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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
phonology
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the branch of linguistics that deals with systems of sounds
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phonological awareness
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refers to an individual awareness of the phonological structure or sound structure of language
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rhyming
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have or end with a sound that corresponds to another
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syllabication
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forming or dividing words into syllables
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phoneme
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the smallest phonetic unit in a language that is capable of conveying a distinction in meaning
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phonemic awareness
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the ability to hear, identify and manipulate individual sounds/phonemes in spoke words
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isolation
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individual sounds
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identity
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knowing sounds
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categorizing
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putting them into families
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segmenting
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separating sounds
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blending
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putting sounds together
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substitution
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substituting phonemes
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addition
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what you can add to a word
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deletion
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taking a phoneme away
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graphophonemic relationships
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recognition of letters and the understanding of sound-symbol relationships and spelling patterns
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ghoti
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(pronounced fish)
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embedded
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used in the context of literature
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analytic
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when children analyze sound-symbol correspondences. (aka implicit)
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explicit
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when students are taught the rules and exceptions, they are not instructed to memorize words
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systematic
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done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical
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onset
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the initial consonant sound
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rime
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the vowel and the rest of the syllable that follows
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morpheme
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a meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts
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syntactic
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the arrangement of words and phrases to create well formed sentences in a language
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semantic
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relating to meaning in language or logic
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metacognitive
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"cognition about cognition" or "knowing about knowing".
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grapheme
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a letter in the alphabet.
It is what makes up a phoneme |
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orthography
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the study of spelling and how letters combine to represent sounds and form words
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alphabetic principle
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the base idea that written language is a code in which letters represent the sounds in spoken words
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emergent reader
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displays curiosity about books and reading. They are usually reliant on the pictures to tell the story, but are beginning to focus on print. They known some letters and their sounds and can write some letters
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concept of word
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general idea of a word
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concept of print
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understanding the difference between words and letters, punctuation and directionality
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fluency
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the ability to read aloud expressively and with understanding
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automaticity
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acting or operating in a manner essentially independent of external influence or control
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comprehension
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the action or capability of understanding something
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prior knowledge
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the knowledge that stems from previous experiences
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monitoring
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observe and check the progressor quality of something over a period of time
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self-correcting
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while reading, correcting miscues without prompting
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strategies
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a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim
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skills
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a particular ability
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word chunks
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a group of words that share a common base to which different prefixes and suffixes and added
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transfer
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the action of transferring something or the process of being transferred "education involves tranferrence of knowledge"
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literacy
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the ability to read and write
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guided reading
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a reading process in which the teacher guides students through text, using a series of structured activities before, during and after reading
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shared reading
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instructional approach in which the teacher explicitly models the strategies and skills of proficient readers
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context clues
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source of info outside words that readers may use to predict the identities and meanings of unknown words
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picture clues
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using pictures to help identify unknown words
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vocabulary
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the body of words used in a particular language
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phonics
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a method of teaching people to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system
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sight words
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any word that is known by a reader automatically
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configuration
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an arrangement of elements in a particular form, figure or combination
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syllable
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a unit of pronunciation having one vowel wound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word
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digraph
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a combination of two letters representing one sound as in "ph" and "ey"
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root
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the part of the word that contains the basic meaning, or definition of the word
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diphthong
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a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another (ex. coin, loud)
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What are the 3 elements of reading?
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1. climate
2. text 3. reader |
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What are the 3 things reading must be?
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1. enjoyable
2. personal 3. functional |
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fluency is the bridge between _____ and ______
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identification and comprehension
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Children must become automatic at reading and spelling which type of words
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high frequency words
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How do we determine if a word should be on a word wall?
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if we don't want children to invent-spell words
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How many words make up 85% of the running words in almost all the text we read?
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300 words
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What do readers use when they spell new words?
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patters to decode
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beginning readers must develop ________ and learn some letter names and sounds
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phonemic awareness
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children must develop_______ for decoding and spelling unknown words
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strategies
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knowledge of ________ is required for multisyllabic words
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morphemes
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What are some ways of activating prior knowledge?
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. brainstorming
. questioning . predicting . writing . discussing |
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It is important to introduce vocabulary in ___________
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meaningful settings
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What are some ways to represent word meanings in multiple ways?
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. using direct experiences
. dramatization . making connections |
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Reading to children supports ___________
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emergent literacy
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Having children write supports ___________
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emergent literacy
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schema
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structure of knowledge
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prosody
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using patterns of rhythm and sounds
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What is the difference between phonological awareness and phonemic awareness?
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phonological-
- ability to recognize how sounds function in words - it is the umbrella Phonemic awareness- -the understanding of only the most minute sound units in words -sub-skill under phonological awareness |