Re Religious Philosophy & Ultimate Questions Aqa B

Front 1

What is the First Cause Argument?

(Cosmological argument)

Back 1

The argument that everything must have been started off (caused by) something else.

Front 2

Define the Design Argument

(Theological argument)

Back 2

The world must have been designed by someone or something as things are designed for a purpose.

Front 3

What is Argument from Morality?

Back 3

People have a conscience. Theists believe the voice which tells us what is right/wrong is god.

Front 4

What is Argument from Religious Experience?

Back 4

An experience that is out of the ordinary involving the supernatural (god). It is convincing as ones personal emotion has weight on their thoughts.

Front 5

Define the term 'Theist'

Back 5

Someone who believes in god.

Front 6

Define an 'Atheist'

Back 6

Someone who denies the existence of god absolutely.

Front 7

Define an 'Agnostic'

Back 7

Someone who believes the existence of god is neither certain nor impossible. But there is not enough evidence to make an absolute decision.

Front 8

Define a 'miracle'

Back 8

Events that are out of the ordinary and against what we believe as the rules of science.

Front 9

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Back 9

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Front 10

Why is Evil a problem?

Back 10

Evil is what separates humans from god. Christians find it a problem as they see god as a symbol of 'love'. Why would a god of love allow us and others to suffer?

Front 11

Define 'God is Omnipotent'

Back 11

All Powerful

Front 12

Define 'God is Omnipresent'

Back 12

All Present

Front 13

Define 'Eternal'

Back 13

Ever lasting

Front 14

Define 'Natural Evil'

Back 14

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunami's .etc

Front 15

What is Moral Evil?

Back 15

Any evil that is down to human choices.

Front 16

What is Metaphysical Evil?

Back 16

Supernatural evil.

Front 17

Define 'Devil'

Back 17

When evil is given a face or personality.

Front 18

Define 'Conscience'

Back 18

Inner conception of what is right or wrong.

Front 19

What is suffering?

Back 19

To be in pain/distressed/experience hardship/ experience stress.

Front 20

What is the problem of suffering?

Back 20

Suffering is the result of evil.

Front 21

Define 'Karma' (Hinduism)

Back 21

By choices or actions over a humans lifetime, positive/negative karma is built. The nature of the karma affects the humans next physical life when they are reincarnated.

Front 22

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Back 22

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Front 23

Explain the term 'Body' in reference to philosophy.

Back 23

Our body is physical. Has a limited/finite life-span. It ages and dies: it is mortal.

Front 24

Explain the term 'Soul' in reference to philosophy.

Back 24

Our soul is physical. It is infinite. It does not age or die: it is immortal.

Front 25

Define 'Reincarnation'

Back 25

The idea that our body dies but our soul migrates to a new physical form when we are reborn.

Front 26

What is a 'spiritual body'?

Back 26

What Christians believe we are given when we are resurrected.

Front 27

What do we mean by a 'legacy'

Back 27

The sense that we remember people based on what they have done within their lifetime.

Front 28

What is the belief of 'Dualism'?

Back 28

The belief that there are two distinct parts of a human: mind and soul. They are linked in life but separate at death.

Front 29

What is 'channelling'?

Back 29

Mediums and spiritualists say that they have a gift whereby they can see and contact the dead. They give messages to the living.

Front 30

Define 'Heaven'

Back 30

The state of eternal happiness in the presence of God that Christians believe will be granted to the faithful after their life.

Front 31

Define 'Hell'

Back 31

A state of eternal separation from God, seen as punishment for Sin.

Front 32

Define 'Purgatory'

Back 32

Intermediate state after physical death in which those destined for heaven "undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven".

Front 33

Define 'Judgement'

Back 33

The ability to make considered decisions or come to sensible conclusions.

Front 34

Define 'Repentance'

Back 34

Act of being sorry for wrongdoing and deciding not to do it again.

Front 35

Define 'Forgiveness'

Back 35

Showing grace and mercy and pardoning someone for what they have done wrong.

Front 36

Define 'Immortality'

Back 36

Endless life or existence, life after death.

Front 37

Define 'Resurrection'

Back 37

Belief that the person is raised from the dead in some form. This could either be in physical form or an immortal soul.

Front 38

What is a 'Near Death Experience'

Back 38

Some people when they are close to death or in an intense operation situation, claim to have had a sense of themselves leaving their bodies and seeing what exists beyond this life

Front 39

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Back 39

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Front 40

Define 'Truth'

Back 40

What is correct/believed to be correct.

Front 41

What is 'religious truth'?

Back 41

Truth which is believed or felt to a point where scientific proof/evidence is not required.

Front 42

What is 'Scientific Truth'?

Back 42

Truth where you can use your five senses to prove something.

Front 43

Define 'Historical Truth'

Back 43

Truth based upon primary sources and our own deductions as we can't personally experience it.

e.g. Henry VIII had 6 wives

Front 44

Define 'Individual Truth'

Back 44

Things which we personally think are true and important to ourselves.

e.g. I hate the taste of ...

Front 45

Define 'Collective Truth'

Back 45

Things which groups of people think are true and important.

e.g. Football supporters

Front 46

Define 'Relative Truth'

Back 46

A truth that can change according to circumstance.

Front 47

Define 'Absolute Truth'

Back 47

Something that everyone will always agree with.

Front 48

Define 'Literal Truth'

Back 48

When you take something word for word.

e.g. Adam and Eve. People literally believe everyone came from two people.

Front 49

What is 'Evolution'?

Back 49

Life began with very simple cells which later developed/mutated into more complex life forms (that we see today).

Front 50

Explain 'Intelligent Design'

Back 50

Evolution may be accepted but god as the intelligent designer steers evolution into a particular direction. i.e. the development of humans.

Front 51

What is 'fine-tuning'

Back 51

Theory of evolution is correct but an intelligence may have made small changes so life could develop.

Front 52

What is the 'Big Bang Theory'?

Back 52

A huge expansion in the universe created all the stars and planets, including Earth.

Front 53

What is: Mankind in the "Image of God"

Back 53

Everyone should be treated with proper respect and honour because they reflect God and god created life.

Front 54

Explain the 'Cosmological Revolution'

Back 54

A proof for the existence of God based on the idea that there had to be an uncaused cause that made everything else happen, cosmological = to do with the nature of the universe

Front 55

Define 'Interpretation'

Back 55

Assignment of meanings to various concepts, symbols, or objects under consideration.

Front 56

Define 'Steward'

Back 56

A caretaker for someone else.

Front 57

Define 'Literal'

Back 57

Taking words in their usual or most basic sense without metaphor or exaggeration.

Front 58

Define 'Metaphor'

Back 58

A figure of speech that identifies something as being the same as some unrelated thing for rhetorical effect that, usually, provides clarity

Front 59

Define 'Creationist'

Back 59

Someone who believes the universe and life originated "from specific acts of divine creation."