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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where is most uv radiation absorbed
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the stratosphere
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where is much of the near-infrared radiation absorbed
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troposphere by water vapor
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what type of energy does the atmosphere and the atmosphere radiate
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longwave enrgy
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conduction
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transfers enerbgy across an extremely thin layer of air in contact with the surface
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convection
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distributes sensible and latent heat from near the surface to higher regions of the atmosphere
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what does convection frequently lead to
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formation of deep clouds that can yield heavy precipitation, lightning, hail, and even tornadoes
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energy
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the ability to do work
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standard unit of energhy
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joule
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power
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rate at which energy is released, transferred, or received
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electromagnetic radiation
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one two billionth of energy from the sun reaches earth, some of which is directly absorbed by the atmospehre and surfac e
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kinetic energy
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energy in use
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conduction
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movement of heat through a substance without molecules moving, ie: putting heat to a metal table, the whole thing will get hot, but not b/c the molecules are moving across the table (DUC under the table)
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convection
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transfer of heat by mixing of a fluid, boiling pot water at bottom goes to top(boils) water at top moves to bottom
think: convection oven- cooking-boiling pot of water |
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buoyancy
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warm air tendency for a light fluid to float upward when surrounded by a heavier fluid
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forced convection
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vertical mixing that happens as wind blows- convection without a heating force
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radiation
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unlike conduction or convection, transfer of energy may occur through empty space
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amplitude
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the hieght of the wave- or the quantity
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quality
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based on the distance between wavecrests
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what determines wavelength
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distance between individual wave crests
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wavelength in micrometers, smallest to biggest
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gamma rays
x rays uv infrared radio |
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blackbodies
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purely hypothetical bodies, emit the maximum possible radiation at every wavelength
earth and sun are close to blackbodies |
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what is the single factor that determines how much energy a blackbody radiates
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temperature,doubling in temperatuer> doubling of radiation emitted
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Stefan Boltzman law
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I= lower case sigma( 5.67 x10^-8 watts per square meter per k^4 sb constant) xT( temp of body in kelvins)
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graybodies
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liquids and solids that emit some percentage of the maximum amount of radiation possible at a given temp
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emissivity
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percentage of energhy radiated by a substance relative to that of a blackbody ( relative to 100%)
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wien's law
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hotter objects radiate energy at shorter wavelengths than do cooler bodies
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shortwave radiation
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radiation that has wavelengths less than 4 microns
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longwave radiation
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wavelengths longer than 4 microns
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