Ravilya Preventive Immunization

Front 1

contraindication for MMR

Back 1

Unusual or serious
adverse events following the administration of the MMR have not been
documented in HIV-infected children who were not severely immunocompromised.
Because measles may cause a severe infection in HIV-infected
persons, vaccination is recommended if no immunosupression is present.
Live vaccines should be avoided during pregnancy. Patients with leukemia
in remission may receive live vaccines only if chemotherapy has been terminated
for at least three months. An oral dose of 2 mg/kg or 20 mg of
prednisone for two weeks or more is considered sufficient to induce
immunosuppression and warrants concern about the safety of administration
of a live vaccine.

Front 2

1 what could allowed infection despite adequate vaccination.

2 could be responsible for the less severe symptoms noted in this outbreak.

3 what is Antigenic drift
4 what is Antigenic shift

5 Antigenic shift could lead to

6 what could result
in influenza cases with high case fatality rates seen previously with this
strain.

7 what would herd immunity decrease?

Back 2

1 Antigenic drift is most likely the cause of changes in the strain that allowed infection despite adequate vaccination.

2 Partial immunity or mutation to a
less-virulent strain (also due to antigenic drift) could be responsible for the less severe symptoms noted in this outbreak.

3 Antigenic drift is a slow and
progressive change in the antigenic composition of microorganisms. This
alters the immunological responses of individuals and a populations susceptibility to that microorganism.

4 Antigenic shift is a sudden change in the molecular structure of a microorganism and produces new strains.
5 This results in little or no acquired immunity to these new strains and is the explanation for new epidemics or pandemics.

6 Vaccine failure would result
in influenza cases with high case fatality rates seen previously with this
strain.

7 Herd immunity would decrease the rate of infection by decreasing
the probability that a susceptible person would come into contact with an infected person. This would not affect the clinical presentation of those infected.

Front 3

Prophylaxis is most appropriate for
following infections?
CD??
1 p carinni
2 MAC
3 cryptococcus
4 toxopl
5 TB

Back 3

1 for P. carinii --- with a CD4 + T cell count of under 200/μL or
CD4 % of less than 15%.

2 MAC --- CD4 cell count is < 100/μL
or 50μL.

3 cryptococcus is optional depending on the risk amd CD < 50/μL.


4 medications used for toxoplasmosis have severe . e., they do not
make good choices for primary prophylaxis.

Fortunately, patients receiving
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or dapsone or pyrimethamine for prophylaxis of PCP have a decreased incidence of toxoplasmosis.

5 Candidates for TB preventive therapy in HIV-infected persons include persons with a PPD ≥5
mm who have not previously received treatment for TB,

1 persons with a contact with an infectious case,
2 persons with prior untreated/inadequately treated/healed without treatment TB, 3 persons at high risk of acquiring
TB because of living in jails or homeless shelters.

Front 4

has been associated with
the recall of rotavirus vaccine

Back 4

The rotavirus vaccine was rapidly removed from the market (a few
months after the CDC had recommended its use) because of reports of
intussusception ocurring in infants within three weeks of vaccination

Front 5

Pneumococcal vaccine PPV23/PCV7)

PCV7 is now recommended for



Other indications for pneumococcal vaccine include

Back 5

Pneumococcal vaccine PPV23 is not
effective in children less than 2 years of age.
A heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been approved for use in children 23 months and younger.

PCV7 is now recommended for universal use for all children under
23 months, including those at high risk (which includes HIV infection).

Other indications for pneumococcal vaccine include persons over the age of 65 and those with anatomical or functional asplenia, nephrotic syndrome, sickle cell
disease, chronic heart and lung disease, cirrhosis of the liver, and diabetes