Read My Lips Exam 1

Front 1

What is sound?

Back 1

A vibration through a medium. Must have mass and elasticity

Front 2

What is amplitude?

Back 2

Size of the pressure of a sound; measured in Pascals; related to loudness of sound

Front 3

Threshold of human hearing

Back 3

.00002 Pascals or 0 dB

Front 4

What is a decibel used for ?

Back 4

Unit expressing difference between two sound pressures

Front 5

What is frequency?

Back 5

How fast a sound travels; time between compression cycles; relates to pitch of sound

Front 6

What is Hertz?

Back 6

Unit of frequency

Front 7

Highest sound we can hear in Hertz?

Back 7

20,000 Hz

Front 8

Lowest sound we can hear in Hertz?

Back 8

20 Hz

Front 9

Periodic sounds?

Back 9

Repeat themselves; requires vibration of vocal cord;
ex: vowels and musical notes

Front 10

Aperiodic sounds?

Back 10

Do not repeat themselves; no vibration in vocal cord;
ex: noise, certain consonant sounds

Front 11

Two primary parts of outer ear?

Back 11

Pinna and Ear Canal

Front 12

Functions of outer ear?

Back 12

Boosts frequency sounds by 20 dB
Ear wax protects middle and inner ear

Front 13

Beginning and end of middle ear?

Back 13

eardrum to cochlea

Front 14

Key structure of middle ear?

Back 14

Ossicles

Front 15

What are ossicles?

Back 15

Made up of Malleus, Incus, and Stapes bones; form a link between outer and inner ear

Front 16

Primary funcion of middle ear?

Back 16

Impedance Mismatch: compensates for loss of sound energy when going from air filled outer ear to fluid filled inner ear (ossicles restore 28 out of 30 dB lost)

Front 17

Eustachian Tube?

Back 17

Connects middle ear to upper part of throat (nasopharnyx) ; equalizes air pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane and drains fluid from middle ear

Front 18

3 main structures of Inner Ear

Back 18

Cochlea, Vestibule, and Semicircle Canals

Front 19

Cochlea

Back 19

Auditory portion of inner ear; contains Organ of Corti; fluid filled

Front 20

Organ of Corti

Back 20

Sensory organ for hearing

Front 21

Basilar Membrane

Back 21

Carries vibration; "traveling wave"

Front 22

Inner Hair Cells

Back 22

One row; send signals to brain; primarily responsible for sensation of hearing

Front 23

Outer Hair Cells

Back 23

3 rows; do not send signals to brain; amplifies vibration on basilar membrane

Front 24

Where are cortical areas located?

Back 24

Left side of brain

Front 25

What are the two cortical areas and what do they do?

Back 25

Broca and Wernicke's area; important for speech and understanding; damage can cause aphasia

Front 26

Biggest cause of hearing loss?

Back 26

Noise Exposure

Front 27

Major causes of hearing loss in young people?

Back 27

Loud headphone use; listening to high level sounds for longer

Front 28

Signs of hearing loss?

Back 28

Ringing/ fullness in ears; difficulty understanding people in noise

Front 29

Conductive hearing loss?

Back 29

Damage to outer of middle ear (conducting mechanisms of ear)

Front 30

Sensorineural hearing loss?

Back 30

Damage to inner ear/ auditory nerve
Damage to hair cells

Front 31

Which can be cured: Conductive or Sensorineural hearing loss?

Back 31

Conductive

Front 32

Presbycusis?

Back 32

Age related hearing loss (sensorineural); specific cause unknown but genetic predisposition

Front 33

Acoustic Trauma?

Back 33

Noise induced hearing loss (sensorineural)

Front 34

Other causes of hearing loss?

Back 34

Drugs, viral infections, infection in brain

Front 35

Rate of newborns with hearing loss?

Back 35

2-4 children in 1,000 (8,000 to 16,000 a year)

Front 36

Causes of hearing loss in children?

Back 36

Genetics, Syndromic (ex. downs syndrom), environmental, lack of oxygen

Front 37

Hearing Aid

Back 37

Small device that amplifies sound; for people with mild-severe hearing loss

Front 38

Cochlear Implant

Back 38

Implantable surgical device; only for people with severe-profound hearing loss; must try hearing air first

Front 39

Define deaf

Back 39

condition of not hearing

Front 40

Define Deaf

Back 40

group of people who use American Sign Language and share a culture

Front 41

Number of people using American Sign Language?

Back 41

250,000-500,000 in USA and Canada

Front 42

Two main parts of Cochlear Implant?

Back 42

Internal (implanted part) and External (speech processor)

Front 43

Electronic part of Cochlea Implant?

Back 43

Converts sound into energy and electrically stimulates auditory nerve fibers (auditory nerve must be working for CI to work)

Front 44

Number of people using cochlea implants?

Back 44

Over 70,000

Front 45

Candidates for Cochlea Implants (Adults 18 and older)

Back 45

Hearing aid did not work
Have severe-profound hearing loss in both ears
No medical issues
Strong desire to hear

Front 46

Candidates for Cochlear Implants (Children 12 and under)

Back 46

Profound hearing loss in both ears
No benefit from hearing aid after 3-6 months of use
No medical issues

Front 47

How Cochlear Implant works

Back 47

- Finds useful sounds and sends them to brain
- Speech processor only sends some sounds to brain

Front 48

Parts of Cochlear Implant

Back 48

- Microphone: picks up sound and
converts it to energy
- Speech processor: processes electrical signal
- Transmitter/ Coil: Sends electrical signal through skin via radio waves
- 2 magnets: one on transmitter and one on receiver
- Internal Receiver: Receives radio waves and sends signal to electric array

Front 49

Factors affecting success of Cochlear Implant

Back 49

- How long the person has been deaf
- Number of auditory nerve fibers
- Motivation to learn to hear

Front 50

Average cost of Cochlear Implant

Back 50

$40,000

Front 51

Forms of nonverbal communication

Back 51

Physical, Aesthetic (creative expression; ex. music), Signs (mechanical), and Symbol

Front 52

Static features of nonverbal communication

Back 52

Distance, Orientation (face to face?), Posture, Physical Contact

Front 53

Dynamic features of nonverbal communication

Back 53

Facial Expressions, Gestures, and Looking