Rav Endocrinology Mass Effects Of Pituitary Adenomas

Front 1

what may be the primary clinical manifestation of a pituitary adenoma.

Back 1

The mass effects of an enlarging tumor

Front 2

what is common in clinical pict

Back 2

Headaches are common, and sudden worsening may indicate apoplexy.

Front 3

Macroadenomas abutting the optic chiasm can cause


if they invading the cavern sunious what could be ...

Back 3

visual field defects, and

those invading the cavernous sinus can cause cranial nerve palsies.

Front 4

when hypopituitarism s reversible

Back 4

Hypopituitarism is reversible in up to 50% of patients with pituitary adenomas after surgical decompression.

Front 5

occur in patients with stalk compression.

Back 5

Slightly elevated serum prolactin levels (generally, less than 100 ng/mL [100 µg/L])

Front 6

caused by pituitary tumors and should instead raise suspicion of a

Back 6

Diabetes insipidus is rarely craniopharyngioma.

Front 7

Therapy goals for pituitary adenomas are

Back 7

to reduce tumor mass (and any attendant mass effects), prevent tumor recurrence, and correct any hormone oversecretion without causing damage to the normal pituitary gland.

Front 8

what type of tx

Back 8

Except for prolactinomas, for which medical therapy is usually preferred, surgery is the primary mode of therapy for tumors that warrant intervention

Front 9

what approch...
complications?

Back 9

endoscopic endonasal approach. In experienced hands, complications of transsphenoidal surgery occur in less than 5% of patients and include transient diabetes insipidus, cerebrospinal fluid leak, hemorrhage, optic nerve injury, and hypopituitarism.

Front 10

Craniotomy, which is reserved for very large tumors, is associated with

Back 10

greater morbidity and mortality.

Front 11

when to use irradiation

Back 11

Irradiation is generally used as adjunctive therapy after surgery or in combination with medical therapy.

Front 12

gamma knife

Back 12

Radiation has generally been administered over 5 weeks, but recently, gamma knife or stereotactic radiotherapy administered over a single day from multiple ports has come into use.

Front 13

Primary radiation therapy is reserved for patients who

Back 13

cannot undergo surgery.

Front 14

Adjunctive radiotherapy is performed for

Back 14

any residual tumor and/or continued hormone hypersecretion.

Front 15

The most common complications include

Back 15

hypopituitarism, second tumors, and stroke; rarer complications are optic nerve damage, brain necrosis, and cognitive dysfunction