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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happened in 1890 in audio history?
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First commercial recording sessions.
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How did the gramophone improve Edison's original phonograph cylinder design?
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It used discs, which are etched with lateral movement, increasing sound quality.
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AM radio stations began commercial broadcasting before or after electrical recording replaced acoustic recording?
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Before
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What was the first device to successfully record sound?
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Phonautograph (or vibrograph)
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What did Thomas Young do?
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Used tuning fork to make indentations on wax drum.
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Who invented the disc recording system?
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Emile Berliner
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What is the correct chronological order of telegraph, phonautograph, telephone, and phonograph?
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Telegraph, phonautograph, telephone, and phonograph.
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How did lateral motion make disc recording "better" than the phonograph?
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Lateral motion minimized resistance of the stylus; soft and loud sounds recorded with equal accuracy.
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When we measure a device's input-to-output ratio and its frequency response, we are measuring its ________?
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Linearity
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A microphone is a transducer whose invention is applied to the ________ era.
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Electrical
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The threshold of hearing is defined as ______?
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0 dBSPL
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The human perception of frequency is called:
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Sound
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What are compressions? Rarefactions?
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Compression = area of sound wave with high pressure; Rarefaction = area of sound wave with low pressure.
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What is amplitude?
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The "height" of a soundwave; magnitude of a sound; equated with loudness.
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The bandwidth of human hearing is about _________.
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20 to 20k Hertz
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The maximum allowable hours per day of noise exposure as per OSHA regulations for a SPL of 90 dB is _________.
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8 hours
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The ratio unit we use for measuring amplitude is __________.
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Decibels
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Middle C on a piano is approximately what frequency?
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262 Hz
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An octave above 5000 Hz is?
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10,000 Hz
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What is dynamic range?
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The ratio between the smallest and largest possible values of perceptible sound.
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SPL stands for:
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Sound pressure level
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The speed of sound under normal conditions is:
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1,125 f/s
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An average conversation between two students is about how many dB SPL?
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50-60 dB sPL
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The part of the ear where sound becomes electricity is called ______.
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Cochlea (organ of corti)
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What is TTS? PTS?
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Temporary Threshold Shift; Permanent Threshold Shift
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_______ transform mechanical vibrations into electrical and chemical signals which are sent to the brain.
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Cilia
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Describe octaves in terms of frequency.
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A doubling or halving of frequency.
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A sound wave is a "mechanical" wave. What does that mean?
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Mechanical waves require a medium and are "local oscillation of material"
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When our ears receive a level of between 120-130 dB SPL, this is considered ________.
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The threshold of pain
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The lowest frequency found in a complex tone is called _________.
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The fundamental
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Define timbre.
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"Color" of an instrument; dependent on the overtones.
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The third harmonic of a note played at 100 Hz will be _____.
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300 Hz
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ADSR envelope?
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Attack, decay, sustain, release. A, D, R = time. S = level.
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Understand phase.
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Phase = relation between two waves.
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All sound starts as _________.
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Vibration
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What is a sine wave?
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A sound wave with no overtones or harmonics
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