Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 3 principles of cell therapy? |
1. All living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the most basic unit of structure and function in all living things. 3. All cells are created by pre-existing cells |
|
|
What are the 2 types of cells that make up all living things? |
1. Eukaryotes 2. Prokaryotes |
|
|
Which type of cell has a nucleus? |
Eukaryotic cells |
|
|
Which type of cells have membranes bound organelles? |
Eukaryotic cells |
|
|
Which type of cells have plasmids? |
Prokaryotic cells |
|
|
What is another name for the cell surface membrane? |
The plasma membrane |
|
|
What does the plasma membrane control? |
Entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell. |
|
|
What does the plasma membrane consist of? |
A phospholipid bilayer with proteins. |
|
|
The nucleus contains the cells genetic information, in the form of what molecule? |
DNA |
|
|
In the nucleus, DNA is combined with proteins known as histones to form what? |
The chromatin (also known as the chromatin network). |
|
|
What is a smaller, darker, sphere inside a nucleus known as? |
A nucleolus |
|
|
What does a nucleolus produce? |
RNA (Ribonucleic acid) |
|
|
Mitochondria are the site of which chemical reaction? |
Aerobic respiration |
|
|
Which energy molecule does aerobic respiration produce? |
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) |
|
|
What are the shelves inside a mitochondrion known as? |
Cristae |
|
|
What is the role of the ribosomes? |
Protein synthesis |
|
|
Which molecule attaches to a ribosome to assemble amino acids into proteins? |
mRNA (messenger RNA) |
|
|
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to it? |
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) |
|
|
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is responsible for synthesising, storing and transporting what? |
Lipids |
|
|
The Golgi apparatus is a stack of flattened sacs, know as what? |
Cisternae (singular cisterna) |
|
|
The Golgi apparatus modifies what? |
Proteins |
|
|
What is formed when the ends of the cisternae are pinched off? |
Golgi vesicles |
|
|
The Golgi apparatus forms what other organelles that are used to break down worn out cell components, bacteria and viruses? |
Lysosomes |
|
|
What do lysosomes contain? |
Digestive enzymes |
|
|
Centrioles are involved in the formation of the spindle in which process? |
Cell division (mitosis) |
|
|
Chloroplasts are only found in which cells? |
Plant cells |
|
|
Chloroplasts are the site of what chemical reaction? |
Photosynthesis |
|
|
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesise nutrients from what? |
Carbon dioxide and water |
|
|
What do plant cell walls mainly consist of? |
Cellulose |
|
|
What are vacuoles? |
Fluid filled sacs containing a dilute solution of molecules and ions. |
|
|
What can vacuoles be used to store? |
Mineral salts, amino acids, sugars and waste products. |
|
|
Every cell (except sperm or eggs) contains in it's nucleus every single one of an organism's genes. What is this known as? |
The genome of the organism. |
|
|
What is the process by which a cell changes from one type to another? |
Differentiation |
|
|
What are stem cells? |
Stem cells are a type of cell that can differentiate to form specialised cells. |
|
|
What do prokaryotic cell walls consist of? |
Murein/peptidoglycan |
