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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the origin of realism?
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Originated in France around mid-19th-century due to an increasing emphasis on science.
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What is empiricism?
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The philosophy that knowledge is based on observation and direct experience
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What is positivism?
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The philosophy that science is the highest achievement and should be related to nature and society.
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What was the main conceptual focus of realist art?
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Realists focused their attention on the people and events of their own time and disapproved of historical and fictional subjects on the grounds they were not visible therefore not real.
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Who was the leading figure in the Realist movement?
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Gustave Courbet (1819-1877)
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What was the "Pavilion of Realism"?
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An exhibition set up by Gustave Courbet in response to being rejected from the 1855 Salon in Paris.
He was the first artist to stage a private exhibition of his own work. |
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What was the main subject matter in Courbet's paintings?
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He showcased the ordinary nature of the everyday person.
ie: -The Stone Breakers depicted menial labourers -Burial at Ornans represents the funeral of an ordinary man) |
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What was Courbet's colour palette for his paintings?
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A palette of dirty earth tones
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What is the Barbizon School?
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A group of French painters of country life who settled near the village of Barbizon. They specialized in landscape painting.
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Who was the leading member of the Barbizon School?
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Jean-Francois Millet (1814-1878)
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What was the main subject matter of Millet's paintings?
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His subjects were in the people and occupations of the everyday world. He identified with the country poor.
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What is lithography?
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A method of printing based on the principle that oil and water do not mix.
-The image is drawn on with oil, wax or fat onto a limestone plate. -The stone is treated with a mixture of acid and gum arabic, etching the portions of stone which were not protected by the grease-based image -When the stone is moistened, the etched areas retained water -An oil-based ink would then be applied and would be repelled by the water, sticking only to the original drawing -The ink would then be transferred to a blank paper sheet, producing a print. |
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Who was the earliest master of lithography?
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Honore Daumier (1808-1879)
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How did the process lithography help Daumier in his work?
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Lithographs enabled Daumier to create an unprecedented number of prints, therefore reaching a large and broad audience.
In addition he also contributed lithographs to a liberal French Republican journal 'Caricature.' |
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What was Honore Daumier most recognized for?
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He was a defender of the working classes and in his art he confronted authority with social criticism and political protest.
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What was so shocking about Edouard Manet's painting; 'Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe'?
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-The style of the painting (loose strokes, drawing attention to the flatness of the canvas)
-coupled with the unorthodox subject matter (the nude woman is an unidealized figure who seems at ease gazing directly at the viewer without shame) |
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Why was Manet criticized by the public for his artwork?
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They viewed his style of painting to be ugly will it's rough brush strokes and abruptly shifting tonalities. His subject matter was also quite often viewed as scandalous.
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What made Manet's 'Olympia' so shocking?
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The rough brushstrokes and shifts in tonality are far more abrupt than traditional artworks.
The subject matter also conjured racial diversions from the contrast of the black servant with the fair-skinned prostitute. |
