Reconstruction & Civil Rights Vocab

Front 1

Thaddeus Stevens

Back 1

He was a member of the House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and a powerful republican in the time of reconstruction. He wanted to rebuild the south using military enforcement.

Front 2

Panic of 1873

Back 2

It was a financial crisis where bands closed and the stock market crashed. Many railroads went bankrupt. Made many people lose interest in reconstruction.

Front 3

Tenure of Office Act

Back 3

Stated that all federal officials that needed senate conformations cannot be removed from their positions without consent of the senate. President Johnson could not remove his secretary of war because the senate didn't allow it. Johnson did not like the law.

Front 4

Military Rule

Back 4

When the government has to send in the military to enforce a law or when the military is the government. The military was forced to enforce the law and make whites in the south follow new laws about freedmen.

Front 5

Tenant Farming

Back 5

Farming by a farmer who rents out the land. Sharecroppers worked for the land owners until they paid off all of their debt. They walked away with very little profit. It let whites get as close to slavery as they could get.

Front 6

Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 6

Supreme Court Case in which segregation was ruled legal if it was equal. Now all that the blacks and the Radical Republicans had fought for has gone to waste. They are still considered an inferior race and have no rights in the south.

Front 7

Civil Rights Act

Back 7

A bill promoting rights that are given to all citizens. It gave blacks rights that were the same as whites. For a short time, blacks could have a full freedom with pride.

Front 8

Black Codes

Back 8

The laws passed by Southern states, limiting the freedom of former slaves. They are now hardly even free. They have close to no rights.

Front 9

Veto

Back 9

The declination of a law. President Andrew Johnson tried to veto laws that would have given African Americans more rights.

Front 10

Jim Crow

Back 10

The Jim Crow laws were laws that gave description of how whites and colored people would be separated all public and private places. African Americans are now given unfairly equipped facilities when they are supposed to be equal. They will feel like they are inferior to whites and feel like they are worth nothing. They cannot step out of line at all.

Front 11

President Grant

Back 11

Former U.S. General in the civil war. A republican elected president in 1868. Now there was a republican in office who could send troops into the south to stop the Klu Klux Klan and protect the rights of freedmen.

Front 12

Carpetbaggers

Back 12

A white republican from the north who went south to join southern politics. Now there could be republicans in office in the south and the laws could be more fair to the African Americans.

Front 13

Segregation

Back 13

Separation (of races). Whites and colored people had separate public places from restaurants, public bathrooms, schools, and transportation.

Front 14

Reconstruction Act

Back 14

Created military districts in the south, made southern states rewrite state constitutions, all states must ratify the 14th amendment, and that white men would receive voting rights.

Front 15

Emancipation Proclamation

Back 15

An order issued by Abraham Lincoln freeing all slaves in the south of the U.S. Now there is no longer any slavery in the south and the confederacy would be weakened.

Front 16

Compromise of 1877

Back 16

The agreement resolving the 1876 presidential election dispute. Rutherford Hayes became the president and was forced to remove all troops enforcing the law in the south. Now the south can do whatever it wants and nobody will stop the KKK. The African Americans will no longer be protected.

Front 17

Radical Republicans

Back 17

Congressmen who wanted to recreate the south and give African Americans full freedom and citizenship. They were fighting for the political view of the freedom for the African Americans. There were many people who believed blacks should have equal rights.

Front 18

Inalienable Rights

Back 18

Rights that are just known to all people but are never written down in a law or constitution.

Front 19

Presidential Reconstruction

Back 19

Reconstruction controlled by presidents Lincoln and Johnson, with hopes to quickly reunite the country. They had to rebuild the south, and give former slaves their freedom. When president Lincoln was killed, Andrew Johnson became in charge of the reconstruction, and he believed in being more lenient with what the south wanted.

Front 20

Congressional Reconstruction

Back 20

Congress didn't let any southerners hold seats in congress. They started passing acts and bills giving African Americans more rights and citizenship. They passed the fourteenth amendment, an amendment that many African Americans look for protection under.

Front 21

NAACP

Back 21

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Provided lawyers and protection under the law for African Americans in court.

Front 22

Thurgood Marshall

Back 22

Head of NAACP/ NAACP lawyer.Was the lawyer in the Supreme Court case that ended segregation in schools. Without him, blacks may never have taken that first step to abolishing segregation and gotten better schooling in the south.

Front 23

Separate But Equal

Back 23

The laws that said that separation of the races was legal if the facilities are equal. Whites and colored people would be separated if they all got equal facilities, which the colored people did not.

Front 24

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 24

The act banning segregation in public places. Now whites and blacks would not be separated and would share well equipped facilities.

Front 25

Martin Luther King Jr.

Back 25

A baptist minister from Atlanta, Georgia who was named the leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and became the leader of the Civil Rights Movement. One of the main reasons that blacks have equal rights today. He led people through many events and marches to promote civil rights and got many acts and bills passed for the rights of all people.

Front 26

Malcolm X

Back 26

Member of The Nation of Islam. He urged blacks to separate from whites. He started to reject the beliefs of the Nation of Islam and left them. He inspired many people to join the movement and imagine a world with all races and religions living together.

Front 27

Emmett Till

Back 27

A teenage boy who was lynched by the KKK for whistling at a women while visiting his grandfather in the south. This made many people, whites and blacks realize that what was going on in the south must be stopped and blacks need their rights.

Front 28

Linda Brown

Back 28

Seven year old girl who enrolled to be in a white school but was turned down. Her father was upset and went to the NAACP for help. It ended up in a lawsuit in the supreme court when they declared segregation in schools to be unconstitutional.

Front 29

Elizabeth Eckford

Back 29

One of the Little Rock Nine students who did not know about the rides they would receive to get to the school in safety, so she was tormented and harassed on the way to school and was not let in. President Eisenhower ended up sending in troops to escort and protect the children until they got into school.

Front 30

Ruby Bridges

Back 30

A little girl who was sent to an all white school. Parents and students protested and many teachers and students refused to work or attend school that day. She was protected by U.S. marshals. She inspired other black children to go to all white schools.

Front 31

Chief Justice Earl Warren

Back 31

Supreme Court Chief Justice who was the chief justice during the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, and delivered the famous speech of ending segregation in schools. He could be the main reason that schools are segregated.

Front 32

Non-violent Protest

Back 32

Protest shown by many members of the Civil Rights Movement without violence. They would not retaliate when beaten and would march peacefully. The blacks showed that they did not want to harm the whites the way that the whites wanted to harm the blacks.

Front 33

Sit-ins

Back 33

Protests in which people sit down in a place and refuse to get up until their demands are met. People were beat and arrested because of their refusal to get up and do what they were told.

Front 34

Little Rock Nine

Back 34

Nine black high school students in Little Rock, Arkansas, who integrated into an all white high school and were harassed and threatened. President Eisenhower sent troops to protect the children and enforce the law of no segregation in schools.

Front 35

Rosa Parks

Back 35

An African American woman who was sitting in a seat on a bus when whites came on to the bus. The bus driver forced the African Americans to the back of the bus so the whites could sit, and Rosa refused to move. She was arrested and put in jail. This brought on the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Front 36

Television

Back 36

Some of the beatings and events of the Civil Rights Movement were recorded and broadcasted on television throughout the country and made people realize how bad things were in the south.

Front 37

Children's March

Back 37

Children marching in Birmingham, Alabama for their equal rights. Thousands left school to march and were arrested. They were put in just a few jail cells. It inspired children throughout the country that what was going on was wrong.

Front 38

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Back 38

After Rosa Parks was arrested, all African Americans involved in the civil rights movement refused to take public transportation. The bus companies ran out of money and were forced to desegregate transportation.