Rate Limiting Reactions

Front 1

RLS in cholesterol synthesis

Back 1

HMG Co A reductase

inhibited by cholesterol and statin drugs (competative inhibition with melvalonic acid)
this enzyme converts hmg co a into mevalonic acid

Front 2

RLS in fatty acid synthesis

Back 2

acetyl Co a carboxylase


enzyme converts acetyl CoA into malonyl CoA

Front 3

RLS in beta oxidation of fatty acids

Back 3

carnitine acetyl transferase I

enzyme in outer mitch mem removes acyl group from fatty actlcarnitine and transfers it back to Co A to produce fatty acly CoA

Front 4

RLS in glycolysis

Back 4

phosphofructokinase I

enzyme converts frustose 6 phosphate into fructose 1,6 bisphosphonate

Front 5

RLS in gluconeogenesis

Back 5

fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

enzyme converts fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to fructose 6 phosphate

Front 6

RLS in glycogen synthesis

Back 6

glucogen synthase

enzyme forms alpha 1, 4 glycosidic linkages between a glucose unit from UDP glucose and the non reducing end of an existing glycogen chain

Front 7

RLS in glycogenolysis

Back 7

liver phosphorylase


enzyme cleaves alpha 1, 4 linkages (releases glucose 1 phosphate) but stops working 4 glucose units from the branch point

Front 8

RLS in pentose phosphate pathway

Back 8

glucose 6 phosephate dehydrogenase

G6PD converts glucose 6 phosphate to 6 phosphogluconate

Front 9

RLS in lipolysis

Back 9

hormone sensitive lipase

enzyme hydrolyzes triacylglycerol into fatty acid and glycerol

Front 10

RLS in urea cycle and

citric acid cycle

Back 10

carbamyl phosphate synthase I,

enxyme converts co2- nh4 -2atp into carbamyl phosphate

citrate synthase

Front 11

RLS in pyrimidine metabolism

Back 11

carbamyl phosphate synthase II,

enzyme converts 2 ATP-Co2 glutamine into carbamoyl phosphate

In DNA and RNA, these bases form hydrogen bonds with their complementary purines. Thus the purines - adenine (A) and guanine (G) - pair up with the pyrimidines thymine (T) and cytosine (C) respectively

Front 12

RLS in purine metabolism

Back 12

glutamine PRPP aminotransferase

enzyme converts PRPP-glutamine into 5'-phosphoriboysylamine

Front 13

RLS in heme synthesis

Back 13

ALA synthase

enzyme converts succinyl CoA glycine into delta aminolevulinic acid

Front 14

RLS in ketone body synthesis

Back 14

HMG coA synthase

converts acetoacetylCoA into HmG CoA

Front 15

what are the 3 biochemical reactions that take place in BOTH the cytosol and the mitochondria

Back 15

heme synthesis (mitch to cyt to mitch -- only one)

urea and gluconeogenesis

Front 16

2 in the mitochondrial matrix

Back 16

beta ox. of fatty acid and TCA

Front 17

4 processes in the cytosol

Back 17

glycolysis
pentose phosphate shunt
Fatty acid synthesis
Glycogen synthesis

Front 18

1 in the inner mitoch matrix

Back 18

ox phos in the electron transport chain