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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glycolysis can be divided into what 2 major segments?
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investment of ATP energy (steps 1-5) and the remaining rxns of the pathway (steps 6-10)
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Reaction 1
the substrate glucose is phosphorylated by the enzyme __ in a coupled phosphorylation reaction. the source of phosphoryl group is ATP. At first, this reaction seems contrary to the overall purpose of catabolism, the production of ATP. The expenditure of ATP in these early reactions must be thought of as an "investment" |
hexokinase
see photo5 |
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Reaction 2
the glucose-6-phosphate formed in the 1st reaction is rearranged to produce the structural isomer __. the enzyme __ catalyzes this isomerization. the result is that the C-1 carbon of the 6-carbon sugar is exposed; it is no longer part of the ring structure |
fructose-6-phosphate
phosphoglucose isomerase see photo 6 |
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Reaction 3
a second energy investment is catalyzed by the enzyme __. the phosphoanhydride bond in ATP is hydrolyzed, and a __ linkage between the phosphryl group and the C-1 hydryoxyl group of fructose-6-phosphate is formed. the product is __ |
phosphosfructose isomerase
phosphoester 1,6-biphosphate see photo 7 |
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Reaction 4
Fructose-1,6-biphosphate is split into 2 3-carbon intermediates in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme __. the products are __ and __ |
aldolase
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate see photo 8 |
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Reaction 5
Because G3P is the only substrate that can be used by the next enzyme in the pathway, the dihydroxyacetone phosphate is rearranged to become a 2nd molecule of G3P. the enzyme that mediates this isomerization is __ |
triose phosphate isomerase
see photo 9 |
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Reaction 6
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized to a carboxylic acid in a reaction catalyzed by __. this is the FIRST step in glycolysis that harvests energy, and it involves the reduction of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) |
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
see photo 10 |
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Reaction 7
energy is harvested in the form of ATP. the enzyme __ catalyzes the transfer of the phosphoryl group of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to ADP. this is the first substratelevel phosphorylation of glycolysis and it produces ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate |
phosphoglycerate kinase
see photo 11 |
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Reaction 8
3-phosphoglycerate is isomerized to produce __ in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme __. |
2-phosphoglyerate
phosphoglycerate mutase see photo 12 |
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Reaction 9
the enzyme __ catalyzes the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate. the energy rich product is __, the highest energy phosphorylated compound in metabolism |
enolase
phosphoenolpyruvate see photo 13 |
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Reaction 10
final substrate is catalyzed by __. the final product of glycolysis is? |
pyruvate kinase
pyruvate see photo 14 |
