Realwfsc1

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the general type of cleavage pattern typical of telolecthical and some centroecthical eggs,where the yolk cells either don't divide or they divide slower than the animal pole resulting in unequal distribution of the blastocoel.

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meroblastic

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In this type of cleavage the entire embryological mass divides including the yolk. This is characteristic of the homoecithal eggs and is the most common mode of cleavage in the metazoan phyla. Blastmomeres are generally equal in size and evenly distributed around the forming embryonic cavity, the blastocoel.

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holoblastic

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This is an equal cleavage where the yolk materials are surrounded. It is seen is some centroecithal eggs.

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superficial

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There are a variety of ways that in which blastomeres come to be arranged following holoblastic cleavage. Type of cleavage where there is a regular alternation of blastomeres around a polar axis resulting in a centrally located blastocoel.

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radial

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There are a variety of ways that in which blastomeres come to be arranged following holoblastic cleavage. Micromeres rotate 45 degrees from verticle after the third cleavage. After this rotation, successive tiers of blastomeres alternate so that cells of one tier rest in the wells or cell spaces formed between the cells below them.

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spiral

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There are a variety of ways that in which blastomeres come to be arranged following holoblastic cleavage. This type of cleavage is seen in Nematodes, other Aschelminthes and some Hemichordata. Cleavage tend to be in right and left halves

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bilateral

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egg cleavage in which each division irreversibly separates portions of the zygote with specific potencies for further development and what group of organisms does this type of cleavge go with?

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determinate and protostomes

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egg cleavage where early zygote cells have the capacity to develop into complete embryos and what group of invertebrates is this characteristic of?

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indeterminate, deuterostomes

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in most organisms the gastrocoel is the primordium of the:

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digestive tract

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the central chamber of the blastula formed in the cleavage period of an embryo is the

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blastocoel

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the mesoderm arises as outpockets from the primitive gut. These pockets become cut off in the blastocoel; their cavity is the coelom, their walls the mesoderm.

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Enterocoel

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As the mesoderm develops, the coelom develops as a split in the mesoderm.

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Schizocoel

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primordium of the digestive tract

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the gastrocoel

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4 phyla that characterize Deuterostoma

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Echinodermata
Chaetognatha
Hemichordata
Chordata

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blastocoel fills up with mesoderm in form of muslce fibers, parenchyma,and other tissue. The digestive cavity remains

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Acoelomate

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Blastocoel persists in adults leaving a space btw. digestive tract and the body wall. Blastocoel not lined completely with tissue of mesodermal origin.

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psuedocoel

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One organism benefits, the other is harmed (+ -)

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parasitism

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One organism benefits, other is unaffected (+ 0)

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commensalism

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both organisms benefit

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mutualism

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includes prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and blue green algae (cyanophytes)

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Monera

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includes the various simple-celled eukaryotes such as protozoa and protophyta.

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Protista

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Includes yeats, mushrooms, rusts, smuts, sac, fungi, puffballs, molds, mildews , and slime molds

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Fungi

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These are multicellular and include the Parazoa and the Metazoa

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Animal

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Includes generally metaphyta and other vascular and nonvascular forms. Many species of algae are also placed in this Kingdom by some authors instead of Protista.

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Plants

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organisms that are either suspended in the water column or are swimmers.

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pelagic

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composed of intertidal and sublittoral

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neritic

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the region of the water column between 1000 and 4000 meters in depth.

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bathypelagic

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the region of the water comlumn between the surface and 200 meters in depth. Because of the depth, the region is generally found outside the sublittoral zone.

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epipelagic

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the region of the water column between 200 meters and 1000 meters in depth.

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mesopelagic

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the region of the water column deeper than 4000 meters

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abyssopelagic

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the upper region of the ocean where light can effectively penetrate and phtosynthesis exceeds respiration. usually betwen 100 and 200 meters depending on turbidity.

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photic zone

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the edge of the sea which rises and falls with the tides

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littoral zone

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in lakes, zone where it is generally the peripheral shallow zone which extends from the shoreline of a lake to the depth where planst are no longer found

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littoral zone

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the region below the intertidal zone which extends outward to the end of the continental.

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sublittoral

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in lakes, it is the zone which extends lakeward from the littoral zone into deeper water.

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sublittoral zone

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region below the sublittoral zone in deep lakes and essentially is the bottom zone

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profundal

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do lakes lack a limnetic?

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no

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vertical stratification in lakes

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epilimnion
thermocline
hypolimnion

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lakes whcih are young, deep, cold and nonreproductive are...

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oligotrophic

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lakes having intermediate characteristics are

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mesotrophic

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lakes which are rleatively shallow, warm, rich in organic matter and nutrients, and consequently highly productive are....

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eutrophic

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somes lakes may become bogs and are chracterized by having brown water, these lakes are called

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dystrophic

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biome that is cold and dry

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tundra

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some salt water organism were preadapted and could tolerate a wider gradient of salt concentrations called...

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euryhaline

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most salt water organisms can tolerate only a relatively narrow range of salt concentrations and are termed...

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stenohaline

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three classifications of estuaries from low salt to high salt concentration

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oligohaline, mesohaline, polyhaline

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some land dweeling organisms are ______ and retain eggs within the uterus until they hatch and then release larvae(____________), instead of laying eggs.

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ovoviviparous, larvaposition

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the large excurrent opeing of a sponge

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osculum

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a small supportive spike-like structure found in sponge skeletons

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spicule

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a small incurrent openingof a sponge

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ostium

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a tubular epidermal cell that surrounds an ostium in sponges

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porocyte

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an amoeboid wandering cell found in sponges

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amoebocyte

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a wander cell capable of differentiating into any of several cell types in sponges

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archeocyte

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The larva form of a leuconoid sponge

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parenchymella

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a flagellated collar cell foundin sponges

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choanocytes

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A meshwork of protein fibers in the "skeleton" of advanced sponges

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spongin

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The main interior body cavity of a simple sponge

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spongocoel

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A gelatinous material and its assoc. elements in the body wall of sponges and btw. the epidermal layer and teh gastroderm in radiate animals

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mesoglea

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sponges lack true tissue and organs,are they primitive?

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yes

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glass sponges

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hexactinellida

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most sponges

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demospongiae

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outer encasement of ca3co

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sclerospongiae

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simple to complex sponge types

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asconoid
synconoid
leuconoid

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specialized polyp of colonial hydrozoan

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gasrozoid

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primary body cavity

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blastocoel

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the cavity of coelomates which opens to the outside only by way of a mouth and serves as a digestive system.

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gastrovascular cavity

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A cell containing one or more statoliths used as a sense organs of equilibrium, oreientation and movement in invertebrates

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statocyst

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A thin circular flap which extends inward from the bell margin of hydrozoa medusae.

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velum

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a tubular mouth-bearing extension of the subumbrellar surface of a coelenterate medusa

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manubrium

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a compund sense organ in schyphanozoans, containing an ocellus, a statocyst which is tactile and chemoreceptive

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rhopalium

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the early, ciliated, free swimming larva of coelenterates

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planula

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a stack-like life cycle stage of scyphozoans which is composed of strobilating ephyrae

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strobila

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The stage which is produced by the scyphistoma in scyphozoans which matures into the adult medusa

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ephyra

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the polyploid stage in a scyphozoan life which strobilate ephyrae

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schyphistoma

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stinging cells

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cnidocytes

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a cell containing one or more statoliths used as a sense organ of equilibrium, orientation and movement in invertebrates

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statocyst

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hydra is in class...

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hydrozoa

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Aurelia is in class

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scyphozoa

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sea anemone is in class

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anthozoa

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lack operculum on its nemotocysts

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anthozoa

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oral arm is chracteristic of medusae

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scyphozoa

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girdle like transverse of armored dinoflagellates

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sulcus

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which go from host to host without cyst

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Trichomonadida

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what subphylum is amoeba in?

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sarcodina

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gregarina has two sections...

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protomerite and deutomerite

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think plasmodium----think

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mosquito

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what is parameciums subphylum

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oligohymenophora