Re Ii Ch.4 Qualitative

Front 1

most qualitative studies share:

Back 1

1) focus on naturalistic inquiry in situ
2) researcher as instrument of data collection
3) narrative over numbers

Front 2

qualitative methods primarily associated with process or outcome evaluations?

Back 2

process, that is, the hows and whys of the program

Front 3

qualitative methods favor depth or breadth?

Back 3

depth, qualitative methods not suited to evals requiring data from lots of respondents

Front 4

qualitative methods also suitable for what kind of evaluation:

Back 4

formative, where primary goal is improving program prior to full implementation

Front 5

qualitative units of analysis

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typically individuals, but also any setting that are arenas of human activity organized around a program (agency, group home, hospital etc)

Front 6

gatekeeper

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individuals in the organization whose involvement is needed to conduct the study

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key informants

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individuals especially knowledgeable and willing to share their knowledge

Front 8

deviant case sampling

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driven by need to learn about the outliers

Front 9

typical case sampling

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focus on those who typify the norm

Front 10

maximum variation sampling

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cases that cut across wide variations in program processes or outcomes

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snowball sampling

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essential when population of interest is isolated, hard to reach, or suspicious of outsiders

Front 12

convenience sampling

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taking advantage of cases at hand; least purposeful method

Front 13

3 basic forms of data

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1) field notes generated by on-site observation
2) transcriptions and other documentation from in-depth interviewing
3) documents and other sources of existing data

Front 14

choice of data collection mode driven by:

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goals of the evaluation and availability of resources

Front 15

on-site observation also known as:

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ethnography, fieldwork, participant observation

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central to on-site observation is

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researcher as instrument

Front 17

researcher as instrument:

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ability to enter program setting, gain rapport with participants, unobtrusively observe "natives"

Front 18

saturation

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occurs when data analyses begin to reveal repetition and redundancy

Front 19

emic code

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indigenous categories of meaning

Front 20

etic code

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researcher-constructed categories of meaning

Front 21

not reliability and validity but

Back 21

credibility or trustworthyness

Front 22

six strategies for rigor

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prolonged engagement, triangulation of data, peer debriefing, member checking, negative case analysis, audit trail

Front 23

triangulation of data

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relying on more than one type of data to corroborate findings and enhance accuracy of interpretations

Front 24

peer debriefing

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having knowledgeable peers monitor potential sources of bias

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member checking

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returning to respondents with preliminary findings to seek verification or clarification, helps keep researcher grounded in subjective meaning of respondents

Front 26

negative case analysis

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the obligation to search for cases that refute rather than affirm, the emerging findings; deliberately pursuing rival explanations

Front 27

audit trail

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thorough documentation of the steps taken and decisions made during analyses

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prolonged engagement

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staying engaged in the field long enough to develop trust and nonsuperficial degree of understanding about what is happening

Front 29

temporal sequencing

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mixed method design in which qualitative and quantitative methods used at different point in time

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concurrent design

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mixed method design in which both qualitative and quantitative methods used at the same time

Front 31

CBPR

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community-based participatory research

Front 32

forms of activist, action research

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empowerment evaluation, participatory evaluation, CBPR

Front 33

RE, RTE, RAPs

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rapid evaluation, real-time evaluation, rapid assessment procedures