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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Q001. (3) causes of viral Esophagitis
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A001. HSV; VZV; CMV
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Q002. (5)* causes of Bacterial Esophagitis
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A002. My Pnew Strep Lacts Crypt:; Mycobacterium TB;; Pneumocystis Carnii;; Strep;; Lactobacillus;; Cryptospordium
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Q003. *When is a Barium Esophagram the best initial test?; when is it the most accurate?; (3)
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A003. Dysphasia (that shows no signs of obstruction...for obstruction it would be Upper Endoscopy); most accurate:; 1. Esoph Webs; 2. Esoph Rings; 3. Esoph Diverticuli
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Q004. Dx: Odynophagia (pain with swallowing), dysphagia, esophageal bleeding, N/V, chest pain, (or asymptomatic)
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A004. Infectious Esophagitis
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Q005. Dx: Infectious esophagitis with nodular filling defects on barium esophagram; Tx?
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A005. Candida; Tx: Fluconazole PO
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Q006. Causes: Infectious esophagitis with vesicles and descrete erosions on endoscopy; (2); Tx?
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A006. HSV or VZV; Tx: Acyclovir for HSV
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Q007. Dx: Infectious esophagitis with intranuclear inclusions on biopsy via endoscopy; Tx?
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A007. CMV; Tx: Ganciclovir IV
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Q008. Who should upper endoscopy screening be offered to?; (2)
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A008. 1. Patients with GERD and Symptom for > 5 years (to check for Barrett's esophagus); 2. Patients with Esophageal varices
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Q009. Dx: A Full-thickness tear usu in the weak left posterolateral wall of distal esophagus; (3) causes?
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A009. Boerhaave's Syndrome; Causes:; Forceful vomiting;; Cough;; Trauma
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Q010. Dx: A Partial-thickness tear usu in the right posterolateral wall of the distal esophagus and results in bleeding that resolves spontaneously; Cause?
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A010. Mallory-Weiss syndrome; Cause: Forceful vomiting
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Q011. medical Tx for non-bleeding Esophageal Varices
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A011. Propranolol
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Q012. What is the next step in the Tx of a patient with GERD that has persistent Symptom after 4 weeks of Tx with a PPI?
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A012. 24-hour Esophageal pH recording
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Q013. If patient has mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema, what esophageal problem do they have?
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A013. Full-thickness tear; (Boerhaave's syndrome)
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Q014. Dx sign: "Crunching sound" heard with heartbeat; what is it due to?
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A014. "Hammon's crunch" (Mediastinal emphysema); From: Full-thickness esophageal tear (Boerhaave's syndrome)
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Q015. *What is the Diagnostic test of choice for Boerhaave's syndrome or a partial esophageal perforation?; What is the most accurate test?
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A015. Dx test: Gastrograffin (water-soluble contrast); most accurate: CT scan
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Q016. Tx for esophageal tear; (1 for each type)
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A016. Partial-thickness (Mallory-Weiss): may resolve spontaneously; Full-thickness (Boerhaave's): Surgery
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Q017. Definition: Pharyngeal or esophageal pouch due to a defect in the muscular wall of the posterior hypopharynx
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A017. Zenker's Diverticulum
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Q018. Dx: Halitosis, regurgitation of food after eating it, frequent aspiration, esophageal obstruction
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A018. Zenker's Diverticulum
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Q019. Dx test for Zenker's Diverticulosis; (2 possible); Tx (2 possible)
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A019. Tests: Barium swallow;; Endoscopy; Tx:; Surgical removal;; Cricopharyngeal myotomy
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Q020. Dx: 56-yo man complains of food feeling "stuck" on its way down and vomiting food he ate days ago
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A020. Zenker's Diverticulum
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Q021. Definition: Neurogenic disorder of esophageal motility with absence of normal peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the LES
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A021. Achalasia
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Q022. Definition: Esophageal motility disorder with frequent non- peristaltic contractions
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A022. Diffuse Esophageal Spasms; (DES)
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Q023. What esophageal problem affects 70% of people with Scleroderma?
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A023. Achalasia
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Q024. What type of problem does dysphagia to solids and liquids indicate?; (2 examples); To just solids?; (3 examples)
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A024. Solids + Liquids: Motility problem (Achalasia; DES); Solids only: Mechanical problem (Tumor; Schatzki's ring; Plummer-Vinson syndrome)
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Q025. Dx: weight loss, cough, dysphagia of both solids and liquids, "bird's beak" on CXR; Tx options?; (2 drugs and 2 procedures)
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A025. Achalasia; Tx options:; Nitroglycerin;; Local Botulinum toxin;; Balloon Dialation;; Sphinctor Myotomy
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Q026. Dysphagia to both solids and liquids, diffuse chest pain, "corkscrew" appearance on CXR; DES Drug Tx options? (2 possible)
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A026. Diffuse Esophageal Spasms (DES); Tx options:; 1. Nitroglycerin;; 2. Anticholinergics
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Q027. When is an Esophageal Manometry the test of choice?; (2)
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A027. 1. an Inconclusive Barium or upper endoscopy; 2. Description of a Motility problem (Achalasia, DES, Nutcracker esophagus)
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Q028. Etiology of Achalasia; (2)
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A028. Scarring of Auerbach's plexus from: Chagas Disease; or Ganglionic degeneration
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Q029. Definition: Hypopharyngeal webs (thin mucosal structures protruding into lumen of the esophagus) associated with iron deficiency anemia
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A029. Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
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Q030. Definition: Narrow lower esophageal ringlike outgrowth associated with dysphagia
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A030. Schatzki's Ring
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Q031. Etiology of GERD; (4)*
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A031. HIDE:; Hiatal hernia;; Incompetent LES tone; Delayed Gastric emptying;; Esopageal motility decreased
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Q032. (5)* causes of Delayed Gastric Emptying
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A032. Delayed Food GAG: DM;; Fatty foods;; Gastroparesis;; Anticholinergics;; Gastric outlet obstruction
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Q033. (8)* causes of a decreased LES tone
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A033. Coffee CAN Cause Esophageal Sphinctor Problems:; Coffee;; Chocolate;; Alcohol;; Nitrates;; Calcium channel blockers;; Estrogen;; Smoking;; Progesterone
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Q034. Differential of Chronic Cough; (3)*
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A034. GAP in breathing:; GERD;; Asthma / Chronic Bronchitis;; Post-nasal drip
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Q035. Dx: Substernal chest pain, dysphagia, hypersalivation, cough, wheezing
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A035. GERD
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Q036. What (3) lifestyle modifications should be told to patients with GERD?
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A036. Discontinue foods that lower LES tone;; Elevate head of bed;; No food < 3 hours before bed
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Q037. (2) drug Tx options for GERD; What can be done if medication doesn't work?
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A037. Proton Pump Inhibitor (1st);; H-2 Blocker; Final solution: Surgical fundoplication
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Q038. Definition: Esophageal damage, bleeding and friability due to prolonged exposure to gastric contents
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A038. Esophagitis
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Q039. (4)* complications of GERD
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A039. BEEP:; Barrett's Esophagus;; Esophagitis;; Esophageal cancer;; Peptic stricture
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Q040. (2) types of esophageal cancers and where each is formed in esophagus
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A040. Squamous: Upper 2/3 of esophagus; Adenocarcinoma: Lower 1/3 of esophagus
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Q041. Risk factors for CA of the esophagus; (7)*
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A041. ABCDEF:; Alcohol;; Barrett's esophagus;; Cigarettes;; Diverticuli (Zenker's);; Esophageal web (P-V synd), Esophagitis (reflux or irritants);; Familial
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Q042. What causes Barrett's?; What can it become?; How often should a patient with Barrett's have an upper endoscopy?
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A042. BARRett's: Becomes Adenocarcinoma, Results from Reflux; UE: Barrett's: every 2 - 3 years
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ggg
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what types
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what types
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what type
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odinophagia
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d/d of dysphagia
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key questions in dysphagia
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odinophagia
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ds
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