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4 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is an Acid Anhydride formed? |
Formed by the removal of water from two Carboxylic acid molecules
2Carboxylic acid molecules -> acid anhydride + water |
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Acid anhydride + phenol -> ? |
Phenyl ester + Carboxylic acid Less reactive than acyl anhydrides, useful for lab reactions where acyl chlorides may be too reactive
Ethanoic anhydride + phenol -> phenyl ethanoate + ethanoic acid |
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Draw and describe the 2-step mechanism of ethanoyl chloride and a nucleophile (e.g. water). Include the name of mechanism. Explain what happens to electron pairs and the C=O bond. |
1. Addition Lone pair of electrons from nucleophile attracted to and donated to +ve Carbon atom of acyl chloride - dative covalent bond formed between nucleophile and carbon atom. C=O bond breaks, forms -vly charged intermediate
2. Elimination Lone pair of electrons in oxygen reform the C=O, causing a chloride ion to be removed. A proton is then lost to complete elimination.
Name: Nucleophilic addition-elimination
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Carboxylic acid, acyl chloride and acid anhydride. List in increasing order of reactvity |
Carboxylic acid, acid anhydride, acyl chloride |
