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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reasoning |
The process of forming conclusions, judgements or inferences from facts or premises |
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Proposition |
A statement that is considered to be either true or false |
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Law non-contradiction |
A law that states that a proposition cannot be true or false at the same time and in the same respect |
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Formal logic |
The study of deductive arguments |
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Truth value |
The truth or falsity of a proposition |
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Contradiction |
A statement that is contrary to another statement |
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Law of excluded middle |
A law that states that a specific proposition is either true or false with no middle ground |
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Law of identity |
A law that states that a thing is the same as itself |
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Principle of sufficant reason |
A belief that everything ( event or proposition) must have reason or cause |
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Law of parsimony |
A problem -solving principle When presented with competing hypothetical answers to a hypothetical situation, select the one with the fewest assumptions |
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Ockhams raxor |
Law of parsimony |
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Arguments |
Are reasons we give to support a judgement or decision |
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Premises |
Support conclusion |
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3 types of arguments |
Deductive Inductive Abductive |
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Deductive arguments |
Valid or invalid Logically sound conclusion because the premises are logical True Premises- true conclusion Premises to conclusion |
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Inductive argument |
Conclusion is probably true if the premises are true Strong or weak Strong- conclusion is likely true Weak- conclusion is likely false
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Abductive arguments |
When the conclusion is the best guess based on premises Most plausible solutions to events Useful when there is a lack of additional evidence |
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Socratic method |
Learn by talking to others rather then passive transmission of info |
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Cognitive dissonance |
A psychological theory that speaks to the minds ability to rationalize and reason conflicting things that we do think into harmony with each other |
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Bacons 4 idols |
Tribe Cave Marketplace Theater |
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Cogent |
Convincing or believable due to clear strong reasoning |
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Fallacy |
A argument that is based in faulty or incomplete reasoning |
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Hidden premises |
A premises that is not explicitly stated but is required to connect the conclusions of two subarguments |
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Informal logic |
The study of arguments used in everyday contexts |
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Principle of charity |
A belief that an argument should be given it's strongest interpretation |
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An argument is cogent if |
The meanings of terms are clear and appropriate The premises at excepted as true Premises judges ad giving strong support for conclusion |
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Fallacy |
An argument that seems to be cogent but after evaluation it is not |
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Logical fallacy |
Ways of reasoning and proving statements that are not based on pure fact |
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Syllogism |
To premises one conclusion |
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Idols of the tribe |
Ways everyone perseves thing Inherent |
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Idols of the cabe |
How we preserve things based on our own education, understanding and belief s |
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Idols of the marketplace |
The slippy exchange of words that obstruct understanding |
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Idols of the theatre |
Blind acceptance of established systems of knowledge |
