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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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hit the hay |
informal to go to bed |
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burn the candle at both ends |
informal to get very tired by doing things until very late at night and getting up early in the mornings |
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vig‧our British English, vigor American English /ˈvɪɡə $ -ər/ noun [uncountable] |
physical or mental energy and determination with vigour ©He began working with renewed vigour. |
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munch /mʌntʃ/ verb [intransitive, transitive] |
to eat something noisily munch on/at ©Barry sat munching on an apple. ©They’d munched their way through (=eaten all of) three packets of biscuits. |
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wind down phrasal verb |
1. wind something ↔ down to gradually reduce the work of a business or organization so that it can be closed down completely 2. to rest and relax after a lot of hard work or excitement ©I find it difficult to wind down after a day at work. 3. wind something ↔ down British English to make something, especially a car window, move down by turning a handle or pressing a button |
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fi‧er‧y /ˈfaɪəri $ ˈfaɪri/ ●○○ adjective |
4. fiery food or drink tastes very strong, making part of your body feel hot |
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for‧get‧ful /fəˈɡetfəl $ fər-/ adjective |
often forgetting things —forgetfully adverb —forgetfulness noun [uncountable] |
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cog‧ni‧tive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv $ ˈkɑːɡ-/ ●○○ adjective formal |
related to the process of knowing, understanding, and learning something cognitive psychology —cognitively adverb |
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on‧side /ˌɒnˈsaɪd◂ $ ˌɑːn-, ˌɒːn-/ adjective, adverb |
in a position where you are allowed to play the ball in sports such as football OPP offside |
Sport |
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very2 ●●○ S3 W3 adjective [only before noun] |
used to emphasize that you are talking exactly about one particular thing or person ©He died in this very room. ©I’ll start at the very beginning. ©Those were his very words. ©You’d better start doing some work this very minute (=now, not later). ©That might provoke a riot, the very thing he was trying to avoid. ©The very fact that you are reading this book suggests you want to improve your fitness. ©By its very nature, capitalism involves exploitation of the worker. ©His life’s work was being destroyed before his very eyes (=directly in front of him). ©the very thought/idea/mention (of something) (=just thinking about or suggesting something) ©The very thought of food made me feel ill. |
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mal‧le‧a‧ble /ˈmæliəbəl/ adjective |
1 technical something that is malleable is easy to press or pull into a new shape ©malleable steel 2. formal someone who is malleable can be easily influenced or changed by other people ©a malleable child —malleability /ˌmæliəˈbɪləti/ noun [uncountable] |
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home in on something phrasal verb |
1. to aim exactly at an object or place and move directly to it ©The bat can home in on insects using a kind of ‘radar’. 2. to direct your efforts or attention towards a particular fault or problem ©He homed in on the one weak link in the argument |
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marked /mɑːkt $ mɑːrkt/ ●●○ adjective |
1 [only before noun] very easy to notice SYN noticeable ©a marked lack of enthusiasm ©The patient showed a marked improvement in her condition after changing medication. ©Miller’s organized desk stood in marked contrast to the rest of the office. 2 → marked man/woman |
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marked man/woman |
a person who is in danger because someone wants to harm them |
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ˌoff-the-ˈshelf adjective, adverb |
already made and available in shops rather than being designed especially for a customer ©off-the-shelf database software |
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le‧git‧i‧mate1 /ləˈdʒɪtəmət/ ●●○ adjective |
1. fair or reasonable ©That’s a perfectly legitimate question. ©Most scientists believe it is legitimate to use animals in medical research. 2. acceptable or allowed by law ©Their business operations are perfectly legitimate. 3. a legitimate child is born to parents who are legally married to each other OPP illegitimate —legitimately adverb a legitimately elected government ©He complained quite legitimately about his treatment. —legitimacy noun [uncountable] ©Opponents have questioned the legitimacy of the ruling. |
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am‧o‧rous /ˈæmərəs/ adjective formal |
showing or concerning sexual love ©She resisted his amorous advances. ©He was always boasting about his amorous adventures. —amorously adverb |
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con‧cede /kənˈsiːd/ ●○○ verb |
1 ADMIT SOMETHING IS TRUE [intransitive, transitive] to admit that something is true or correct, although you wish it were not true → concession ©‘That’s the only possible solution.’ ‘Yes, I suppose so, ’ Charles conceded. concede (that) ©I conceded that I had made a number of errors. ► see thesaurus at admit 2. ADMIT DEFEAT [intransitive, transitive] to admit that you are not going to win a game, argument, battle etc → concession ©The Georgian forces defended the capital but were finally obliged to concede. ©In May 1949, Stalin conceded defeat and reopened land access to Berlin. |
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in plain sight |
American English if something is in plain sight, it is easy to see or notice, especially when it should be hidden ©Don’t leave your valuables in plain sight. |
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conjure something ↔ up phrasal verb |
1 to bring a thought, picture, idea, or memory to someone’s mind conjure up images/pictures/thoughts etc (of something) ©Dieting always seems to conjure up images of endless salads. 2. to make something appear when it is not expected, as if by magic ©Somehow we have to conjure up another $10,000. |
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ca‧ress1 /kəˈres/ verb [transitive] |
1. especially literary to touch someone gently in a way that shows you love them SYN stroke ©His hands gently caressed her body. ► see thesaurus at touch 2. literary to touch something gently, in a way that seems pleasant or romantic ©Waves caressed the shore. |
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loom1 /luːm/ ●○○ verb [intransitive] |
1. [always + adverb/preposition] to appear as a large unclear shape, especially in a threatening way loom up/out/ahead etc ©Suddenly a mountain loomed up in front of them. 2. if a problem or difficulty looms, it is likely to happen very soon ©An economic crisis is looming on the horizon. |
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e‧voke /ɪˈvəʊk $ ɪˈvoʊk/ ●○○ verb [transitive] |
to produce a strong feeling or memory in someone ©The photographs evoked strong memories of our holidays in France. ©His appearance is bound to evoke sympathy. ©Her speech evoked a hostile response. —evocation /ˌevəˈkeɪʃən, ˌiːvəʊ- $ ˌevə-, ˌiːvoʊ-/ noun [countable, uncountable] ©The poem is an evocation of lost love. |
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rem‧i‧nisce /ˌreməˈnɪs/ verb [intransitive] |
to talk or think about pleasant events in your past reminisce about ©a group of former students reminiscing about their college days ► see thesaurus at remember |
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dis‧traught /dɪˈstrɔːt $ -ˈstrɒːt/ adjective |
so upset and worried that you cannot think clearly ©Relatives are tonight comforting the distraught parents. ► see thesaurus at sad |
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grain‧y /ˈɡreɪni/ adjective |
a photograph that is grainy has a rough appearance, as if the images are made up of spots |
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ad‧a‧mant /ˈædəmənt/ adjective |
determined not to change your opinion or a decision that you have made ©She begged me to change my mind, but I remained adamant. adamant that ©Madonna is adamant that she will not tour this year. —adamantly adverb ©Britain is adamantly opposed to the new directive |
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shal‧low /ˈʃæləʊ $ -loʊ/ ●●● S3 adjective (comparative shallower, superlative shallowest) |
1. measuring only a short distance from the top to the bottom OPP deep ©a shallow river ©The lake is quite shallow. ©the shallow end of the pool ©Place the meat in a shallow dish. 2. not interested in or not showing any understanding of important or serious matters – used to show disapproval ©a shallow argument ©If he’s only interested in your looks, that shows how shallow he is. 3 → shallow breathing —shallowly adverb ©He lay there unconscious, breathing shallowly. —shallowness noun [uncountable] |
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descend on/upon somebody/something phrasal verb |
if a large number of people descend on a person or a place, they come to visit or stay, especially when they are not very welcome ©Millions of tourists descend on the area every year. |
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pro‧cliv‧i‧ty /prəˈklɪvəti $ proʊ-/ noun (plural proclivities) [countable] |
formal a tendency to behave in a particular way, or to like a particular thing – used especially about something bad proclivity to/towards/for ©The child showed no proclivity towards aggression. ©his sexual proclivities |
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either side/end/hand etc |
both sides, ends, hands etc SYN each ©He sat in the back of the car with a policeman on either side. ©There are shops at either end of the street. |
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in‧tes‧tine /ɪnˈtestɪn/ noun [countable] |
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bowels |
[plural] the system of tubes inside your body where food is made into solid waste material and through which it passes out of your body → intestine ©move/empty/open your bowels (=get rid of solid waste from your body) |
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veer /vɪə $ vɪr/ verb [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] |
1. to change direction veer off ©A tanker driver died when his lorry veered off the motorway. ©The plane veered off course. ©Follow the path and veer left after 400m. ©The wind was veering north. 2. if opinions, ideas, attitudes etc veer in a particular direction, they gradually change and become quite different ©This latest proposal appears to veer in the direction of Democratic ideals. ©The conversation veered back to politics |
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snap judgment/decision |
a judgment or decision made quickly, without careful thought or discussion |
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weave1 /wiːv/ ●○○ verb (past tense wove /wəʊv $ woʊv/, past participle woven /ˈwəʊvən $ ˈwoʊ-/) |
1. CLOTH ETC [intransitive, transitive] to make cloth, a carpet, a basket etc by crossing threads or thin pieces under and over each other by hand or on a loom ©hand-woven scarves ©Only a few of the women still weave. ©traditional basket weaving 2 STORY [transitive] to put many different ideas, subjects, stories etc together and connect them smoothly ©She weaves a complicated plot of romance and intrigue. weave something together ©the complex patterns which evolve when individuals’ lives are woven together 3 → weave your magic/weave a spell 4. MOVE (past tense and past participle weaved) [intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive] to move somewhere by turning and changing direction ©a lot cyclists weaving in and out of the traffic weave your way through/to etc something ©Lori spotted them as they weaved their way through the tables. |
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fall for somebody/something phrasal verb informal |
1. to be tricked into believing something that is not true ©He is too smart to fall for that trick. 2. to start to love someone ©That was the summer I worked at the fairground, and met and fell for Lucy. 3. to like a place as soon as you see it |
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dai‧ry /ˈdeəri $ ˈderi/ ●●○ noun (plural dairies) [countable] |
1. a place on a farm where milk is kept and butter and cheese are made 2. a company which sells milk and sometimes makes other things from milk, such as cheese 3 → dairy products/produce |
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dairy products/produce |
milk, butter, cheese etc |
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loom2 noun [countable] |
a frame or machine on which thread is woven into cloth |
Craft |
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fair‧ground /ˈfeəɡraʊnd $ ˈfer-/ noun [countable] |
an open space on which a fair takes place |
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the aforementioned law |
mentioned before in an earlier part of a document, article, book etc ©The property belongs to the aforementioned Mr Jones |
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ap‧pre‧hend /ˌæprɪˈhend/ verb [transitive] |
1 formal if the police apprehend a criminal, they catch him or her SYN arrest ©The police have failed to apprehend the culprits. ► see thesaurus at catch 2. old-fashioned to understand something ©They were slow to apprehend the danger |
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forth‧right /ˈfɔːθraɪt $ ˈfɔːrθ-/ adjective |
direct and honest – used in order to show approval SYN straightforward ©She answered in her usual forthright manner. |
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con‧scious /ˈkɒnʃəs $ ˈkɑːn-/ ●●○ S3 W3 adjective |
1. AWARE [not before noun] noticing or realizing something SYN aware conscious of (doing) something ©I became conscious of someone watching me. ©I was very conscious of the fact that I had to make a good impression. conscious that ©She was conscious that Marie was listening to every word. 2. AWAKE awake and able to understand what is happening around you OPP unconscious ©The driver was still conscious when the ambulance arrived. 3 → conscious effort/decision/attempt etc 4. CONCERNED thinking a lot about or concerned about something politically/environmentally/socially etc conscious ©environmentally conscious consumers health-conscious/fashion-conscious etc ©Many employers are becoming more safety-conscious. conscious of ©She was very conscious of security. → self-conscious 5. THOUGHTS conscious thoughts, memories etc are ones which you know about → subconscious ©the conscious mind ©Without conscious thought, she instinctively placed a hand on his arm. ©It affects the audience at a deeper, less conscious level |
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conscious effort/decision/attempt etc |
an effort etc that is deliberate and intended ©Vivien had made a conscious effort to be friendly. |
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in‧va‧sive /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ adjective |
1. invasive medical treatment involves cutting into someone’s body ©invasive surgery 2. an invasive disease spreads quickly and is difficult to stop ©invasive bladder cancers 3. an invasive plant spreads quickly in a garden or other area, so that it becomes a problem |
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drift off phrasal verb |
to gradually fall asleep ©I was just drifting off when the phone rang. ©He felt himself drifting off to sleep |
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taper off phrasal verb |
to decrease gradually ©Profits may be tapering off in the near future |
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wean somebody off/from something phrasal verb |
to make someone gradually stop doing something you disapprove of ©advice on how to wean yourself off nicotine |
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prod1 /prɒd $ prɑːd/ verb (prodded, prodding) [intransitive, transitive] |
1. to quickly push something or someone with your finger or a pointed object SYN poke ©‘Don’t go to sleep, ’ she said, prodding me in the ribs. prod at ©Theo prodded at the dead snake. 2. to make someone do something by persuading or reminding them that it is necessary, especially when they are lazy or unwilling prod somebody into (doing) something ©It had prodded Ben into doing something about it. ©The strike may prod the government into action. —prodding noun [uncountable] ©He’s a bright kid, but he needs prodding |
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de‧lir‧i‧ous /dɪˈlɪriəs/ adjective |
1. talking continuously in an excited or anxious way, especially because you are ill ©He suffered an attack of malaria and was delirious. 2. extremely excited or happy delirious with ©He was delirious with joy.—deliriously adverb |
Illness & disability |
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i‧rate /ˌaɪˈreɪt◂/ adjective |
extremely angry, especially because you think you have been treated unfairly SYN furious ©an irate customer |
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se‧date1 /sɪˈdeɪt/ verb |
to give someone drugs to make them calm or to make them sleep ©He was still in shock, and heavily sedated. Grammar Sedate is often used in the passive. |
Hospital |
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plague1 /pleɪɡ/ ●○○ noun |
1. [countable] a disease that causes death and spreads quickly to a large number of people ©drops in population levels due to plagues and famines 2. [uncountable] (also the plague) a very infectious disease that produces high fever and swollen places on the body, and often leads to death, especially bubonic plague → Black Death ©The plague caused 100,000 deaths in London alone in the 1600s. 3 → a plague of rats/locusts etc → avoid somebody/something like the plague(2) |
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pre‧rog‧a‧tive /prɪˈrɒɡətɪv $ -ˈrɑː-/ noun [countable usually singular] |
a right that someone has, especially because of their importance or social position prerogative of ©Education was once the prerogative of the elite. ©Arriving late is a woman’s prerogative. ©the royal prerogative (=the rights of kings and queens) |
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ap‧palled /əˈpɔːld $ əˈpɒːld/ ●○○ adjective |
very shocked and upset by something very bad or unpleasant appalled by ©I was appalled by what I saw. appalled at ©He was appalled at how dirty the place was. ©When I heard what had happened I was absolutely appalled. ► see thesaurus at shocked |
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un‧er‧ring /ʌnˈɜːrɪŋ/ adjective |
always right ©He passes the ball with unerring accuracy. —unerringly adverb |
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sub‧sume /səbˈsjuːm $ -ˈsuːm/ verb [transitive] |
formal to include someone or something as a member of a group or type, rather than considering it separately subsume somebody/something under something ©A wide range of offences are usually subsumed under the category of robbery. |
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whup /wʌp/ (also whop) verb (past tense and past participle whupped, present participle whupping) [transitive] informal especially American English |
1. to defeat someone easily in a sport or fight ©I’m gonna whup your ass (=defeat you very easily). 2. to hit someone and hurt them very badly, especially using something such as a belt |
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dine on/off something phrasal verb formal |
to eat a particular kind of food for dinner, especially expensive food ©We dined on lobster and strawberries |
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af‧flu‧ent /ˈæfluənt/ ●○○ adjective formal |
having plenty of money, nice houses, expensive things etc SYN wealthy ©affluent families an affluent society/area etc the affluent Côte d'Azur ► see thesaurus at rich —affluence noun [uncountable] |
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umbrella term/word/title etc |
a word whose meaning includes many different types of a particular thing ©District nurses, health visitors, and school nurses will come under the umbrella term ‘community nursing’ |
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en‧try /ˈentri/ ●●● S3 W2 noun (plural entries) |
a) something that you write, make, do etc in order to try and win a competition ©The winning entry will be published in our April issue. ©What’s the closing date for entries? b) [usually singular] the number of people or things taking part in a competition ©We’ve attracted a record entry this year |
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com‧mend /kəˈmend/ ●○○ verb [transitive] formal |
1. to praise or approve of someone or something publicly commend somebody for something ©Inspector Marshall was commended for his professional attitude. ©The paper was highly commended in the UK Press Awards. ► see thesaurus at praise |
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con‧duct2 /ˈkɒndʌkt $ ˈkɑːn-/ ●●○ AWL noun [uncountable] formal |
1. the way someone behaves, especially in public, in their job etc SYN behaviour ©The Senator’s conduct is being investigated by the Ethics Committee. ©an inquiry into the conduct of the police ethical/professional etc conduct ©the Law Society’s Code of Professional Conduct improper/violent/offensive etc conduct ©his arrest for disorderly conduct (=noisy violent behaviour) ► see thesaurus at behaviour |
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being drunk and disorderly |
law the crime of behaving in a violent noisy way in a public place when you are drunk |
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cul‧prit /ˈkʌlprɪt/ noun [countable] |
1. the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong → victim ©Police finally managed to catch the culprit. 2. informal the reason for a particular problem or difficulty ©High production costs are the main culprit |
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ˈthink tank noun [countable] |
a group of people with experience or knowledge of a particular subject, who work to produce ideas and give adviceright-wing/liberal/economic etc think tank a leading member of a Tory think tank |
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treach‧e‧rous /ˈtretʃərəs/ adjective |
1 someone who is treacherous cannot be trusted because they are not loyal and secretly intend to harm you a sly and treacherous woman a treacherous plot to overthrow the leader2 ground, roads, weather conditions etc that are treacherous are particularly dangerous because you cannot see the dangers very easily treacherous mountain roads Strong winds and loose rocks made climbing treacherous.► see thesaurus at dangerous—treacherously adverb |
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up‧side1 /ˈʌpsaɪd/ noun [singular] |
especially American English the positive part of a situation that is generally bad OPP downside The upside of the whole thing is that we got a free trip to Jamaica. |
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trans‧lit‧e‧rate /trænzˈlɪtəreɪt $ træns-/ verb [transitive] |
to write a word, sentence etc in the alphabet of a different language or writing system—transliteration /trænzˌlɪtəˈreɪʃən $ træns-/ noun [countable, uncountable] |
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skew /skjuː/ verb [transitive] |
1 if something skews the results of a test etc, it affects them, making them incorrect All the people we questioned lived in the same area, which had the effect of skewing the figures.2 to affect or influence someone’s ideas, actions, or judgment, especially in a way that makes the ideas etc not correct or fair These assumptions about Communism skewed American foreign policy for decades. |
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re‧wind /riːˈwaɪnd/ verb (past tense and past participle rewound /-ˈwaʊnd/) [transitive] |
to make a cassette tape or video go backwards in order to see or hear it again → fast forward |
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ˌfast-ˈforward verb [intransitive, transitive] |
1 to wind a tape or video forwards quickly in a machine without playing it2 to move quickly to a later point in a storyfast-forward to Fast-forward to York at the turn of the century.—fast-forward noun [uncountable] |
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dub1 /dʌb/ verb (dubbed, dubbing) [transitive] |
1 to give something or someone a name that describes them in some way → label, namebe dubbed something The body, thousands of years old, was found in the Alps and dubbed ‘The Iceman’.2 to change the original spoken language of a film or television programme into another languagebe dubbed into something a British film dubbed into FrenchGrammarDub is usually passive in meanings 1 and 2. |
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give somebody the bird |
a) American English informal to make a very rude sign at someone by holding your middle finger upb) British English to show strong disapproval of someone who is performing or speaking in public, by shouting, making rude noises etc |
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broad‧band /ˈbrɔːdbænd $ ˈbrɒːd-/ ●●○ noun [uncountable] |
1 technical a system of sending radio signals, that allows several messages to be sent at the same time2 a system of connecting computers to the Internet and moving information, such as messages or pictures, at a very high speed—broadband adjective [only before noun] |
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ˌfront-ˈrunner noun [countable] |
the person or thing that is most likely to succeed in a competition the front-runner in June’s presidential election |
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pre‧dom‧i‧nant‧ly /prɪˈdɒmənəntli $ -ˈdɑː-/ ●●○ AWL adverb |
mostly or mainly The city’s population is predominantly Irish. |
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pre‧dom‧i‧nant‧ly /prɪˈdɒmənəntli $ -ˈdɑː-/ ●●○ AWL adverb |
mostly or mainly The city’s population is predominantly Irish. |
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cel‧lu‧lar /ˈseljələ $ -ər/ adjective |
a cellular telephone system works by using a network of radio stations to pass on signals a cellular network |
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in‧di‧spen‧sa‧ble /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl◂/ ●○○ adjective |
someone or something that is indispensable is so important or useful that it is impossible to manage without them SYN essentialindispensable to This book is indispensable to anyone interested in space exploration.indispensable for/in (doing) something Meat is not indispensable for maintaining a healthy diet. Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our lives.► see thesaurus at useful |
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spin off phrasal verb |
to make part of a company into a separate and partly independent company, or to become a separate companyspin something ↔ off At the time of the merger, Loral spun off its space divisions into a separate firm.from Lucent spun off from AT&T several years ago. |
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ven‧e‧ra‧ble /ˈvenərəbəl/ adjective |
1 [usually before noun] formal a venerable person or thing is respected because of their great age, experience etc – often used humorously venerable financial institutions the venerable guitarist Pat Martino a venerable tradition |
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row3 /raʊ/ noun British English |
1 [countable] a short angry argument, especially between people who know each other well SYN quarrelrow with He had just had a row with his wife.row about What was the row about? a family row a blazing row (=a very angry argument)► see thesaurus at argument2 [countable] a situation in which people disagree strongly about important public matters SYN controversyrow about/over a new row over government secrecy |
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prompt1 /prɒmpt $ prɑːmpt/ ●●○ W3 verb |
1 [transitive] to make someone decide to do somethingprompt somebody to do something What prompted you to buy that suit? |
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back3 ●●● S2 W3 verb |
1 SUPPORT [transitive]a) to support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influence The scheme has been backed by several major companies in the region. Some suspected that the rebellion was backed and financed by the US. government-backed loansb) (also back up) to support an idea by providing facts, proof etc His claims are not backed by any scientific evidence.► see thesaurus at supportGrammarBack is usually passive in this meaning. |
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squat2 adjective |
short and thick or low and wide, especially in a way which is not attractive squat stone cottages a squat little old man |
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lon‧gev‧i‧ty /lɒnˈdʒevəti $ lɑːn-, lɒːn-/ noun [uncountable] |
1 the amount of time that someone or something liveslongevity of the greater longevity of women compared with men The worms have a longevity of about two years.2 long life or the long time that something lasts The ancient Chinese claimed that garlic promoted longevity.3 the amount of time that something lastslongevity of the longevity of an athlete’s career |
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be/become attuned to something |
to be or become familiar with the way someone thinks or behaves so that you can react to them in a suitable way ©British companies still aren’t really attuned to the needs of the Japanese market. |
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schiz‧o‧phren‧ic1 /ˌskɪtsəʊˈfrenɪk◂, -sə- $ -soʊ-, -sə-/ adjective |
1. relating to schizophrenia 2. quickly changing from one opinion, attitude etc to another ©The film was an example of schizophrenic movie-making at its worst |
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ne‧far‧i‧ous /nɪˈfeəriəs $ -ˈfer-/ adjective formal |
evil or criminal nefarious activities such as drug trafficking and fraud |
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u‧biq‧ui‧tous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ ●○○ adjective formal |
seeming to be everywhere – sometimes used humorously ©Coffee shops are ubiquitous these days. ©a French film, starring the ubiquitous Gérard Depardieu ► see thesaurus at common —ubiquitously adverb —ubiquity noun [uncountable] |
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stim‧u‧lus /ˈstɪmjələs/ ●○○ noun (plural stimuli /-laɪ/) |
1. [countable usually singular, uncountable] something that helps a process to develop more quickly or more strongly ©Tax cuts provided the stimulus which the slow economy needed. stimulus to ©The discovery of oil acted as a stimulus to industrial development. 2. [countable] something that makes someone or something move or react ©At this age, the infant begins to react more to visual stimuli. |
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a‧cu‧i‧ty /əˈkjuːəti/ noun [uncountable] formal |
the ability to think, see, or hear clearly ©A motorist needs good visual acuity |
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foil2 verb [transitive] |
to prevent something bad that someone is planning to do ©A massive arms-smuggling plan has been foiled by the CIA. Grammar Foil is often used in the passive. |
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life‧span /ˈlaɪfspæn/ ●○○ noun [countable] |
the average length of time that someone will live or that something will continue to work → lifetime ©Men have a shorter lifespan than women. a lifespan of 5 days/10 years etc ©A TV set has an average lifespan of 11 years |
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fru‧i‧tion /fruˈɪʃən/ noun [uncountable] formal |
if a plan, project etc comes to fruition, it is successfully put into action and completed, often after a long processcome to/bring to/reach fruition His proposals only came to fruition after the war. Many people have worked together to bring this scheme to fruition. |
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ma‧lign1 /məˈlaɪn/ verb [transitive] |
to say unpleasant things about someone that are untrue SYN slander She had seen herself repeatedly maligned in the newspapers. a much maligned politician |
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