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34 Cards in this Set

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question
answer
4 causes of microcytic anemia
TICS: thalassemia, iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, sideroblastic anemia
precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients w/G6PD deficiency
sulfonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans
an elderly man w/hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. diagnostic tests?
fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy. suspect colon cancer
the most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability
factor V leiden mutation
the most common inherited bleeding d/o
von willebrand's disease
the most common inherited hemolytic anemia
hereditary spherocytosis
diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis
osmotic fragility test
pure RBC aplasia
diamond-blackfan anemia
anemia a/w absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia
fanconi's anemia
medications and viruses that lead to aplastic anemia
chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chemotherapeutic agents, hepatitis, parvovirus B19, EBV
how to distinguish polycythemia vera from secondary polycythemia
both have increased HCT and RBC mass, but polycythemia vera should have normal O2 sat and low erythropoietin levels
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) pentad
FAT RN: fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal dysfunction, neurologic abnormalities
HUS triad
anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure
treatment for TTP
emergent large-volume plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs. platelet transfusion is contraindicated!
treatment for ITP in children
usually resolves spontaneously, may require IVIG and/or corticosteroids
which of the following are increased in DIC: fibrin split products, d-dimer, fibrinogen, platelets, hematocrit
fibrin split products and d-dimer are elevated. platelets, fibrinogen, and HCT are decreased
8yo boy presents w/hemarthrosis and increased PTT w/normal PT and bleeding time. dx? treatment?
hemophilia A or B, consider desmopressin (for hemophilia A) or factor VIII or IX supplements
a 14yo girl presents w/prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and w/menses, normal PT, normal or increased PTT, and increased bleeding time. diagnosis? treatment?
von willebrand's disease. treat w/desmopressin, FFP, or cryoprecipitate
a 60yo African American man presents w/bone pain. what might a workup for multiple myeloma reveal?
monoclonal gammopathy, bence jones proteinuria, and punched-out lesions on x-ray of the skull and long bones
reed-sternberg cells
hodgkin's lymphoma
a 10yo boy presents w/fever, weight loss, and night sweats. exam shows an anterior mediastinal mass. suspected diagnosis?
non-hodgkin's lymphoma
microcytic anemia w/decreased serum iron, decreased TIBC, and normal or increased ferritin
anemia of chronic disease
an 80yo man presents w/fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis. suspected diagnosis?
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
the lymphoma equivalent of CLL
small lymphocytic lymphoma
a late, life-threatening complication of CML
blast crisis --> fever, bone pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia
auer rods on blood smear
acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
AML subtype a/w DIC. treatment?
M3. treat w/retinoic acid.
electrolyte changes in tumor lysis syndrome.
decreased Ca2+, increased K+, increased phosphate, increased uric acid
a 50yo man presents w/early satiety, splenomegaly, and bleeding. cytogenetics show t(9;22). diagnosis?
CML
heinz bodies
intracellular inclusions seen in thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, and postsplenectomy
virus associated w/aplastic anemia in patients w/sickle cell anemia
parvovirus B19
a 25yo African American man w/sickle cell anemia has sudden onset of bone pain. management of pain crisis?
O2, analgesia, hydration, and (if severe) transfusion
a significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia patients and its treatment
iron overload. use deferoxamine.