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73 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
phonology
the branch of linguistics that deals with systems of sounds
phonological awareness
refers to an individual awareness of the phonological structure or sound structure of language
rhyming
have or end with a sound that corresponds to another
syllabication
forming or dividing words into syllables
phoneme
the smallest phonetic unit in a language that is capable of conveying a distinction in meaning
phonemic awareness
the ability to hear, identify and manipulate individual sounds/phonemes in spoke words
isolation
individual sounds
identity
knowing sounds
categorizing
putting them into families
segmenting
separating sounds
blending
putting sounds together
substitution
substituting phonemes
addition
what you can add to a word
deletion
taking a phoneme away
graphophonemic relationships
recognition of letters and the understanding of sound-symbol relationships and spelling patterns
ghoti
(pronounced fish)
embedded
used in the context of literature
analytic
when children analyze sound-symbol correspondences. (aka implicit)
explicit
when students are taught the rules and exceptions, they are not instructed to memorize words
systematic
done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical
onset
the initial consonant sound
rime
the vowel and the rest of the syllable that follows
morpheme
a meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts
syntactic
the arrangement of words and phrases to create well formed sentences in a language
semantic
relating to meaning in language or logic
metacognitive
"cognition about cognition" or "knowing about knowing".
grapheme
a letter in the alphabet.

It is what makes up a phoneme
orthography
the study of spelling and how letters combine to represent sounds and form words
alphabetic principle
the base idea that written language is a code in which letters represent the sounds in spoken words
emergent reader
displays curiosity about books and reading. They are usually reliant on the pictures to tell the story, but are beginning to focus on print. They known some letters and their sounds and can write some letters
concept of word
general idea of a word
concept of print
understanding the difference between words and letters, punctuation and directionality
fluency
the ability to read aloud expressively and with understanding
automaticity
acting or operating in a manner essentially independent of external influence or control
comprehension
the action or capability of understanding something
prior knowledge
the knowledge that stems from previous experiences
monitoring
observe and check the progressor quality of something over a period of time
self-correcting
while reading, correcting miscues without prompting
strategies
a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim
skills
a particular ability
word chunks
a group of words that share a common base to which different prefixes and suffixes and added
transfer
the action of transferring something or the process of being transferred "education involves tranferrence of knowledge"
literacy
the ability to read and write
guided reading
a reading process in which the teacher guides students through text, using a series of structured activities before, during and after reading
shared reading
instructional approach in which the teacher explicitly models the strategies and skills of proficient readers
context clues
source of info outside words that readers may use to predict the identities and meanings of unknown words
picture clues
using pictures to help identify unknown words
vocabulary
the body of words used in a particular language
phonics
a method of teaching people to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system
sight words
any word that is known by a reader automatically
configuration
an arrangement of elements in a particular form, figure or combination
syllable
a unit of pronunciation having one vowel wound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word
digraph
a combination of two letters representing one sound as in "ph" and "ey"
root
the part of the word that contains the basic meaning, or definition of the word
diphthong
a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another (ex. coin, loud)
What are the 3 elements of reading?
1. climate
2. text
3. reader
What are the 3 things reading must be?
1. enjoyable
2. personal
3. functional
fluency is the bridge between _____ and ______
identification and comprehension
Children must become automatic at reading and spelling which type of words
high frequency words
How do we determine if a word should be on a word wall?
if we don't want children to invent-spell words
How many words make up 85% of the running words in almost all the text we read?
300 words
What do readers use when they spell new words?
patters to decode
beginning readers must develop ________ and learn some letter names and sounds
phonemic awareness
children must develop_______ for decoding and spelling unknown words
strategies
knowledge of ________ is required for multisyllabic words
morphemes
What are some ways of activating prior knowledge?
. brainstorming
. questioning
. predicting
. writing
. discussing
It is important to introduce vocabulary in ___________
meaningful settings
What are some ways to represent word meanings in multiple ways?
. using direct experiences
. dramatization
. making connections
Reading to children supports ___________
emergent literacy
Having children write supports ___________
emergent literacy
schema
structure of knowledge
prosody
using patterns of rhythm and sounds
What is the difference between phonological awareness and phonemic awareness?
phonological-

- ability to recognize how sounds function in words
- it is the umbrella

Phonemic awareness-

-the understanding of only the most minute sound units in words
-sub-skill under phonological awareness