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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deductive Argument
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Theory is an explanation of phenomena that is tested by examining hypotheses
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Inductive Argument
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Focus is on analyzing distinct phenomena that co-occur to identify the underlying causal factor
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Scientific Argument
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Convince/Persuade
Other points of view consider open-mided to contradiction collegial relationship engage in conversation |
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How Inductive and Deductive Reasoning work together
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Theories developed inductively
Hypotheses test Theories deductively |
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Deductive Argument
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Theory is an explanation of phenomena that is tested by examining hypotheses
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Inductive Argument
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Focus is on analyzing distinct phenomena that co-occur to identify the underlying causal factor
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Scientific Argument
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Convince/Persuade
Other points of view consider open-mided to contradiction collegial relationship engage in conversation |
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How Inductive and Deductive Reasoning work together
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Theories developed inductively
Hypotheses test Theories deductively |
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Strong Inference
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Test Several competing hyptheses that are mutually exclusive
Devise a crucial experiment (can prove or disprove) Hypothesis with most support becomes starting point for next |
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Analogical Reasoning
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If 2 things are similar to eachother in some respects they will probably be different in others
Specific to Specific |
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Unexpected Findings
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50% of the time
New starting point for successful researchers Unsuccessful researchers engage in confirmation bias |
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Distributed Reasoning
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Together as a research team to develop your theory
Diversity of skills and abilities leads to better outcomes No competing goals or domination by one member |
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Abductive Reasoning
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Observe and study research issue
look for patterns in observations to create theory generate competing hypotheses Experimentally test hypotheses "Inference to best explanation" |
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Biased Thinking
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Confirmation Bias
Assimilations Bias Reification Correlation is not causation |
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Ineffective Arguments
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Ad Hominem
StrawMan Appeals to Authority or Tradition Appeals to Emotion or Intuition |
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Two Groups
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Olympia Academy - Einstein
Inklings - Tolkan and C.S. Lewis |
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Draft Writing
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Madman
Architect Engineer Communicator |
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Introduce Research Issue 1
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Establish Importance
What is known Key Concepts Uknown about topic |
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Goals for Inroduction
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Establish topic is worth study
Establish need for more study |
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State Theoretical Exlanation
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State proposed theory
Explain how your theory logically accounts for what is unknown |
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Review Related Research
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Each Paragraph addresses one major point in your argument
supporting sentences for topic sentence |
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Literature Review
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Establish your theory is logical
Set stage for Hypothesis Overview of Area |
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Introduce Current Study and Hypotheses
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Next logical step to take in research
Introduce study with operational definitions |
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Revising and Editing your Writing
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1. Paragraph level
- topic sentence and supporting sentences 2. Paragraph structure 3. Sentence Level |
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Working as a Team
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Forming
Storming Norming Performing |
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Confict Resolution
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Use Positive and Negative Feedback
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