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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common site for vertebral fracture or subluxation in the rabbit?
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L6/L7
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The forelimb of the rabbit has ___ digits while the hindlimb has___.
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-forelimb has 5
-hindlimb has 4 |
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What is the dental formula for the adult rabbit?
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I2/1, C0/0, P3/2, M3/3 (no deciduous molars)
Permanent teeth begin to erupt at 5 weeks of age. |
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How are rabbits classified in terms of dentition?
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Aridicular hypsodonts
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Rabbit incisors erupt at a rate of ___, while the cheek teeth erupt at ___.
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incisors: 2-2.5mm/week
cheek teeth: 2-2.5mm/month |
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Most rabbits moult approximately ___.
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twice per year
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Where are the scent glands in the rabbit located?
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-chin
-inguinal folds -anus |
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Where is the "blind spot" in rabbit?
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just below the mouth
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Name 3 features of the rabbit's eye.
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-no tapetum lucidum
-merangiotic retina -natural depression in the optic disc |
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What predisposes rabbits to corneal ulceration?
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Rabbits only blink 10-12 times per hour.
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Why don't rabbits vomit?
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-they lack a vomiting centre in the brain
-they have a well developed cardiac sphincter |
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The terminal ileum of the rabbit enlarges into a dilation called the ____ at the ____.
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-sacculus rotundus
-ileocaecocolic junction |
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In the rabbit, the ____ is the site of separation of particles based on length. The digestible fraction is propelled ___.
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-the proximal colon
-propelled retrograde to the caecum |
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What is the function of the fusus coli?
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This structure, found at the junction of the distal and proximal colon, is unique to rabbits. It is a thickened, circular muscle that acts as an intestinal pacemaker.
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What is the predominant organism in the caecum of the rabbit?
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Bacteriodes
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What is the function of caecotrophs in the rabbit?
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-aid in absorption of nutrients (Vitamines B and K)
-maximize bacterial fermentation products (amino acids, volatile fatty acids) |
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Which lymphoid gland continues to be present in the adult rabbit?
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The thymus
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Rabbits have a _____ kidney.
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unipapillate (one papilla and calyx enter the ureter)
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Calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of the rabbit occurs independently of ____.
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Vitamin D
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Rabbits are induced ovulators, but are only receptive every ___.
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5-6 days
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The normal gestation for the rabbit is ___, while pseudopregnancy lasts ___.
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normal pregnancy: 28-32
pseudopregnancy: 18d |
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Maternal transfer of antibiodies in the rabbit ____.
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occurs after birth
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Name 4 characteristics of the female rabbit's reproductive tract that differs from the dog.
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-no uterine body
-two separate uterine horns are long and coiled -ovaries are elongate and lie caudally -paired cervices |
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____, one of the most common problems seen in rabbits, is due to lack of wear on the cheek teeth.
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Acquired dental disease
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In acquired dental disease in rabbits, overgrowth of the ___ and ___ leads to ___ of the teeth and ____ of surrounding bone.
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In acquired dental disease in rabbits, overgrowth of the crown and apices leads to bending of the teeth and deformation of surrounding bone.
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When extracting incisors in rabbits, always remember to tell the owner ____.
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the incisors can grow back.
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Outline the ideal rabbit diet.
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-2% concentrates (1-2Tbs formulated pellets per day or as treats)
-28% vegetables, herbs, and small amount of fruits (small handful once daily) -70% quality grasses/hay |
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____ fibre length is needed to stimulate proper gut motility in the rabbit.
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0.3-0.5mm
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What is the typical IV fluid rate for rabbits?
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100ml/kg/d
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Outline a treatment protocol for GI hypomotility in the rabbit.
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-Analgesia (buprenorphine, butorphanol, meloxicam, carprofen)
-Fluid therapy (100ml/kg/d) -Nutritional Support (syringe feed high fibre diet 4-5 X per day) -Prokinetics (ranitidine, metoclopramide) -Break down gas (dimethicone) |
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Gas seen in the stomach of a rabbit on radiographs is considered ____.
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an emergency and immediate decompression may be needed.
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What is the causative agent of Tyzzer's disease in the rabbit?
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Clostridium piliforme
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Why is cholestyramine used to treat clostridial disease in the rabbit?
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Cholestyramine binds bacterial toxins and clostridial cytotoxin and endotoxin
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Caecotrophy is _____ in the transmission of coccidia in rabbits.
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not involved
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Name two primary causes of torticollis in the rabbit.
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-bacterial otitis internal (typically pasteurella multocida)
-Encephalitozoon cunuculi |
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Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a ____ which causes ____ in the ____ of the rabbit.
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Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a potentially zoonotic protozoan which causes granulomatous inflammation in the brain and spinal cord of the rabbit.
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Name some causes of upper respiratory tract infection in rabbits.
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-Bacterial: Pastuerella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Staph aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pulmonis
-Viral: Myxomatosis, Herpes virus -Allergic -Neoplastic -Traumatic: foreign bodies, necrotising tracheitis |
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Which antibiotics should not be used in the treatment of Pastuerellosis in rabbits due to resistance?
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clindamycin, lyncomycin, streptomycin, sulfonamides
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There is a 50-80% higher incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma in what groups of rabbits?
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-Dutch
-French silver -Havana -tan breeds > 4years old |
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What are primary and secondary causes of dacryocystitis in the rabbit?
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1°-pasteurellosis
2°-acquired dental disease (most common) |
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What is the causative agent of "Rabbit Syphilis"?
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the spirochaete Treponema cuniculi
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Cheyletiella parasitovorax is carried by many rabbits without clinical signs. Why is it treated?
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it is zoonotic causing papular dermatitis in people
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What is a common cause of otitis externa in the rabbit?
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Psoroptes cuniculi
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Chronic pododermatitis in the rabbit can progress to ____.
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osteomyelitis
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If moist dermatitis in the rabbit is left untreated, it can lead to ___.
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myiasis
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Name some unique features of the rabbit heart.
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-the right atrioventricular valve has only 2 cusps
-there is very little coronary collateral circulation -conductive tissue differs |
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What is the normal heart rate of the rabbit?
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185-250beats/min
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Name some causes of both congenital and acquired heart disease in the rabbit.
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Congenital:
-ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, valvular cysts Acquired: -Bacterial: pasteurellosis, staph, streptococcus viridans, salmonella -Viral: coronavirus, herpesvirus -Nutritional: Vit E deficiency -Parasitic: encephalitozoon cuniculi, trypanosoma cruzi -Toxic: alpha agonists, catecholamines -Misc: stress, old age changes -idiopathic: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mitral valve insufficiency, tricuspid valve insufficiency |
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What is the blood volume of the rabbit? How much of this can be safely removed for venipuncture?
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Blood volume: 55-78ml/kg
up to 10% of this can be taken during venipuncture (5-7% of BW or roughly 0.5ml/100gm) |
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Name 3 types of crystals that are common findings in rabbit urine.
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-calcium carbonate
-calcium oxalate -struvite |
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In rabbits, ___ white cell count is associated with chronic disease.
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low
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Name some unique features of white cell counts in rabbits.
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-total white cell count fluctuates diurnally
-leukocytosis does not occur in bacterial infection, stress, or exogenous corticosteroid administration |
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What is the most important aspect of the differential white cell count in rabbits?
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the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio
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Hyperglycaemia in rabbits can be used as a prognostic indicator in ____.
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gut stasis or intestinal obstruction
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Which 3 antibiotics can cause fatal gastrointestinal dysbiosis in rabbits?
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-clindamycin
-lyncomycin -ampicillin (oral penicillin and cephalosporins should also be avoided) |
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Which parasticide should be avoided in rabbits?
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Fipronil (Frontline)
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Temperatures above ___ can cause heat stress in rabbits.
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22 degrees C
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What agents can be used to decrease the formation of adhesions post-surgery in rabbits?
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Ca channel blockers (verapamil)
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In the guinea pig, the front feet have ___ while the hind feet have ____.
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4 in front
3 in hind |
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Male guinea pigs have large ___ which may be confused for uterine horns on laparotomy.
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seminiferous vesicles
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Maintenance fluid rates for guinea pigs and chinchillas are ____.
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100ml/kg/day
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In the chinchilla, the front feet have ___ while the hind feet have ____.
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4 in front
4 in hind |
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What is the dental formula for guinea pigs and chinchillas?
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I 1/1
C 0/0 PM 1/1 M3/3 |
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When a guinea pig or chinchilla fails to perform caecotrophy, ____ should be administered.
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Vitamin B and K
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What is the most significant ectoparasite of the guinea pig?
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Trixacarus caviae causing sarcoptic mange
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What parasite of the guinea pig can cause dermatitis in humans?
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Trixacarus caviae
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Why are chinchillas fairly prone to ectoparasites?
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their dense fur
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Gliricola porcelli and gyropus ovalis are the _____ which are found commonly around the ___.
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-guinea pig lice
-ears |
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What ectoparasite, causing pruritus and scaling along the dorsum, can infest guinea pigs, cats, rabbits, chinchillas, and humans?
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Cheyletiella parasitovorax
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What are the causative factors behind chelitis in the guinea pig?
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Staphylococcus aureus infection secondary to feeding of abrasive or acidic food items
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What are predisposing factors for pododermatitis in the guinea pig?
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-obesity
-poor hygiene -hypovitaminosis C -wire flooring |
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Gliricola porcelli and gyropus ovalis are the _____ which are found commonly around the ___.
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-guinea pig lice
-ears |
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What ectoparasite, causing pruritus and scaling along the dorsum, can infest guinea pigs, cats, rabbits, chinchillas, and humans?
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Cheyletiella parasitovorax
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What are the causative factors behind chelitis in the guinea pig?
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Staphylococcus aureus infection secondary to feeding of abrasive or acidic food items
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Treatment for pododermatitis is often unsuccessful because _____.
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chronic infection can lead to amyloidosis.
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What is the guinea pig fur mite?
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Chirodiscoides Caviae
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Gliricola porcelli and gyropus ovalis are the _____ which are found commonly around the ___.
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-guinea pig lice
-ears |
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What ectoparasite, causing pruritus and scaling along the dorsum, can infest guinea pigs, cats, rabbits, chinchillas, and humans?
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Cheyletiella parasitovorax
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What are the causative factors behind chelitis in the guinea pig?
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Staphylococcus aureus infection secondary to feeding of abrasive or acidic food items.
Possibly pox infection? |
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Treatment for pododermatitis is often unsuccessful because _____.
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chronic infection can lead to amyloidosis.
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____ is extremely common in female guinea pigs presenting with bilateral symmetrical alopecia.
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Cystic ovarian disease
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What is the dietary Vitamin C requirement for guinea pigs? What are some common presenting signs?
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10mg/kg/d (rising to 30mg/kg/day during pregnancy)
CS: -roughened hair coat -scaling of pinnae -haemorrhage into joints leading to calcification or arthritis -cystitis -dental disease -cheilitis -skin disease |
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How long does Vitamin C last in feed post milling?
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90 days
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What is the most common cutaneous neoplasia in guinea pigs and chinchillas?
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Trichofolliculoma
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Fur chewing and barbering in guinea pigs and chinchillas are associated with:
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-stress
-overcrowding -low fibre diet -dietary deficiencies -heredity -boredom -dermatophytes |
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Adult male chinchillas are susceptible to forming ____ which can lead to paraphimosis.
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fur rings around the base of the penis or prepuce
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Adult male guinea pigs are prone to ____.
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faecal impaction
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Pseudotuberculosis in guinea pigs and chinchillas is caused by ___ and often not treated given the ____ implications.
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yersinia
zoonotic |
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_____ is normally found in the gastrointestinal tract of guinea pigs and chinchillas, but overgrowth due to antibiotic use can cause fatal enterotoxaemia. What antibiotics should be avoided?
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Clostrida spiriforme
-oral Penicillins -Clindamycin -Lincomycin -Erythromycin |
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Name some causes of parasitic enteritis in chinchillas and guinea pigs.
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-Eimeria caviae
-trichomonas -giardia -entamoeba -cryptosporidium |
