Rapid Review Key Associations

Front 1

Actinic (solar) keratosis

Back 1

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma (sandpaper texture; tx w/ 5-FU)

Front 2

Acute gastric ulcer associaled with CNS injury

Back 2

Cushing's ulcer (↑ ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

Front 3

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Back 3

Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Front 4

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Back 4

Skip lesions (Crohn's disease: autoimmune; causes "string sign")

Front 5

Aneurysm, dissecting

Back 5

Hypertension

Front 6

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

Back 6

Atherosclerosis

Front 7

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

Back 7

3° syphilis
Marfans

Front 8

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Back 8

Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Front 9

Autospleneclomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Back 9

Sickle cell anemia (HbS)
Immunize against encapsulated organisms SBHNSK

Front 10

Bacteremia/pneumonia (IV drug user)

Back 10

S. aureus

Front 11

Bacteria associated with stomach cancer

Back 11

H. pylori

Front 12

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Back 12

Enteroviruses
Neisseria meningitidis
S. pneumoniae

Front 13

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Back 13

Newborns: GBS & E. coli
Kids: Enteroviruses, S. pneumoniae & N. meningitidis

Front 14

Benign melanocytic nevus

Back 14

Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)

Front 15

Bleeding disorder with Gplb deficiency

Back 15

Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion)

Front 16

Brain tumor (adults)

Back 16

Supratentorial:
Mets >
Glioblastoma multiforme (& other astrocytomas) >
Meningioma >
Schwannoma
"MGM Studios"

Front 17

Brain tumor (kids)

Back 17

Infratentorial: astrocytoma>medulloblastoma>ependymoma
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

Front 18

Breast mass

Back 18

Young: fibrocystic change
Postmenopause: carcinoma, MC invasive ductal carcinoma

Front 19

Breast tumor (benign)

Back 19

Fibroadenoma

Front 20

Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient

Back 20

Klebsiella

Front 21

Cardiac 1˚ tumor (kids)

Back 21

Rhabdomyoma

Front 22

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Back 22

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral)

Front 23

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Back 23

1. Metastasis
2. 1° myxoma (4:1 left lo right atrium; "ball and valve")

Front 24

Cardiomyopathy

Back 24

Dilaled cardiomyopalhy (40% are familial)

Front 25

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Back 25

Chiari malformation
(often presents w/ progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

Front 26

Chronic arrhythmia

Back 26

Atrial fibrillation (assodated with high risk of emboli)

Front 27

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Back 27

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Front 28

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Back 28

DES exposure in utero

Front 29

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Back 29

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Front 30

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Back 30

VSD

Front 31

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Back 31

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepalocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Front 32

Constrictive pericarditis in developing world

Back 32

Tuberculosis

Front 33

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

Back 33

LAD > RCA > LCA

Front 34

Cretinism

Back 34

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

Front 35

Cushing's syndrome

Back 35

1. Corticosteroid therapy (Cushing's syndrome)
2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary (Cushing's dz)

Front 36

Cyanosis (early; less common)

Back 36

Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of great vessels
Truncus arteriosus

Front 37

Cyanosis (late; more common)

Back 37

VSD, ASD, PDA
Lead to Eisenmenger syndrome

Front 38

Death in CML

Back 38

Blast crisis

Front 39

Death in SLE

Back 39

Lupus nephropathy

Front 40

Dementia

Back 40

1. Alzheimer's disease
2. Multiple infarcts (Vascular infarcts)

Front 41

Demyelinating disease in young women

Back 41

Multiple sclerosis

Front 42

DIC causes

Back 42

STOP Making New Thrombi
Sepsis (Gram-)
Trauma
Obstetric complications
Pancreatitis
Malignancy
Nephrotic syndrome
Transfusions

Front 43

Dietary deficit

Back 43

Iron (makes hypochromic, microcytic anemia)

Front 44

Diverticulum in pharynx

Back 44

Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

Front 45

Ejection click

Back 45

Aortic /pulmonic stenosis

Front 46

Esophageal cancer

Back 46

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)
Adenocarcinoma (U.S.)

Front 47

Food poisoning

Back 47

S. aureus, B. cereus

Front 48

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

Back 48

Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)

Front 49

Gynecologic malignancy

Back 49

Endometrial carcinoma

Front 50

Heart murmur

Back 50

Mitral valve prolapse

Front 51

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Back 51

Mitral (rheumatic fever)
Tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
Aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)

Front 52

Helminth infection (U.S.)

Back 52

1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. Ascaris lumbricoides

Front 53

Hematoma-epidural

Back 53

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast & causes lens-shaped hematoma)

Front 54

Hematoma-subdural

Back 54

Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow & causes crescent-shaped hematoma)

Front 55

Hemochromatosis

Back 55

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can resull in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and ↑ risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

Front 56

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Back 56

Cirrhotic liver (often associated wilh hepatitis B and C)

Front 57

Hereditary bleeding disorder

Back 57

von Willebrand's disease

Front 58

Hereditary harmless jaundice

Back 58

Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Front 59

HLA-B27

Back 59

Psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis), and Reiter's syndrome. (PAIR)

Front 60

HLA-DR3 or-DR4

Back 60

Diabeles meilitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

Front 61

Holosystolic murmur

Back 61

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Front 62

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

Back 62

Virchow's triad (resulls in venous thrombosis)

Front 63

Hypertension, 2°

Back 63

Renal disease
1. Chronic kidney dz (HTN or DM)
2. Renal artery stenosis

Front 64

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 64

Thyroidectomy

Front 65

Hypopituitarism

Back 65

Adenoma

Front 66

Infection in blood transfusion

Back 66

Hepatitis C

Front 67

Kidney stones

Back 67

1: Calcium = radiopaque
2: Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-posilive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
3: Uric acid = radiolucent

Front 68

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L→ R becomes R→L)

Back 68

"Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Front 69

Liver disease

Back 69

Alcoholic liver disease

Front 70

Lysosomal storage disease

Back 70

Gaucher's disease (crinkled tissue paper)

Front 71

Male cancer

Back 71

Prostatic carcinoma

Front 72

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

Back 72

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Front 73

Malignant skin tumor

Back 73

Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)

Front 74

Mental retardation

Back 74

1. Down syndrome 2. Fragile X syndrome (FMR1 gene)

Front 75

Mets to bone

Back 75

PT Barnum Like Kids
Prostate
Thyroid/Testes
Breast
Lung
Kidney
50% mets: 50% primary brain tumors

Front 76

Mets to brain

Back 76

Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia
Lung
Breast
Skin (melanoma)
Kidney (renal cell carcinoma)
Gl
Mostly mets

Front 77

Mets to liver

Back 77

Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Really Big Livers
Colon
Stomach
Pancreatic
Breast
Lung
Mostly mets

Front 78

Mitral valve stenosis

Back 78

Rheumatic heart disease

Front 79

Motor neuron disease

Back 79

ALS

Front 80

Myocarditis

Back 80

Coxsackie B
Echovirus
(both also cause aseptic meningitis, too)

Front 81

Neoplasm (kids)

Back 81

l.ALL
2. Cerebellar astrocytoma

Front 82

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

Back 82

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Front 83

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

Back 83

Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat wilh corticosteroids)

Front 84

Nosocomial pneumonia

Back 84

S. aureaus
Klebsiella
E. coli
Pseudomonas

Front 85

Obstruction of male urinary tract

Back 85

BPH
Tx: alpha-blockers or finasteride (5-alpha red. inhibitor)

Front 86

Opening snap

Back 86

Mitral stenosis

Front 87

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

Back 87

Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia

Front 88

Organ receiving mets

Back 88

Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)

Front 89

Organ sending mets

Back 89

Lung > breast, stomach

Front 90

Osteomyelitis

Back 90

S. aureus

Front 91

Osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease

Back 91

Salmonella

Front 92

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

Back 92

Pseudomonas
S. aureus

Front 93

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breasl cancer

Back 93

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

Front 94

Ovarian tumor (benign)

Back 94

Serous cystadenoma

Front 95

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

Back 95

Serous cystadenoearcinoma (CA125; PSaMMoma bodies)

Front 96

Palpable purpura

Back 96

small vessel vasculitis (immune complex type III), Fibrinoid necrosis.

Front 97

Pancreatic tumor

Back 97

Adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)

Front 98

Pancreatitis (acute)

Back 98

Gallstones
Alcohol
Hypertriglyceridemia

Front 99

Pancreatitis (chronic)

Back 99

EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

Front 100

Patient with
ALL:
CLL:
AML:
CML:

Back 100

ALL: child
CLL: adult > 60
CML: adult > 60
AML: adult 35-50

Front 101

Patient with Hodgkin's disease

Back 101

Young male (except nodular sclerosis type: female)

Front 102

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Back 102

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
Chlamydia

Front 103

Philadelphia chromosome l(9;22) (bcr-abl)

Back 103

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

Front 104

Pituitary tumor

Back 104

1. Prolactinoma 2. Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma

Front 105

Pneumonia, hospital acquired

Back 105

Klebsiella

Front 106

Primary amenorrhea

Back 106

Turner's syndrome (XO; webbed neck; streak ovaries)

Front 107

Primary bone tumor (adults)

Back 107

Multiple myeloma

Front 108

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Back 108

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

Front 109

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Back 109

1, Adenomas 2, Hyperplasia 3, Carcinoma

Front 110

Primary liver cancer

Back 110

Hepatocellular carcinoma (also known as hepatoma)
(chronic hepatitis; cirrhosis; hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin; AFP)

Front 111

Pulmonary hypertension

Back 111

COPD

Front 112

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremilies

Back 112

Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

Front 113

Renal tumor

Back 113

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)

Front 114

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

Back 114

Cor pulmonale

Front 115

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

Back 115

↑ venlricular filling (L→R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])

Think DILATED

Front 116

S4 (presystolic gallop)

Back 116

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, HCM, MI)

Think HYPERTROPHY

Front 117

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Back 117

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

Front 118

Sexually transmitted disease

Back 118

Chlamydia

Front 119

SIADH

Back 119

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Front 120

Site of diverticula

Back 120

Sigmoid colon

Front 121

Site of metastasis

Back 121

1. Regional lymph nodes 2. Liver

Front 122

Sites of atherosclerosis

Back 122

Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid

Front 123

Stomach cancer

Back 123

Adenocarcinoma

Front 124

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

Back 124

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

Front 125

t(14;18)

Back 125

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

Front 126

t(8;14)

Back 126

Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)

Front 127

t(9;22)

Back 127

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid)

Front 128

Temporal arteritis
AKA Giant Cell Arteritis

Back 128

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Increased ESR

Front 129

Testicular tumor

Back 129

Seminoma

Front 130

Thyroid cancer

Back 130

Papillary carcinoma (orphan annie nu; PSaMMoma bodies)

Front 131

Tumor in women

Back 131

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)

Front 132

Tumor of infancy

Back 132

Hemangioma

Front 133

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

Back 133

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Front 134

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

Back 134

Adrenal Neuroblastoma (malignant; Homer-Wright rosettes)

Front 135

Type of Hodgkin's

Back 135

Nodular sclerosis (vs, mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

Front 136

Type of non-Hodgkin's

Back 136

Diffuse large cell

Front 137

UTI

Back 137

E. coli (80%)
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
Proteus

Front 138

Viral encephalitis

Back 138

HSV

Front 139

Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)

Back 139

Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply)

Front 140

zinc deficiency

Back 140

rash on face, dysgusia, anosmia, poor wound healing

Front 141

Nucleotide excision repair defect

Back 141

Xeroderma pigmentosum (children of the night)

Front 142

mismatach repair defect

Back 142

HNPCC (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer)

Front 143

Achondroplasia

Back 143

Cell-signaling defect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3, Results in dwarfism; short limbs, but head and trunk are normal size. Associated with advanced paternal age.

Front 144

Olser-Weber-Rendu syndrome

Back 144

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Telangiectasia, recurrent epistaxia, skin discolorations, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Front 145

Hereditary spherocytosis

Back 145

[AD] Spheroid erythrocytes due to spectrin or ankyrin defect: hemolytic anemia; ↑ MCHC. Splenectomy is curative.

Front 146

t(11;22)

Back 146

Ewing's sarcoma