R&e Ch. 7

Front 1

Audiovisual Materials?

Back 1

- consist of images or sounds that are collected by the qualitative researcher to help understand the central phenomenon under study. Photographs, videotapes, digital images, paintings and pictures, and physical traces of images (eg. Footsteps in the snow) are all sources of information for qualitative inquiry.

Front 2

Changing Observational Role?

Back 2

is one in which researchers adapt their role to the situation, such as entering a site and observing as a nonparticipant and then later becoming a participant.

Front 3

Confirming and Disconfirming Sampling?

Back 3

is a purposeful strategy used during a qualitative study to follow up on specific cases to test out or explore further specific findings.

Front 4

Critical Sampling?

Back 4

is a qualitative purposeful sampling strategy in which the researcher collects data at one point in time.

Front 5

Data Recordings Protocols?

Back 5

are forms designed and used by qualitative researchers to record information during observations and interviews.

Front 6

Descriptive Field notes?

Back 6

record a description of the events, activities, and peoples (Eg. What happened).

Front 7

Documents?

Back 7

consist of public and private records that qualitative researchers can obtain about a site or participants in a study, such as newspapers, minutes of meetings, personal journals, or diaries.

Front 8

Email Interview?

Back 8

consist of collecting open-ended data through interviews from individuals using technology of websites or the internet.

Front 9

Extreme Case Sampling?

Back 9

is a form of purposeful sampling in which the researcher studies an outlier case or one that displays extreme characteristics.

Front 10

Field notes?

Back 10

are text (or words) recorded by the researcher during an observation in qualitative study.

Front 11

Focus Group Interview?

Back 11

involve the researcher locating or developing a survey instrument, convening a small group of people-typically a group of four to six people- who can answer the questions asked on the instrument, and recording their comments about the questions on the instrument.

Front 12

Gatekeepers?

Back 12

are individuals who have an official or unofficial role at the site, provide entrance to a site, help researchers locate people, and assist in the identification of places to study.

Front 13

Homogenous Sampling?

Back 13

is a purposeful sampling strategy in which the researcher samples individuals or sites based on membership in a subgroup with defining characteristics.

Front 14

Interviews?

Back 14

occur when researchers ask one or more participants general, open-ended questions and record their answers.

Front 15

Interview Protocol?

Back 15

is a form designed by the researcher that contains instructions for the process of the interview, the questions to be asked, and space to take notes on responses from the interviewee.

Front 16

Maximal Variation Sampling?

Back 16

is a purposeful sampling strategy in which the researcher samples cases or individuals who differ on some characteristic.

Front 17

Nonparticipant Observer?

Back 17

is an observational role adopted by researchers when they visit a site and record notes without becoming involved in the activities of the participants.

Front 18

Observation?

Back 18

is the process of gathering firsthand information by observing people and places at a research site.

Front 19

Observational Protocol?

Back 19

is a form designed by the researcher before data collection, that is used for taking field notes during an observation.

Front 20

One-on-one Interview?

Back 20

are the data collection process is which the researcher asks questions to and records answers from only one participant in the study at a time.

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Open-ended Questions?

Back 21

consist of questions posed by the researcher in which the participant provides his or her own responses to questions.

Front 22

Open-ended Response?

Back 22

to a question allow the participant to create the options for responding.

Front 23

Opportunistic Sampling?

Back 23

is purposeful sampling undertaken after the research begins, to take advantage of unfolding events.

Front 24

Participant Observer?

Back 24

is an observational role adopted by researchers in which they take part in activities in the setting they observe.

Front 25

Reflective Field notes?

Back 25

record personal thoughts that researchers have that relate to their insights, hunches, or broad ideas or themes that emerge during an observation.

Front 26

Purposeful Sampling?

Back 26

is a qualitative sampling procedure in which researchers intentionally select individuals and sites to learn or understand the central phenomenon.

Front 27

Telephone Interview?

Back 27

are used to gather data using the telephone and asking a small number of general questions.

Front 28

Theory or Concept Sampling?

Back 28

is a purposeful sampling strategy in which individuals or sites are sampled because they can help the researcher generate or discover a theory or specific concept within the theory.