Real Cell Function

Front 1

nucleus contains..

Back 1

DNA

Front 2

ribosomes

Back 2

serve as sites of protein synthesis

Front 3

free floating ribsomes

Back 3

make enzymes

Front 4

ribosomes attached

Back 4

code for mRNA to make secretory proteins

Front 5

ER

Back 5

synthesizes membraine components for plasma membrane organelles

Front 6

golgi

Back 6

transports contents to plasma membrane and lysosomes

Front 7

proteasomes

Back 7

break down proteins in cytoplasm

Front 8

lysosomes

Back 8

digest organic molecules
acid hydrolases
autophagy
heterophagy

Front 9

peroxisomes

Back 9

digest organic molecules
membrane bound bags of enzymes
located in liver and kidney

Front 10

mitochodria contains ______ inherited from mothers

Back 10

DNA

Front 11

mitochondria code for ______ proteins

Back 11

13

Front 12

cells with high metabolic needs have many ______

Back 12

mitochondria

Front 13

cells with high metabolic needs would be c______ and s______

Back 13

cardiac
skeletal

Front 14

the ______ ______ of the mitochondria contains a concentrated mix of enzymes

Back 14

inner membrane

Front 15

the inner membrane of the mitochondria is essential for the generations of ______

Back 15

ATP

Front 16

the outer memebrane of the mictochondria is repsonsible for t______ of ______ in large aqueous channels

Back 16

transportation
proteins

Front 17

microtubules d______ and m______ cell shape

Back 17

develope
maitain

Front 18

during cell division ______ form the mitotic spindle

Back 18

centrioles

Front 19

______ are responsible for the formation of highly organized core of microtubles found in cilia/flagella

Back 19

basal bodies

Front 20

there a three types of microfilaments. a______, t______ and ______, and m______ fillaments

Back 20

actin
thick and thin
myosin

Front 21

mitochondria code for ______ proteins

Back 21

13

Front 22

cells with high metabolic needs have many ______

Back 22

mitochondria

Front 23

cells with high metabolic needs would be c______ and s______

Back 23

cardiac
skeletal

Front 24

the ______ ______ of the mitochondria contains a concentrated mix of enzymes

Back 24

inner membrane

Front 25

the inner membrane of the mitochondria is essential for the generations of ______

Back 25

ATP

Front 26

the outer memebrane of the mictochondria is repsonsible for t______ of ______ in large aqueous channels

Back 26

transportation
proteins

Front 27

microtubules d______ and m______ cell shape

Back 27

develope
maitain

Front 28

during cell division ______ form the mitotic spindle

Back 28

centrioles

Front 29

______ are responsible for the formation of highly organized core of microtubles found in cilia/flagella

Back 29

basal bodies

Front 30

there a three types of microfilaments. a______, t______ and ______, and m______ fillaments

Back 30

actin
thick and thin
myosin

Front 31

cell membrane is made up of a L______ b______

Back 31

lipid bilayer

Front 32

cell membranes are made of
p______
g______
c______
c______
and p______

Back 32

phospholipids
glycolipids
cho
proteins

Front 33

during exocytosis molecules are e______ from s______ v______

Back 33

ejected
secretory vesicles

Front 34

endocytosis involves e______ and i______ particles

Back 34

engulf
injest

Front 35

pinocytosis is the u______ of soluable molecules

Back 35

uptake

aka "cell drinking"

Front 36

receptor mediated endocytosis

Back 36

cells are able to regulate receptors on surfaces of cell to increase or decrease uptake of substance

example is LDL. those who lack functional receptors have high blood levels of LDL

Front 37

cells communicate in these ways
s______
p______
a______

Back 37

synaptic
paracrine
endocrine
autocrine

Front 38

paracrine communication is..

Back 38

secretions that affect a localized area

Front 39

endocrine communication is like paracrine except...

Back 39

secretions effect a distant area

Front 40

autocrine is secretions that..

Back 40

regulate whatever secreted it. "self regulation"

Front 41

transduction, in cell communication, is the process where the r______ change s______

Back 41

receptors
shape

Front 42

g protein linked receptors share this feature...

Back 42

ligand binding etracellular component
functions as a signal discriminator by recognizing a specific first messanger

and

they undergo conformational changes with receptor binding that activates G protein

Front 43

g protein action is a form of converting f______ m______ into s______ m______

Back 43

first messangers
secondary messangers

Front 44

first messangers in cell communication are e______ communicators

Back 44

external

Front 45

second messengers in cell communication are i______ commuicators

Back 45

internal

Front 46

name three cell surface receptors

Back 46

ion channel linked
enzyme linked
g protein linked

Front 47

enzyme linked channel receptors on the cell have l______ binding sites on outer surface of membrane

Back 47

ligand

Front 48

enzyme linked channel receptors mediate c______, s______, p______, g______, and a______ a______ exchange

Back 48

calcium
sodium
potasium
glucose
amino acid

Front 49

ion linked receptors are involved in r______ s______ r______

Back 49

rapid signaling responses

Front 50

g protein linked receptor paths are on the cytoplasmic/plasma side of the cell?

Back 50

cytoplasmic

Front 51

what enzyme cycle is involved with g linked receptor paths

Back 51

GTPase cycle

Front 52

osmosis is the movement of small/large molecules across cell membrane actively/passively

Back 52

small
passively

Front 53

two molecules involved in facilitated diffusion are..

Back 53

aa
glucose

Front 54

this form of transportation of small molecules into the cell requires ATP

Back 54

primary active transport

Front 55

this form of membrane transport of small molecules uses specific transporter proteins...

Back 55

secondary active transports

Front 56

stimulus can change a cell. if it returns to normal then it was able to..

Back 56

adapt

Front 57

cell death terms.. 2 of them

Back 57

necrosis
apoptosis

Front 58

hyperplasia is..

Back 58

proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue beyond that which is ordinarily seen

Front 59

metaplasia is..

Back 59

reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with another mature differentiated cell type.

Front 60

dysplasia

Back 60

abnormal development

Front 61

free radical injury is..

Back 61

byproduct of many normal cellular reactions including energy generation. breakdown of lipids and proteins and inflammatory process

Front 62

impaired calcium homeostasis triggers _______.

Back 62

apoptosis

Front 63

apoptis..

Back 63

normal or abnormal
does not result in inflammation
programmed cell death

Front 64

general symptoms of necrosis. 5 of them

Back 64

malaise
fever
increased HR
increased WBC
loss of apetite

Front 65

coagulative necrosis is...

Back 65

irreversible cell injury

a type of accidental cell death typically caused by ischemia or infarction.

Front 66

liquefactive necrosis is...

Back 66

the affected cell is completely digested by hydrolytic enzymes, resulting in a soft, circumscribed lesion consisting of pus and the fluid remains of necrotic tissue

irreversible cell injury

Front 67

caseous necrosis is..

Back 67

The dead tissue appears as a soft and white proteinaceous dead cell mass.

Frequently, caseous necrosis is associated with tuberculosis (TB). It can also be caused by syphilis and certain fungi.

Front 68

gangrene necrosis is..

Back 68

Gangrene is caused by infection or ischemia, such as by the bacteria Clostridium perfringens[5] or by thrombosis (blocked blood vessel). It is usually the result of critically insufficient blood supply (e.g., peripheral vascular disease) and is often associated with diabetes and long-term smoking. This condition is most common in the lower extremities.

irreversible cell injury

Front 69

3 types of intercellular communication

Back 69

1. remote signaling by secreting molecules
2. direct signal by plasma membrane bound molecules or extracellular
3. direct signaling via gap junctions

Front 70

Two types of passive movement: diffusion vs. facilitated diffusion

Back 70

Diffusion: movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Facilitated Diffusion: transport with help of carrier proteins, used with larger substances like glucose, ex: insulin and glucose pair up with help of potassium to get across

Front 71

Active transport carriers use __ sodium and __ potassium

Back 71

3,2

Front 72

Atrophy

Back 72

shrinking of cells

Front 73

Hypertrophy

Back 73

increase number of cells in bulk of size

Front 74

ischemic or hypoxic cell injury results in....

Back 74

Necrosis

Front 75

Two types of reversible cell injury is...

Back 75

Hydropic swelling: cellular edema, failure in sodium pump mechanism
Intracellular accumulations (some reversible some not): fatty infiltrates, excess glycogen storage, calcium salts