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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Porch |
ایوان |
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Soggy |
خیس |
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Swell |
ورم کردن |
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Turn up |
To be found Start |
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Lid |
درپوش |
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Beware |
used to warn someone to be careful because something is dangerous beware of Beware of the dog! beware of doing something They should beware of making hasty decisions. Police warned drivers to beware |
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Beware |
used to warn someone to be careful because something is dangerous beware of Beware of the dog! beware of doing something They should beware of making hasty decisions. Police warned drivers to beware |
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Intruder |
. someone who illegally enters a building or area, usually in order to steal something: The police think the intruder got in through an unlocked window. 2. someone who is in a place where they are not wanted: At first I felt like an intruder in their family. |
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Obsolescence |
The process of becoming obsolete or outdated and no longer used Obsolete |
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Corespondance |
تطابق، مشابهت، همانندی نامه نگاری 1. the letters that someone sends and receives, especially official or business letters: A secretary came in twice a week to deal with his correspondence. 2. the process of sending and receiving letters: The magazine is unable to enter into any correspondence on medical matters. (be in) correspondence with somebody He had been in correspondence with her for several years before they finally met. All correspondence between us must cease. 3. a relationship or connection between two or more ideas or facts |
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Induce |
formal to persuade someone to do something, especially something that does not seem wise induce somebody to do something Nothing would induce me to vote for him again. 2. medical to make a woman give birth to her baby, by giving her a special drug: |
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Deduce |
to use the knowledge and information you have in order to understand something or form an opinion about it deduce that From her son’s age, I deduced that her husband must be at least 60. deduce from What did Darwin deduce from the presence of these species? |
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rare breed |
a breed of livestock or poultry that is not associated with large-scale commercial farming, typically one that has traditionally been reared in a particular region. "he rears various rare breeds including Gloucester Old Spot pigs" |
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Conceited |
مغرور-به خود بالنده someone who is conceited thinks they are very clever, skilful, beautiful etc – used to show disapproval SYN vain: You’re the most conceited selfish person I’ve ever known. |
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Impulsive |
someone who is impulsive does things without considering the possible dangers or problems first ⇨ rash: |
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Garrulous |
Talkative |
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Garrulous |
Talkative |
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Witty |
Funny بذله گو و شوخ طبع |
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Absent-minded |
likely to forget things, especially because you are thinking about something else SYN forgetful: |
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Obstinate |
لجباز determined not to change your ideas, behaviour, opinions etc, even when other people think you are being unreasonable SYN stubborn: He was the most obstinate man I’ve ever met. Don’t be so obstinate! an obstinate refusal to obey 2. [only before noun] British English difficult to deal with or get rid of: |
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Reserved |
unwilling to express your emotions or talk about your problems ⇨ shy: |
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Bossy |
always telling other people what to do, in a way that is annoying: her loud bossy sister 2. bossy-boots British English informal someone who you think tells other people what to do too often |
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Possessive |
1. wanting someone to have feelings of love or friendship for you and no one else possessive of/about She was terribly possessive of our eldest son. 2. unwilling to let other people use something you own possessive of/about He’s so possessive about his new car. 3. technical used in grammar to show that something belongs to someone or something possessive pronoun/form/case etc the possessive pronouns ‘ours’ and ‘mine’ —possessively adverb —possessiveness noun [uncountable] II. possessive2 BrE AmE noun [countable] technical an adjective, ↑pronoun, or form of a word that shows that something belongs to someone or something |
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Bigoted |
having such strong opinions about a group of people that you are unwilling to listen to anyone else’s opinions SYN prejudiced: |
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Bitchy |
unkind and unpleasant about other people SYN catty: a bitchy remark She can be really bitchy sometimes. |
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Sociable |
someone who is sociable is friendly and enjoys being with other people OPP unsociable: |
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Sensible |
reasonable, practical, and showing good judgement: She seems very sensible. sensible advice It’s sensible to keep a note of your passport number. Moving house seemed like the sensible thing to do. ► A sensible person is reasonable and shows good judgement. A sensitive person is easily upset, or understands other people’s feelings and problems. 2. suitable for a particular purpose, and practical rather than fashionable: Eat a sensible diet and exercise daily. an old woman in sensible shoes and a neat skirt 3. formal noticeable: |
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Truthful |
Honesty |
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Fanatic |
someone who has extreme political or religious ideas and is often dangerous SYN extremist: fanatics who represent a real danger to democracy a religious fanatic 2. someone who likes a particular thing or activity very much SYN enthusiast: a health food fanatic a fitness fanatic |
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Hover |
if a bird, insect, or ↑helicopter hovers, it stays in one place in the air hover over/above flies hovering above the surface of the water 2. to stay nervously in the same place, especially because you are waiting for something or are not certain what to do: Her younger brother hovered in the background watching us. hover around/about I noticed several reporters hovering around outside the courtroom. 3. [always + adverb/preposition] if a level, price etc hovers around a certain amount, it stays close to that amount, only changing slightly up or down |
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Plunge |
to move, fall, or be thrown suddenly forwards or downwards plunge off/into etc Her car swerved and plunged off the cliff. Both the climbers had plunged to their deaths. 2. [intransitive] if a price, rate etc plunges, it suddenly decreases by a large amount: The unemployment rate plunged sharply. plunge to Oil prices have plunged to a new low. In the recession, the company’s profits plunged 60%. 3. [intransitive] literary if a ship plunges, it moves violently up and down because of big waves |
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Despair |
a feeling that you have no hope at all in despair She killed herself in despair. the depths of despair (=very strong feelings of despair) The noise from the neighbours used to drive him to despair. to the despair of somebody To the despair of the workers, the company announced the closure of the factory. 2. be the despair of somebody old-fashioned to make someone feel very worried, upset, or unhappy: She is the despair of her teachers. |
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Despair |
a feeling that you have no hope at all in despair She killed herself in despair. the depths of despair (=very strong feelings of despair) The noise from the neighbours used to drive him to despair. to the despair of somebody To the despair of the workers, the company announced the closure of the factory. 2. be the despair of somebody old-fashioned to make someone feel very worried, upset, or unhappy: She is the despair of her teachers. |
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Plunge us to total despair |
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Sense of proportion |
The ability to judge the relative importance or seriousness of things |
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Weep |
to cry, especially because you feel very sad: James broke down and wept. weep for She wept for the loss of her mother. He wept bitterly (=cried a lot) when it was time for us to leave. REGISTER In everyday English, people usually say cry rather than weep: ▪ She was crying all the way through the movie. 2. I could have wept spoken used to say that you felt very disappointed about something: |
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Patrol |
1. to go around the different parts of an area or building at regular times to check that there is no trouble or danger: Armed guards patrolled the grounds. an area patrolled by special police units 2. to drive or walk around an area in a threatening way: Gangs of youths patrolled the streets at night. II. patrol2 BrE AmE noun |
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Platoon Platoon leader |
دسته (ارتش) a small group of soldiers which is part of a ↑company and is led by a ↑lieutenant |
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Exempt |
معاف I. ex‧empt1 /ɪɡˈzempt/ BrE AmE adjective [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Latin; Origin: exemptus, past participle of eximere; ⇨ ↑example] not affected by something, or not having to do it or pay it exempt from The interest is exempt from income tax. Children are exempt from the charges. II. exempt2 BrE AmE verb [transitive] to give someone permission not to do or pay something exempt somebody from something Charities are exempted from paying the tax. a document that exempts the owner from liability in case of accidents |
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Reserve officer |
A reserve police officer (also known as an auxiliary officer) is either a volunteer or paid worker, depending on the circumstance and the department for which they work. They perform law enforcement duties in their community. |
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Noncombat |
not including, entailing, or requiring combat: noncombat duty. Numerous policy changes have also eroded the division between combat and noncombat positions |
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Critic |
crit‧ic W3 /ˈkrɪtɪk/ BrE AmE noun [countable] [Word Family: noun: ↑critic, ↑criticism; verb: ↑criticize; adverb: ↑critically ≠ ↑uncritically; adjective: ↑critical ≠ ↑uncritical] [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: criticus, from Greek kritikos, from krinein; ⇨ ↑criterion] 1. someone whose job is to make judgments about the good and bad qualities of art, music, films etc SYN reviewer music/art/film/theatre/literary critic a review by the theatre critic of the ‘Sunday Times’ 2. someone who criticizes a person, organization, or idea critic of Critics of the scheme have said that it will not solve the problem of teenage crime. fierce/outspoken critic an outspoken critic of the government |
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Abolish |
o officially end a law, system etc, especially one that has existed for a long time: |
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Seethe |
1. to feel an emotion, especially anger, so strongly that you are almost shaking SYN fume seethe with He was seething with anger. I was absolutely seething. 2. be seething (with something) if a place is seething with people, insects etc, there are a lot of them all moving quickly in different directions: The cellar was seething with spiders. |
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Redundant |
if you are redundant, your employer no longer has a job for you: Seventy factory workers were made redundant in the resulting cuts. make a job/position etc redundant As the economy weakens, more and more jobs will be made redundant. 2. not necessary because something else means or does the same thing: |
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Cosmopolitan |
1. a cosmopolitan place has people from many different parts of the world – use this to show approval: a vibrant cosmopolitan city a lively hotel with a cosmopolitan atmosphere 2. a cosmopolitan person, belief, opinion etc shows a wide experience of different people and places: Brigitta has such a cosmopolitan outlook on life. II. cosmopolitan2 BrE AmE noun [countable] someone who has travelled a lot and feels at home in any part of the world |
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Metropolis |
a very large city that is the most important city in a country or area: |
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Breed |
if animals breed, they ↑mate in order to have babies: Eagles breed during the cooler months of the year. 2. [transitive] to keep animals or plants in order to produce babies or new plants, especially ones with particular qualities: These dogs were originally bred in Scotland to round up sheep. ⇨ ↑crossbreed1, ↑purebred, ↑thoroughbred 3. [transitive] to cause a particular feeling or condition: Poor living conditions breed violence and despair. 4. [transitive] if a place, situation, or thing breeds a particular type of person, it produces that type: Society’s obsession with sex has bred a generation of unhappy children. |
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Population explosion |
a sudden, large increase in the size of a population. |
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Cultural events |
T Examples : Local festival or community event. Visit to a local government body in session. Volunteer activity for a charitable organization. Parades. Movie night. Bowling. Local museum or zoo. Local sporting event. More items... |
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Infrastructure (definition) |
Infrastructure refers to the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or other area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function. |
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Anonymity |
when other people do not know who you are or what your name is: |
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Sprawl |
to lie or sit with your arms or legs stretched out in a lazy or careless way: He sprawled out on the sofa. I tripped on a stone and went sprawling on the pavement. a blow which sent him sprawling 2. if buildings sprawl, they spread out over a wide area in an untidy and unattractive way: The town seemed to sprawl for miles. II. sprawl2 BrE AmE noun [singular, uncountable] a large area of buildings that are spread out in an untidy and unattractive way: We drove through miles of urban sprawl before we finally got out into the countryside. |
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Urban sprawl |
DescriptionUrban sprawl or suburban sprawl mainly refers to the unrestricted growth in many urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning |
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Pesticide |
a chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops ⇨ herbicide آفت کش |
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Fertilize Fertilizer (Fertilise-fertiliser) chemical fertiliser |
make new animal or plant life develop: After the egg has been fertilized, it will hatch in about six weeks. 2. to put fertilizer on the soil to make plants grow —fertilization /ˌfɜːtəlaɪˈzeɪʃən, ˌfɜːtɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən $ ˌfɜːrtl-əˈzeɪ-/ noun [uncountable] |
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Oats |
the grain from which flour or oatmeal is made and that is used in cooking, or in food for animals ⇨ sow your wild oats at ↑sow1(3) |
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Oats |
the grain from which flour or oatmeal is made and that is used in cooking, or in food for animals ⇨ sow your wild oats at ↑sow1(3) |
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Oatmeal |
British English crushed ↑oats used in cooking, especially for making ↑biscuits or ↑porridge 2. American English a soft breakfast food made by boiling crushed ↑oats SYN porridge British English 3. a light brown colour |
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Barley |
a plant that produces a grain used for making food or alcohol |
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Acre |
هکتار a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,840 square yards or 4,047 square metres: They own 200 acres of farmland. a 200-acre wood 2. acres of space/room British English informal a large amount of space |
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Cultivation |
the preparation and use of land for growing crops: soil cultivation under cultivation These fields have been under cultivation (=used for growing crops) for years. 2. the planting and growing of plants and crops: Terraces for rice cultivation covered the hillsides. cultivation of the cultivation of tobacco 3. the deliberate development of a particular quality or skill |
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Productive lands |
DescriptionArable land is, according to one definition, land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops. In Britain, it was traditionally contrasted with pasturable land such as heaths which could be used for sheep-rearing but not farmland. |
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Arable land |
DescriptionArable land is, according to one definition, land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops. In Britain, it was traditionally contrasted with pasturable land such as heaths which could be used for sheep-rearing but not farmland. |
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Oxytocin |
Is a hormone released by our body reduce fear and increase trust |
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Oxytocin |
Is a hormone released by our body reduce fear and increase trust |
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Claustrophobic |
Having extreme fear of confined place A person with an extreme or irrational fear of confined spaces |
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Confine Confined |
LIMIT to keep someone or something within the limits of a particular activity or subject SYN restrict confine something to something The police cadet’s duties were confined to taking statements from the crowd. We confined our study to ten cases. confine yourself to (doing) something Owen did not confine himself to writing only one type of poem. 2. KEEP SOMEBODY IN A PLACE to keep someone in a place that they cannot leave, such as a prison be confined to somebody/something to exist in or affect only a particular place or group: The risk of infection is confined to medical personnel. 2. a confined space or area is one that is very small SYN restricted: It wasn’t easy to sleep in such a confined space. |
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Hypo-vigilance |
Hypervigilance is an enhanced state of sensory sensitivity accompanied by an exaggerated intensity of behaviors whose purpose is to detect activity. Hypervigilance may bring about a state of increased anxiety which can cause exhaustion. |
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Insular |
1. interested in your own group, country, way of life etc and no others – used to show disapproval ⇨ parochial: an insular community the insular world of the law 2. formal relating to or like an island —insularity /ˌɪnsjəˈlærəti, ˌɪnsjʊˈlærəti $ -sə-, -ʃə-/ noun [uncountable] |
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Nosy Nosey |
always wanting to find out things that do not concern you, especially other people’s private affairs: |
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Hustle |
با خشونت رفتار کردن- هل دادن- کشان مشان بردن- تنه زدن to make someone move quickly, especially by pushing them roughly hustle somebody into/out of/through etc something I was hustled out of the building by a couple of security men. hustle somebody away He was hustled away by police officers. 2. [intransitive] American English to do something with a lot of energy and determination: Cindy’s not a great player, but she really hustles. 3. [intransitive] American English to hurry in doing something or going somewhere: |
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Chitchat |
conversation about things that are not very important: boring social chit-chat |
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Quotient |
the amount or degree of a quality, feeling etc in a person, thing, or situation: Is all this healthy food supposed to increase my happiness quotient? 2. technical the number which is obtained when one number is divided by another |
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Swuatter |
someone who lives in an empty building or on a piece of land without permission and without paying rent |
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Evict |
to tell someone legally that they must leave the house they are living in |
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Institutional racism |
Institutional racism (also known as systemic racism) is a form of racism expressed in the practice of social and political institutions. |
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Ethnic minority |
a group within a community which has different national or cultural traditions from the main population. |
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Expel |
to officially force someone to leave a school or organization ⇨ expulsion expel somebody from something Two girls were expelled from school for taking drugs. The main opposition leader was expelled from her party. expel somebody for doing something He was expelled for making racist remarks. 2. to force a foreigner to leave a country, especially because they have broken the law or for political reasons |
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Genocide |
the deliberate murder of a whole group or race of people ⇨ ethnic cleansing: |
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Extremist |
adverb: ↑extremely] someone who has extreme political opinions and aims, and who is willing to do unusual or illegal things in order to achieve them: The bomb was planted by right-wing extremists. —extremist adjective |
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Incite |
to deliberately encourage people to fight, argue etc ⇨ encourage: |
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Racial hatred |
DescriptionEthnic hatred, inter-ethnic hatred, racial hatred, or ethnic tension refers to feelings and acts of prejudice and hostility towards an ethnic group in various degrees. See list of anti-ethnic and anti-national terms for specific cases. There are multiple origins for ethnic hatred and the resulting ethnic conflicts. Wikipedia |
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Unrest |
a political situation in which people protest or behave violently: There is growing unrest throughout the country. political/social/industrial etc unrest The protests were the biggest show of social unrest since the government came to power. |
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Unrest |
a political situation in which people protest or behave violently: There is growing unrest throughout the country. political/social/industrial etc unrest The protests were the biggest show of social unrest since the government came to power. |
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Unrest, riots, and anarchy |
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Asylum |
protection given to someone by a government because they have escaped from fighting or political trouble in their own country apply for/seek/be granted asylum He has been granted asylum in France. ⇨ ↑political asylum |
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Political asylum |
the right to stay in another country if you cannot live safely in your own country because of the political situation there: Refugees were seeking political asylum in Britain. No country would grant (=give) him political asylum. |
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Dissident |
someone who publicly criticizes the government in a country where this is punished: a political dissident —dissident adjective [only before noun]: dissident writers —dissidence noun [uncountable] |
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Forcibly |
1. using physical force: The police threatened to have protestors forcibly removed. 2. in a way that has a strong clear effect SYN powerfully: The case was forcibly put by the speaker. |
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Atrocity |
قساوت، ستم بسیار countable] an extremely cruel and violent action, especially during a war |
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Picket line |
a boundary established by workers on strike, especially at the entrance to the place of work, which others are asked not to cross. "they crossed the picket line" |
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Outcast |
مطرود someone who is not accepted by the people they live among, or who has been forced out of their home SYN pariah: Smokers often feel as though they are being treated as social outcasts. —outcast adjective |
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Intimidate |
to frighten or threaten someone into making them do what you want intimidate somebody into doing something They tried to intimidate the young people into voting for them. Attempts to intimidate her failed. 2. to make someone feel worried and not confident: The whole idea of going to Oxford intimidated me. —intimidation /ɪnˌtɪməˈdeɪʃən, ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/ nou |
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Destitute |
1. having no money, no food, no home etc: The floods left many people destitute. 2. be destitute of something literary to be completely without something: a man who is destitute of mercy —destitution /ˌdestəˈtjuːʃən, ˌdestɪˈtjuːʃən $ -ˈtuː-/ noun [uncountable] |
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Blackleg |
someone who continues to work when other workers are on ↑strike – used to show disapproval |
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Non-conformist |
someone who continues to work when other workers are on ↑strike – used to show disapproval |
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Conform |
1. to behave in the way that most other people in your group or society behave ⇨ conformist: the pressure on schoolchildren to conform conform to/with people who do not conform to traditional standards of behaviour 2. to obey a law, rule etc conform to/with Students can be expelled for refusing to conform to school rules. All new buildings must conform with the regional development plan. products which conform to international safety standards |
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Pester |
به ستوه اوردن - ذله کردن to annoy someone, especially by asking them many times to do something ⇨ harass: |
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Testosterone |
DescriptionTestosterone is the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. In male humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. |
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Despair |
1. a feeling that you have no hope at all in despair She killed herself in despair. the depths of despair (=very strong feelings of despair) The noise from the neighbours used to drive him to despair. to the despair of somebody To the despair of the workers, the company announced the closure of the factory. 2. be the despair of somebody old-fashioned to make someone feel very worried, upset, or unhappy: She is the despair of her teachers. |
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Sentiment |
1. [uncountable and countable] formal an opinion or feeling you have about something: Similar sentiments were expressed by many politicians. popular/public sentiment (=what most people think) He was more in touch with public sentiment than many of his critics. anti-American/anti-nationalistic/anti-religious etc sentiments the anti-immigrant sentiments expressed by some Americans ‘After all, it’s her decision.’ ‘My sentiments exactly (=I agree).’ REGISTER In everyday English, people usually say feeling rather than sentiment: ▪ They all expressed similar feelings. 2. [uncountable] feelings of pity, love, sadness etc that are often considered to be too strong or not suitable for a particular situation SYN emotion: |
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Polarize |
ormal to divide into clearly separate groups with opposite beliefs, ideas, or opinions, or to make people do this: The issue has polarized the country. —polarization /ˌpəʊləraɪˈzeɪʃən $ ˌpoʊlərə-/ noun [uncountable] |
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Bedsit |
تختخواب |
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Intrigued |
very interested in something because it seems strange or mysterious intrigued by/with He was intrigued by her reaction. intrigued to know/learn etc She was intrigued to know what he planned to do next. |
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Succession |
Latin successio, from succedere; ⇨ ↑succeed] 1. in succession happening one after the other without anything different happening in between: She won the championship four times in succession. in quick/rapid/close succession (=quickly one after the other) He fired two shots in quick succession. 2. a succession of something a number of people or things of the same kind, following, coming, or happening one after the other SYN stream: A succession of visitors came to the door. 3. [uncountable] the act of taking over an official job or position, or the right to be the next to take it ⇨ accession: If the prince dies, the succession passes to his son. succession to the queen’s succession to the throne |
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Wobbly tooth |
دندان لق |
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Monk |
راهب تارک دنیا a member of an all-male religious group that lives apart from other people in a ↑monastery ⇨ nun —monkish adjective |
