the Great manage to rule such a large Persian empire? |
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What was the religion of Persia and its beliefs?
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Zorastrianism
monotheistic dark and light/two sides of good and evil |
What was the religion of Persia and its beliefs? |
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Why is Indian considered a subcontinent?
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Because it is divided by mountains from the rest of Asia
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Why is Indian considered a subcontinent? |
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What are the physical barriers for the Indian Subcontinent?
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Hindu Kush Mountains, Himlayan Mts. and the Indian Ocean
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What are the physical barriers for the Indian Subcontinent? |
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What is the name of the pass of the Hindu Kush Mts where invaders have reached India?
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Khyber Pass
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What is the name of the pass of the Hindu Kush Mts where invaders have reached India? |
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Who were the first invaders to reach the Indus Valley civilization?
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Aryans
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Who were the first invaders to reach the Indus Valley civilization? |
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What were the two major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization?
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Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
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What were the two major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization? |
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What did the Aryan bring with them that influenced the Indus people the most?
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Caste system
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What did the Aryan bring with them that influenced the Indus people the most? |
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What books did the Aryan race bring with them?
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Vedas and Upanishads
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What books did the Aryan race bring with them? |
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Eventually the Aryan race intermarried with the Indus Valley peoples and a new generation emerged. The Mauryan dynasty was born. What was the Mauryan dynasty and what did it do?
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Asoka chief missionary
Buddhism Veterinary Hospitals Free hospitals good roads unified most of India |
Eventually the Aryan race intermarried with the Indus Valley peoples and a new generation emerged. The Mauryan dynasty was born. What was the Mauryan dynasty and what did it do? |
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After the Mauryan dynasty the Gupta dynasty succeeded in India. This was known as a golden age for India why and what were the contributions?
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Became Hindu/no Buddhism (This is when Buddhism spread to China since kicked out of India)
Contributions Mathematics concept of zero textiles astronomy (round earth) medical advances of setting bones |
After the Mauryan dynasty the Gupta dynasty succeeded in India. This was known as a golden age for India why and what were the contributions? |
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What are the beliefs of Hinduism?
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Many forms of one god but for SOL polytheistic unless described as above.
Karma what goes around comes back around Reincarnation based on Karma /up or down the cycle Vedas and Upanishads sacred writings caste-- Sudras lowest working and untouchables are so low that they are not on the caste ladder |
What are the beliefs of Hinduism? |
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What are the beliefs of Buddhism?
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Siddartha Guatama founder
Reincarnation Desires cause suffering Must suffer to reach nirvana 4 noble truths 8 fold path to enlightenment Asoka missionary spread to China/SE Asia |
What are the beliefs of Buddhism? |
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Why was the Great Wall of China built?
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to keep out invaders from the North ie. Mongols
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Why was the Great Wall of China built? |
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Who had the Great Wall of China built?
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Emperor Shi Huang Di of the Qin Dynasty
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Who had the Great Wall of China built? |
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What is mandate of heaven?
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Mandate of Heaven is when an emperor is just and can rule but when he is unjust the divine has left him and has lost the mandate of heaven; therefore, another ruler can take the empire from him.
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What is mandate of heaven? |
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What was the major trade route between China and Rome?
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Silk Road
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What was the major trade route between China and Rome? |
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Why classical age dynasty of China traded with Rome?
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Han
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Why classical age dynasty of China traded with Rome? |
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What were contributions of classical China?
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porcelain
paper civil service system silk |
What were contributions of classical China? |
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Even though Shi Huang Di was a legalist (believed humans are bad not good) and killed Confucian scholars, China's philosophy of Confucianism has been dominant throughout. What are the characteristics of Confucianism?
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veneration worship of ancestors
yin and yang opposites emphasis on education (government service greatest) i.e. civil service exams respect for elders (filial piety) Code of politeness(still used today) Belief that humans are good not bad. |
Even though Shi Huang Di was a legalist (believed humans are bad not good) and killed Confucian scholars, China's philosophy of Confucianism has been dominant throughout. What are the characteristics of Confucianism? |
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What was the culture of Taoism (Daoism) and how did it differ from Confucianism?
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Harmony of Nature
Ancestor Worship Simple Life and Inner Peace Humility Would not agree with Confucious about working with government and politics |
What was the culture of Taoism (Daoism) and how did it differ from Confucianism? |
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What geographic locations of Greece do you need to be able to locate and tell why they are important?
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Balkan Peninsula
Peloponnesos Peninsula Black Sea Dardanelles Sparta Athens Troy Aegean Sea Mediterranean Sea Macedonia Asia Minor Europe Mountains, rocky terrain, narrow inlets and water made it difficult for invasions |
What geographic locations of Greece do you need to be able to locate and tell why they are important? |
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What were the economic bases for ancient Greece?
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relied on agriculture even though land was rocky soil-- hard to grow
switched from bartering to coined money Traded throughout empire after Alexander the Great expanded and increased Hellenic Culture (Egypt, Persia, India and Greece) |
What were the economic bases for ancient Greece? |
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What was the political structure of ancient Greece?
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city states
strongest Athens and Sparta |
What was the political structure of ancient Greece? |
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What made it difficult to join the city states and unify?
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geography of mountains allowed for isolation and single cultures to develop separately.
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What made it difficult to join the city states and unify? |
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Why did Greece go on the offensive for additional colonies especially under Alexander the Great?
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Needed more arable land due to overpopulation
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Why did Greece go on the offensive for additional colonies especially under Alexander the Great? |
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What was the religion of ancient Greece?
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Polytheistic
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What was the religion of ancient Greece? |
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Why did the ancient Greeks have many gods and goddesses?
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to explain natural phenomena, show mains faults and life events
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Why did the ancient Greeks have many gods and goddesses? |
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Name the following
Chief of gods Wife of Chief of gods goddess of wisdom goddess of love goddess of music/sun hunter god of war |
Zeus
Hera Athena Aphrodite Apollo Artemis Ares |
Name the followingChief of gods Wife of Chief of gods goddess of wisdom goddess of love goddess of music/sun hunter god of war |
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What is another name for a city state in Ancient Greece?
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polis
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What is another name for a city state in Ancient Greece? |
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Who could be a citizen in Ancient Greece?
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free adult white male 18
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Who could be a citizen in Ancient Greece? |
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What was a duty of all citizens of ancient Greece?
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Must serve in government
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What was a duty of all citizens of ancient Greece? |
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What three groups of people had no rights in ancient Greeks and were not considered citizens?
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women, foreigners and slaves
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What three groups of people had no rights in ancient Greeks and were not considered citizens? |
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What were the stages of evolution of Athenian government?
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Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny and Democracy
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What were the stages of evolution of Athenian government? |
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What is aristocracy and tyranny?
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Aristocracy is ruled by nobles and tyranny is ruled by dictator or inadequate leader.
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What is aristocracy and tyranny? |
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Who were the two tyrants of ancient Greece who worked for social reform?
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Draco and Solon
Draco had Draconian law which was a lot of punishment driven while Solon tried to stop debtor's prison and drafted a constitution |
Who were the two tyrants of ancient Greece who worked for social reform? |
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Athens is the origination of what form of government?
Who was the Father of democracy? What kind of democracy did ancient Greece have? |
democracy
Pericles direct democracy |
Athens is the origination of what form of government?Who was the Father of democracy?What kind of democracy did ancient Greece have? |
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What type of government did Sparta have?
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oligarchy ruled by a few
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What type of government did Sparta have? |
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Describe a Spartan society.
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Only city state where women were had more freedom.
Very militaristic society where boys were sent away at age 7 Helots/slaves were agriculture based Rigid social structure |
Describe a Spartan society. |
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Name the order of events:
Peloponnesian War Persian War Alexander the Great Phillip II |
Persian War
Peloppennesian War Phillip II Alexander Great |
Name the order of events:Peloponnesian War Persian War Alexander the Great Phillip II |
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How many Persian Wars were there and who won them?
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2 Greece
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How many Persian Wars were there and who won them? |
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Why did the Persians attack Greece the first time?
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Because Greece tried to help Troy on the Dardanelles which paid tribute to Persia to escape. Persia wanted to show Greece not to interfere in its business.
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Why did the Persians attack Greece the first time? |
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What was the famous battle of the first Persian War which caused a race to be named for the future?
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Battle of Marathon
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What was the famous battle of the first Persian War which caused a race to be named for the future? |
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In the 2nd Persian War, who was the King of Persia?
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Xerxes-- wanted revenge for his Father
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In the 2nd Persian War, who was the King of Persia? |
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What was unique in the 2nd Persian War that had never been accomplished before in Greece?
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The city states unified against a common enemy Persia.
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What was unique in the 2nd Persian War that had never been accomplished before in Greece? |
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What were the two battles of the 2nd Persian War?
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Battle of Thermopylae where Spartans killed and Battle of Salamis Bay where Persian ships sunk in trick by Themistocles, Athenian leader
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What were the two battles of the 2nd Persian War? |
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After the Persian Wars, Athens created what and grew prosperous but did not include Sparta?
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Delian League
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After the Persian Wars, Athens created what and grew prosperous but did not include Sparta? |
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In response to Athens' Delian League, what did Sparta create?
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Peloponnesian League
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In response to Athens' Delian League, what did Sparta create? |
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Why did Sparta attack Athens in the Peloponnesian War?
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Sparta didn't want Athens calling all the economic shots
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Why did Sparta attack Athens in the Peloponnesian War? |
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Who won the Peloponnesian War and how long and what was the outcome?
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27 years/Sparta won/both sides weak which laid ground work for Phillip II of Macedonia to come in and take over all of the Greek peninsula.
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Who won the Peloponnesian War and how long and what was the outcome? |
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When was the Golden Age of Pericles?
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Between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
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When was the Golden Age of Pericles? |
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Why did Pericles have to rebuild Athens? What particular building did he have constructed?
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Xerxes burned it down in the Persian War
Parthenon-- temple for Athena |
Why did Pericles have to rebuild Athens? What particular building did he have constructed? |
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Under Pericles, democratic voting was extended to whom?
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Most free males
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Under Pericles, democratic voting was extended to whom? |
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In Ancient Greece, name the 3 philosophers.
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Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
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In Ancient Greece, name the 3 philosophers. |
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In Ancient Greece, name the sculptor of Athena
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Phidias
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In Ancient Greece, name the sculptor of Athena |
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In Ancient Greece, name the Father of medicine.
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Hippocrates
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In Ancient Greece, name the Father of medicine. |
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In Ancient Greece who was the scientist with the principle of the lever?
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Archimedes
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In Ancient Greece who was the scientist with the principle of the lever? |
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In Ancient Greece, who was the Father of History?
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Herodotus
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In Ancient Greece, who was the Father of History? |
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Who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey?
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Homer
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Who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey? |
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In ancient Greece, what mathematician had the right triangle?
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Pythagoras
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In ancient Greece, what mathematician had the right triangle? |
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In ancient Greece, who was the Father of Geometry?
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Euclid
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In ancient Greece, who was the Father of Geometry? |
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In ancient Greece, who was the great poet?
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Homer
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In ancient Greece, who was the great poet? |
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In ancient Greece, who were the great dramatists?
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Aeschylus and Sophocles
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In ancient Greece, who were the great dramatists? |
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In Ancient Greece, another historian.
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Thucydides
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In Ancient Greece, another historian. |
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What are the three types of architectural columns of ancient Greece and be able to identify.
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doric, ionic and corinthian
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What are the three types of architectural columns of ancient Greece and be able to identify. |
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What was the extent of Alexander the Great's empire?
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From Egypt to India
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What was the extent of Alexander the Great's empire? |
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What culture did Alexander spread throughout his empire?
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Hellenistic which is a combination of Egypt, Greek, Persian and Indian cultures
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What culture did Alexander spread throughout his empire? |
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Be able to locate and identify the following places of ancient Rome. Why were they so important?
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Mediterranean Sea
Italian Peninsula Alps Rome Important because protection from invaders and allowed for easy sea born trade in Mediterranean Sea. |
Be able to locate and identify the following places of ancient Rome. Why were they so important? |
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What was the religion of ancient Rome and why did it exist?
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polytheistic
to explain natural phenomena, human faults and life events |
What was the religion of ancient Rome and why did it exist? |
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Name the following gods/goddesses of ancient Rome and their descriptions.
Jupiter Juno Mars Diana Minerva Venus Apollo |
Jupiter Chief of gods
Juno Wife of chief of gods Diana huntress Minerva goddess of wisdom Venus goddess of love Mars god of war Apollo god of sun and music |
Name the following gods/goddesses of ancient Rome and their descriptions. Jupiter Juno Mars Diana Minerva Venus Apollo |
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First form of government for Ancient Rome?
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Republic which had a representative government
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First form of government for Ancient Rome? |
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What were the social class groups for the Roman Republic?
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Patricians, wealthy
Plebians, majority of population slavery not based on race |
What were the social class groups for the Roman Republic? |
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In the Republic, how was the government set and who served in each?
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Senate-- Patricians
Assembly--Plebians Consul-- Nobles out of the Senate |
In the Republic, how was the government set and who served in each? |
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What were the laws developed in ancient Rome?
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Laws of the Twelve Tables for stability
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What were the laws developed in ancient Rome? |
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What were the Punic Wars, who fought and who won?
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Punic Wars were between Carthage and Rome over Sicily and who would control trade in the Mediterranean Sea. Rome won both Punic Wars
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What were the Punic Wars, who fought and who won? |
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Who was the great general of Carthage with his elephants across the Alps?
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Hannibal
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Who was the great general of Carthage with his elephants across the Alps? |
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Who was the Roman general who stopped Carthage once and for all?
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Scipio
poured salt on all soil of Carthage so it could never be rebuilt/modern day Tunisia in Northern Africa |
Who was the Roman general who stopped Carthage once and for all? |
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How far did the Roman Empire extend?
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Through the British Empire, Gaul (France), North Africa, all of Western Europe, all of Alexander the Great's territory through the Middle East/part of Asia and Mediterranean basin.
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How far did the Roman Empire extend? |
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What were the 4 causes for the fall of the Roman Republic?
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slaves used in agriculture
people having to move to cities because unemployed (nobles used slaves and took land away from small farmers) Civil War over Julius Caesar Inflation and devaluation of currency |
What were the 4 causes for the fall of the Roman Republic? |
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What was the first triumverate of Rome? and what happened?
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Cassius, Pompey and Julius Caesar with Caesar winning/later Caesar declared himself for life and then was assassinated.
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What was the first triumverate of Rome? and what happened? |
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He was the first emperor of Rome and was the beginning of the Pax Romana. Who is he and what did he do?
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Augustus Caesar
defeated Mark Anthony and Cleo at Battle of Actium Stopped Civil War Unified Empire Enlarged Empire and Military Failure did not provide peaceful succession for emperors |
He was the first emperor of Rome and was the beginning of the Pax Romana. Who is he and what did he do? |
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How long did the Pax Romana last?
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200 years
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How long did the Pax Romana last? |
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What were some of the most famous accomplishments of Augustus Caesar?
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uniform currency
uniform code of law system of roads and expanded trade civil service system and gave jobs to unemployed Secured travel throughout empire |
What were some of the most famous accomplishments of Augustus Caesar? |
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Christianity had its roots in what earlier religion?
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Judaism
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Christianity had its roots in what earlier religion? |
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What are the characteristics of Christianity?
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Bible New Testament
Jesus of Nazareth founder and divine son of God Monotheistic and conflict with Roman polytheistic Life after death Christian doctrines set by early councils Holy City Jerusalem |
What are the characteristics of Christianity? |
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How did Christianity spread?
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popular message among women and poor
Apostles carried message including Paul to throughout Roman Empire Early Martyrs inspired others |
How did Christianity spread? |
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In most of the Roman Empire, Christians were persecuted. In the late Roman Empire how was Christianity treated, by whom and why?
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Emperor Constantine made Christianity legal with the Edict of Milan and converted to Christianity
The following emperor made Christianity the state religion of the empire. |
In most of the Roman Empire, Christians were persecuted. In the late Roman Empire how was Christianity treated, by whom and why? |
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How did Christianity evolve in power in Western Europe and Rome after the Empire?
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It eventually became more powerful than the emperors/kings and was the unifying force for Western Europe.
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How did Christianity evolve in power in Western Europe and Rome after the Empire? |
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Name three famous building in ancient Rome and their purpose?
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Roman Forum-- shops/market
Colisseum-- games Pantheon--temple of gods |
Name three famous building in ancient Rome and their purpose? |
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Name three technological engineering feats of ancient Romans and what they did?
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Aqueduct--brought water
Arch--keystone for strength and height in building Roads |
Name three technological engineering feats of ancient Romans and what they did? |
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What was the important principle of law from the Twelve Tables?
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Innocent Until Proven Guilty
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What was the important principle of law from the Twelve Tables? |
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In Ancient Rome, who was Ptolemy and what did he do?
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Astronomy and geocentric orbit (earth centered)
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In Ancient Rome, who was Ptolemy and what did he do? |
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What were the achievements in medicine of ancient Rome?
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public baths, medical schools, public water systems
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What were the achievements in medicine of ancient Rome? |
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What was a famous piece of literature of ancient Rome?
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Virgil's Aenid
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What was a famous piece of literature of ancient Rome? |
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What was the language of Ancient Rome?
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Latin
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What was the language of Ancient Rome? |
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When Latin spread by the monks to the rest of Europe it mixed with the Barbaric tribes and became known as the ....
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Romance languages
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When Latin spread by the monks to the rest of Europe it mixed with the Barbaric tribes and became known as the .... |
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When did the Western Roman Empire fall?
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476 AD
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When did the Western Roman Empire fall? |
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What were the causes of the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
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too large to defend and administer
devaluation of currency and too costly to defend Army had non Romans and discipline declined Moral Decay- People's loss of faith and Rome and family Civil Conflict and Weak Administration Attacks on Borders by Germanic Tribes |
What were the causes of the fall of the Western Roman Empire? |
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Roman Empire moved its capital east to Constantinople because?
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protection and distance from Germanic tribes and Diocletian had split the empire earlier
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Roman Empire moved its capital east to Constantinople because? |
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Eastern Roman Empire became known as
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Byzantine Empire
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Eastern Roman Empire became known as |
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Why was Constantinople located where it was as the capital of the Eastern Roman empire?
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Protection from Germanic Tribes
Protection from Eastern Frontier Crossroads of Trade Easily fortified site on peninsula with natural harbors |
Why was Constantinople located where it was as the capital of the Eastern Roman empire? |
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What was the role of Constantinople?
|
Center of Trade
Preserved classical Greco-Roman culture Seat of Byzantine Empire until Ottoman Empire |
What was the role of Constantinople? |
|
|
What emperor reworked Roman Law and formed a new set of laws? What were they called?
|
Justinian Justinian's Code of Byzantine Empire
|
What emperor reworked Roman Law and formed a new set of laws? What were they called? |
|
|
Under Justinian, what was the goal for the Byzantine empire?
|
To recapture most of the former Roman empire lands. Justinian accomplished most. The Byzantine Empire was most prosperous under Justinian's reign.
|
Under Justinian, what was the goal for the Byzantine empire? |
|
|
What were contributions of Byzantine art and architecture?
|
Hagia Sophia-- Church
icons- religious figures mosaics- art form using glass tiles |
What were contributions of Byzantine art and architecture? |
|
|
Under Justinian in Byzantine Empire, what became the new language of the empire?
|
Greek
|
Under Justinian in Byzantine Empire, what became the new language of the empire? |
|
|
What was the church called for the Byzantine empire?
|
Greek Orthodox
|
What was the church called for the Byzantine empire? |
|
|
Why did the Roman Pope disagree with the Greek Orthodox?
|
Because the Pope believed that his laws were above the state ruler while the state ruler in Byzantine was the head of the church as well.
|
Why did the Roman Pope disagree with the Greek Orthodox? |
|
|
How did the Byzantines preserve Greek and Roman knowledge?
|
Byzantine libraries
|
How did the Byzantines preserve Greek and Roman knowledge? |
|
|
What were the major differences between the Roman Catholic church in the West and the Greek Orthodox Church in the East?
|
West-- Latin, Pope head, celibacy, no icons, farther from capital of Constantinople at beginning
East--Greek, Patriarch head, not celibate, icons, near seat of power |
What were the major differences between the Roman Catholic church in the West and the Greek Orthodox Church in the East? |
|
|
How did the Byzantine Empire influence the Russian Empire?
|
Greek Orthodox Religion as introduced by Cyril
Cyrillic alphabet for slavic peoples Architecture--Hagia Sophia vs. Onion Domes in Russia Trade--Black Sea and Baltic (know locations) Religious Art and Icons |
How did the Byzantine Empire influence the Russian Empire? |
|
|
Where did Islam originate?
|
Arabian peninsula
Mecca birthplace Medina |
Where did Islam originate? |
|
|
Who was the prophet for Islam?
|
Muhammad
|
Who was the prophet for Islam? |
|
|
What are the characteristics of Islam?
|
Monotheistic
Muhammad founder Allah God Recognize Abraham, Moses and Jesus 5 pillars--faith, alms, prayer, fasting, pilgrimage Qur'an-holy book |
What are the characteristics of Islam? |
|
|
Where did Islam spread?
|
North Africa into Spain and Asia
|
Where did Islam spread? |
|
|
After Muhammad's death, political unity of Islam was short lived. The first dynasty to rule was?
|
Umyyad who were Sunni and believed the highest caliph would rule
|
After Muhammad's death, political unity of Islam was short lived. The first dynasty to rule was? |
|
|
What unified language aided the rapid spread of Islam?
|
Arabic
|
What unified language aided the rapid spread of Islam? |
|
|
What native group in North Africa went into Spain to spread Islam and was stopped in Tours?
|
Berbers
|
What native group in North Africa went into Spain to spread Islam and was stopped in Tours? |
|
|
What was significant about the Battle of Tours?
|
It stopped the spread of Islam into Europe.
|
What was significant about the Battle of Tours? |
|
|
The Sunni/Shi'a split occurred with the death of Ali. The Sunni/Ummyyad's capital was in Damascus. The Shi'a later took over and moved the capital to Baghdad. What did the Shi'a believe?
|
The ruling caliph must be a descendant of Muhammad.
|
The Sunni/Shi'a split occurred with the death of Ali. The Sunni/Ummyyad's capital was in Damascus. The Shi'a later took over and moved the capital to Baghdad. What did the Shi'a believe? |
|
|
The Shi'a belonged to which caliphate that took over after the Ummyyad?
|
Abbasid
|
The Shi'a belonged to which caliphate that took over after the Ummyyad? |
|
|
What was significant about the fall of Baghdad to the Mongols?
|
It signaled the beginning of the end for the Abbasid caliphate and the entering of the Mongol rule and eventual take over by the Turks.
|
What was significant about the fall of Baghdad to the Mongols? |
|
|
What scientific contributions did Islam give us?
|
Algebra
Medicine Arabic Numerals adapted from India Expansion of geographic knowledge |
What scientific contributions did Islam give us? |
|
|
What were some cultural contributions and achievements of Islam?
|
(Architecture) Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
Mosaics Arabic Alphabet Universities Translation of ancient texts into Arabic |
What were some cultural contributions and achievements of Islam? |
|
|
Who wrote Praise of Folly, when and what was it about?
|
Erasmus, about corruption of Popes, 1511
|
Who wrote Praise of Folly, when and what was it about? |
|
|
Who wrote Utopia, when and what was it about?
|
Sir Thomas More, about class difference and wealth, 1516
|
Who wrote Utopia, when and what was it about? |
|
|
Who painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David?
|
Michelangelo
|
Who painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David? |
|
|
Who painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper?
|
Da Vinci
|
Who painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper? |
|
|
Who was the Father of Humanism?
|
Petrarch
|
Who was the Father of Humanism? |
|
|
What did Petrarch write?
|
Sonnets
|
What did Petrarch write? |
|
|
What is humanism?
|
Value of individual
|
What is humanism? |
|
|
Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?
|
Because it was on the major trade routes from the East and brought back preserved Greek/Roman documents from Middle East
|
Why did the Renaissance start in Italy? |
|
|
What were the 3 main city states of early Italy?
|
Florence, Genoa and Venice
Florence- wool Genoa banking Venice shipbuilding |
What were the 3 main city states of early Italy? |
|
|
Who wrote the Prince and what was it about ?
|
Machiavelli, about end justifies the means or do what you need to do to take over and about government
|
Who wrote the Prince and what was it about ? |
|
|
What type of government did the early Italian city states have?
|
republics
|
What type of government did the early Italian city states have? |
|
|
Who supported the artists of the Renaissance?
|
wealthy patrons i.e. Church, merchants, etc.
|
Who supported the artists of the Renaissance? |
|
|
What is the difference between medieval art and literature and renaissance art and literature?
|
Medieval focuses on religion and salvation
Renaissance focuses on individual and worldly matters along with Christianity |
What is the difference between medieval art and literature and renaissance art and literature? |
|
|
What is the difference between Southern/Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance?
|
Northern Renaissance mixed humanism with Christian and showed more realistic everyday subjects in addition to religion.
|
What is the difference between Southern/Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance? |
|
|
What spread Renaissance ideas in the North so quickly?
|
The invention of the movable type printing press by Gutenberg
|
What spread Renaissance ideas in the North so quickly? |
|
|
What were economic effects of the crusades?
|
increased demand for middle eastern goods
credit and banking production of goods and trade on middle eastern market |
What were economic effects of the crusades? |
|
|
What were some important new economic concepts after the crusades which helped with trade and how did the Church react?
|
usury-- interest charged by bankers and merchants (Catholic church opposed because it was secularizing Northern Europe)
Letters of Credit expands trade New Accounting and Bookkeeping- Arabic Numerals |
What were some important new economic concepts after the crusades which helped with trade and how did the Church react? |
|
|
In the rise of nation states, who united England for the first time as the Norman Conqueror?
|
William
|
In the rise of nation states, who united England for the first time as the Norman Conqueror? |
|
|
In England, what was King Henry II renowned for?
|
common law
|
In England, what was King Henry II renowned for? |
|
|
In England, who was forced to sign a document and what was that document?
|
King John
Magna Carta limited power of monarchy started parliament |
In England, who was forced to sign a document and what was that document? |
|
|
What King and Queen unified Spain?
|
Ferdinand and Isabella
|
What King and Queen unified Spain? |
|
|
What religion was Spain after Ferdinand and Isabella?
|
Roman Catholic
Jews and Muslims expelled |
What religion was Spain after Ferdinand and Isabella? |
|
|
Ferdinand and Isabella were known for recapturing the Southern part of Spain from the Moors/Muslims. This is known as the
|
Spanish Reconquista
|
Ferdinand and Isabella were known for recapturing the Southern part of Spain from the Moors/Muslims. This is known as the |
|
|
Spanish Empire was expanded in the western hemisphere under what two rulers?
|
Charles V and Philip II
|
Spanish Empire was expanded in the western hemisphere under what two rulers? |
|
|
Who threw off the Mongols and moved the seat of power to Moscow?
|
Ivan the Great
|
Who threw off the Mongols and moved the seat of power to Moscow? |
|
|
What does Tsar/Czar mean?
|
Caesar
|
What does Tsar/Czar mean? |
|
|
What influenced the Russian Empire from the Byzantine?
|
Orthodox Christianity
|
What influenced the Russian Empire from the Byzantine? |
|
|
What was the Hundred Year's War, why was it fought and the outcome?
|
Between France and England over who such succeed to France's throne. Edward of England believed he should over the one France picked. At first England one because of technology but Joan of Arc rallied the troops at the Battle of Poitiers and turned the tide for victory. She became a martyr for the cause. Result: France unified, standing army
|
What was the Hundred Year's War, why was it fought and the outcome? |
|
|
Who was the first dynasty to unify France?
|
Hugh Capet
|
Who was the first dynasty to unify France? |
|
|
What was an impact of the Black Death or Bubonic Plague?
|
disruption of trade
scarcity of labor decline in population end of feudalism in Europe decline of Church influence- |
What was an impact of the Black Death or Bubonic Plague? |
|
|
Who were the scholars during the Medieval period in Western Europe? What did they do?
|
Church Monks
Translated Greek and Arabic Works into Latin Built Monasteries with Schools The only few who could read and write Make new knowledge available from translations of medicine, science, etc. Laid foundations for universities |
Who were the scholars during the Medieval period in Western Europe? What did they do? |
|
|
When did the Byzantine Empire fall and who conquered it?
|
1453 AD Ottoman Turks
|
When did the Byzantine Empire fall and who conquered it? |
|
|
What were the effects of the Crusades?
|
left bitterness between Christians, Jews and Muslims
Weakened Popes and nobles but strengthened Monarchs Weakened Byzantine Empire Stimulated trade throughout Mediterranean and Middle East |
What were the effects of the Crusades? |
|
|
Who called for the Crusades?
|
Pope Urban II
|
Who called for the Crusades? |
|
|
Why did the crusaders go on their journey?
|
to capture the holy land from Islam
|
Why did the crusaders go on their journey? |
|
|
Were the crusaders successful and how did they rule?
|
1st crusade captured Jerusalem and set up crusader states-- lost to Saladin after that but Christians allowed to enter at will
|
Were the crusaders successful and how did they rule? |
|
|
Why did Crusaders on the 4th trip sack Constantinople and weaken the Byzantines?
|
Venice was secretly behind it because they wanted the trade advantage over Constantinople. In addition, there were no more goods to be gotten out of the holy land since Richard the Lionhearted had stopped the crusades in Jerusalem the time before.
|
Why did Crusaders on the 4th trip sack Constantinople and weaken the Byzantines? |
|
|
What were the foundations of early medieval society?
|
Germanic customs
Christian beliefs Classical Roman Heritage |
What were the foundations of early medieval society? |
|
|
How did the Roman Catholic Church influence Western Europe in the early Medieval ages?
|
Secular authority declined while Church authority grew
Monasteries preserved Greco-Roman heritage Missionaries carried Christianity and Latin alphabet to Germanic tribes Pope annointed Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor in 800 AD Parish Priests served religious and social needs of people |
How did the Roman Catholic Church influence Western Europe in the early Medieval ages? |
|
|
Why did a feudal society develop in medieval times?
|
Because Germanic invasions shattered the ability of Roman Empire/centralized to protect its people.
|
Why did a feudal society develop in medieval times? |
|
|
What is the economic system of feudalism?
|
manoralism
|
What is the economic system of feudalism? |
|
|
What made up manoralism?
|
rigid class structure
self-sufficient |
What made up manoralism? |
|
|
What was a fief?
|
Land given to Lords for guarantee of service to King of feudal society in Middle Ages.
|
What was a fief? |
|
|
What was the structure of the feudal system in Western Europe and explain each position?
|
Lord (received fief)
Vassal Knight--could become a vassal Serfs (bound to the land with feudal obligations) |
What was the structure of the feudal system in Western Europe and explain each position? |
|
|
How did Charlemagne revive the Roman Empire?
|
Crowned the Holy Roman Emperor by Pope in 800 AD
Reestablished the strength of Catholic Church in political life Most of Western Europe included in Roman Empire when Charlemagne reunited under Franks |
How did Charlemagne revive the Roman Empire? |
|
|
How did Charlemagne unite the empire?
|
Built roads, schools and churches
Conquest Reinterpreted Roman culture |
How did Charlemagne unite the empire? |
|
|
Magyars migrated from where to where?
|
Central Asia to Hungary
|
Magyars migrated from where to where? |
|
|
Vikings migrated from where to where?
|
Scandinavia to Russia
|
Vikings migrated from where to where? |
|
|
Angles and Saxons migrated from where to where?
|
Germany to England
|
Angles and Saxons migrated from where to where? |
|
|
How did the Angles/Saxons, Magyars and Vikings influence the feudal system of the Middle Ages?
|
Their invasions disrupted village/city life and trade where people moved to rural areas. Castles and Manors were built for protection and feudal system was strengthened.
|
How did the Angles/Saxons, Magyars and Vikings influence the feudal system of the Middle Ages? |
|
|
What trade route connected East Asia to the Mediterranean Sea?
|
Silk Road
|
What trade route connected East Asia to the Mediterranean Sea? |
|
|
What trade route crossed North Africa?
|
Trans-Saharan
|
What trade route crossed North Africa? |
|
|
What trade route traveled across the Indian Ocean to East Indies from Africa?
|
Maritime
|
What trade route traveled across the Indian Ocean to East Indies from Africa? |
|
|
What trade route traveled from East Asia to SE Asia?
|
South China Sea
|
What trade route traveled from East Asia to SE Asia? |
|
|
What was a sea and river route from Europe?
|
Western European/Danube
|
What was a sea and river route from Europe? |
|
|
What connected the Black and Baltic Seas?
|
Northern European route
|
What connected the Black and Baltic Seas? |
|
|
What was the main product exported from Africa?
|
gold
|
What was the main product exported from Africa? |
|
|
What products was exported from China?
|
Silk, porcelain and paper
|
What products was exported from China? |
|
|
What 2 countries exported porcelain?
|
Persia and China
|
What 2 countries exported porcelain? |
|
|
Where did Amber come from?
|
Baltic Region
|
Where did Amber come from? |
|
|
Textiles were exported from what nations?
|
Middle East, India, China--much later Europe
|
Textiles were exported from what nations? |
|
|
Where were most of the spices exported from?
|
India especially peppers
|
Where were most of the spices exported from? |
|
|
Where was salt first exported from?
|
Africa
|
Where was salt first exported from? |
|
|
What was a major crop from India that affected the entire world and set up the Triangle Trade?
|
Sugar
|
What was a major crop from India that affected the entire world and set up the Triangle Trade? |
|
|
What technology did China provide in navigation?
|
Compass
|
What technology did China provide in navigation? |
|
|
What technology for navigation did India provide?
|
Lateen sails
|
What technology for navigation did India provide? |
|
|
What technology was provided in the Middle East Regions?
|
Watermills and windmills
|
What technology was provided in the Middle East Regions? |
|
|
How and where did Buddhism spread?
|
Buddhism originated in India--spread by Asoka missionaries and spread to China, Korea and then Japan
|
How and where did Buddhism spread? |
|
|
Hinduism and Buddhism spread to what region?
|
SE Asia
|
Hinduism and Buddhism spread to what region? |
|
|
Where did Islam originate and where did it spread?
|
originated in Arabian peninsula
spread to West Africa and then in Central and Southeast Asia |
Where did Islam originate and where did it spread? |
|
|
What significant economic ideas came from China?
|
printing and paper money
|
What significant economic ideas came from China? |
|
|
What is the geographic term for the 4 main islands of Japan?
|
archipelago
|
What is the geographic term for the 4 main islands of Japan? |
|
|
What body of water is between Japan and Asian mainland?
|
Sea of Japan
|
What body of water is between Japan and Asian mainland? |
|
|
What are the two Asian countries closest to Japan who had the greatest influence on its culture?
|
China and Korea
|
What are the two Asian countries closest to Japan who had the greatest influence on its culture? |
|
|
How did the geography of Japan influence its culture?
|
Mountainous regions and surrounded by water made it easily protected
Severe typhoons and earthquakes are issues very limited arable land but good climate for what remains high population-- needed to expand for arable land and resources |
How did the geography of Japan influence its culture? |
|
|
What was the influence of China on Japanese culture?
|
architecture-- pagoda
Buddhism (Zen Buddhism-nature--mixed well with Shintoism) writing |
What was the influence of China on Japanese culture? |
|
|
What are the characteristics of Shintoism?
|
Unique religion of Japan
ancestor worship coexists with Buddhism worship of emperor State religion Importance of natural features Importance of Forces of Nature |
What are the characteristics of Shintoism? |
|
|
Where is Axum located and what was its religion?
|
Located in Sub Saharan region
Between Red Sea and Nile in the Ethiopian Highlands Religion is Christian Defeated the Kush |
Where is Axum located and what was its religion? |
|
|
Where is Zimbabwe located and what was its religion and trade?
|
Zimbabwe was located in Sub Saharan region between Zambezi and Limpopo rivers on Indian Coast line. Religion is Animism.
Very prosperous kingdom Traded inward to across Africa to West Africa Traded with Muslims on coastline Bantu originated in area "Greater Zimbabwe" capital |
Where is Zimbabwe located and what was its religion and trade? |
|
|
Give the chronological order of the West African kingdoms and what river and desert are they located between?
|
Ghana, Mali and Songhai
Niger and Sahara |
Give the chronological order of the West African kingdoms and what river and desert are they located between? |
|
|
What was the importance of Timbuktu?
|
Center of learning (Islam)
Center of trade |
What was the importance of Timbuktu? |
|
|
What were the two important products of trade on the Trans-Saharan Route?
|
gold and salt
|
What were the two important products of trade on the Trans-Saharan Route? |
|
|
Which empire did Mansu Musa belong to?
|
Mali
|
Which empire did Mansu Musa belong to? |
|
|
Swahili was a mixture of what two languages and religions?
|
Islam and animism
|
Swahili was a mixture of what two languages and religions? |
|
|
Where is the Mayan civilization located?
|
Yucatan peninsula
|
Where is the Mayan civilization located? |
|
|
Where is the Aztec empire located?
|
Modern day Mexico
|
Where is the Aztec empire located? |
|
|
Where is the Incan empire located?
|
Andes Mountains South America
|
Where is the Incan empire located? |
|
|
What type of the religions did the Mayan, Aztec and Incan follow?
|
polytheistic
|
What type of the religions did the Mayan, Aztec and Incan follow? |
|
|
What were practices within the religions of the Mayan, Aztec and Incans?
|
Mayan and Aztec were human sacrifices
Incans mumified remains--had some sacrifices (celebration) |
What were practices within the religions of the Mayan, Aztec and Incans? |
|
|
What was the basis of economy for the Mayan, Aztec and Incans?
|
agriculture and trade
|
What was the basis of economy for the Mayan, Aztec and Incans? |
|
|
How did the Mayan, Aztec and Incans use their geography for agriculture?
|
Mayan- slash and burn in central american rain forests
Aztec- chimpanans Incans- terrace farming |
How did the Mayan, Aztec and Incans use their geography for agriculture? |
|
|
How was the Mayan, Aztec and Incans ruled?
|
Mayan emperor-- city states
Aztec- Emperor- Empire Incan- Emperor- Empire- Bureaucracy |
How was the Mayan, Aztec and Incans ruled? |
|
|
What were the capitals of Mayan, Aztec and Incan civilizations?
|
Mayan- Chichen Itza
Aztec- Tenochtitlan Incan- Machu Picchu |
What were the capitals of Mayan, Aztec and Incan civilizations? |
|
|
What were the Incans famous for in to connect their empire in South America?
|
Roads
|
What were the Incans famous for in to connect their empire in South America? |
|
|
What were the accomplishments of the Mayan, Aztecs and Incans?
|
Calendars
Writing and other record keeping systems Mathematics (Maya concept of 0) |
What were the accomplishments of the Mayan, Aztecs and Incans? |
|
|
Aztecs collected what from their conquered people as a base of their economy?
|
tributes
|
Aztecs collected what from their conquered people as a base of their economy? |
|
|
What caused the Sunni/Shi'a split?
|
Death of Ali
|
What caused the Sunni/Shi'a split? |
