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203 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Budd Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
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Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
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Achilles tendon xanthoma
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Familial hypercholesterolemia
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Adrenal hemorrhage, HTN, DIC
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningiococcemia)
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Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
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Marfan's (fibrillin defect)
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Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
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Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)
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Big toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski's sign (UMN lesion)
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
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Blue sclera
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Osteogenesis imperfecta (Type I collagen defect)
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Bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's line (lead poisoning)
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Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
Bone pain, increased hat size, fractures |
Paget's disease of bone (inc osteoblastic AND osteoclastic activity)
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Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
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Neurofibromatosis type I (bilateral acoustic neuromas - type I) -- from neural crest cells ``
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Muscular dystrophy (Duchenne's)
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Cherry red spot on macula
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Tay Sachs, Niemann Picks, Central retinal a. occlusion
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Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
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Dressler's Syndrome (autoimmune mediated post MI fibrinous pericarditis)
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Child uses arms to stand up from squat
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Gower's sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy - X Linked recessive deleted dystrophin gene)
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Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
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"Slapped Cheeks"/ erythema infectiosum/ Parvovirus B19
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Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
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Huntington's Chorea (CAG trinucleotide repeat) -- See anticipation
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Chronic exercise intolerance w/ myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps
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McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
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Cold intolerance
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Hypothyroidism
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Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
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Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral (MS), unilateral - stroke)
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Continous "machinery" heart murmur
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PDA (close w/ indomethacin; open w/ misopostrol)
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Cutanoues/dermal edema due to CT deposition
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Myxedema (hypothyroidism, Graves' disease)
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Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
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Kaposi's sarcoma (HHV 8; assoc w/ HIV)
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Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)
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Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
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Dermatitis, Dementia, Diarrhea
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3 D's of Pellagra (niacin - B3 deficiency)
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
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Wet beriberi (thiamine - Vit B1 - deficiency)
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Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
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Pasturella
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Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Sjorgen's syndroem (autoimmune destruction of exocrine salivary glands)
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Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, Fe deficiency anemia
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Plummer Vinson syndrome ( can progress to esophgeal squamous cell ca)
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Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
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Ehler's-Danlos syndrome (collagen defect - type III)
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Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
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Virchow's node -- abdominal mets
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Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, HSM, atypical T cells
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Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping on (CHeek)
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Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
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Fat, female, forty, fertile
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Risk factors for acute cholelithiasis (gallstones)
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Fever, chills H/A, mylagia, following abx tx for syphilis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B symptoms of lymphoma
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Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
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Measles
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Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
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Peyronie's disease (CT d/o)
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Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
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Lesch-Nyan syndrome (HGPRT def) - part of purine salvage pathway
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Green-yellow rings around peripheral corean
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Kayser-Fleischer rings (Copper accumulation in Wilson's disease)
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Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; Inc cancer risk)
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HSM, osteoporosis, neur sx
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Gaucher's diseaes (glucocerbrosidase deficiency)
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Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
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Alport's syndrome (collagen mutation)
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Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs & vasculitis)
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Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
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Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
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Kluver Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
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HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
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Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
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Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
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Blue bloaters (chronic bronchitis; hyperplasia or mucous cells) --> inc Reid index
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Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion (non-painful)
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Chancre or primary syphilis
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Infant w/ FTT, HSM, neurodegeneration , cherry red spot on macula
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Niemann Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
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Infant with hypoglycemia, FTT, & hepatomegaly
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Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
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Infant w/ microcephaly, rockerbottom feet, & structural heart defect
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Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
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Jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
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Charcot's triad (Ascending cholangitis)
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Keratin pearls on skin lesion
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Large rash with bull;s eye appearance
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Erythema chronica migrans
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Lucid interval after TBI
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Epidural hematoma
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Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
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Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
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Mucosal bleeding & prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann's thromasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
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Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary eeth
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Gardner's syndrome
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Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) & necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegener's & Goodpasture's syndrome
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No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
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Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
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Charcot's triad (multiple sclerosis)
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Oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne stokes respiration (central apnea in CHF or inc intracranial pressure)
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Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic
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Cold agluttinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae & infectious mono
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Painful, raised red lesions on plams and soles
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Osler's node (infective endocarditis)
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painless jaundice
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cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
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Palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura
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Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
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Wermer's syndrome (MEN 1)
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Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
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Pink puffer - emphysema
Centriacinar - smoking Panacinar - a1at |
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Polyostotic fibrous dyplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature in young girl
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McCune Albright syndrome (mosaic G proteins signaling mutation
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Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalance
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Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
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Postive anterior drawer sign
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ACL injury
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Ptosis, miosisi, anhidrosis
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Horner's syndrome - most likely caused by pancoast's tumor
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Pupil accomodates but doesn't react
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Argyll Roberston pupil of syphillis (prostitutes pupil)
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Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection)
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Guillan Barre aka autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
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Rashon palms & soles
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Syphillis, Cowasackie, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
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Job's syndrome (hyper IgE syndrome , neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
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Red currant jelly sputum
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Klebsiella pneumonia
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Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget's disease of breast (represents underlying enoplasm)
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Red urine in the morning
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Paroxymsla nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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Renal cell carcinoma, hemabioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromacytoma
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von Hippel-Lindae disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
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Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal pathway)
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form; cardiomegaly) exercise intolerance
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Pompes disease (lysosomal glucosidase deficiency)
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Retinal hemorrhages w/ pale centers
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Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
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Severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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Severe RLQ pain w/ rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
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Short stature, inc incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia (genetically inherited; often progresses to AML)
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Single palm crease
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Simian crease (Down's syndrome)
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Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiestasis
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Kartagener's syndrome (dynein defect affecting cilia)
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Skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's' disease (primary adrenococrtical or infectious -- due to inc levels of POMC & melanin)
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Slow progressive muscle weakness in boys
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Beckers MD (X linked, defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's)
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Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa w/ blue-white centers
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Koplik spots
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Small, nontender erythematous lesions on palms/soles
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Janeway lesions of infective endocarditis
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Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genital
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Condyloma lata (2ndary syphillis)
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Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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Bacterial endocarditis
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Strawberry tongue
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Scarlet fever, kawasaki disease, TSS
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, coarctation of aorta, horseshoe kidney
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Turner's syndrome, XO, stature, webbed neck, lymphedema
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
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Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
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Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency; can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP -bouchards & DIP - Heberdeens)
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Systolic ejection murmur
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Aortic valve stenosis
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Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal tumors (pheochromacytoma)
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Sipple's syndrome (MEN 2A)
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Ulcerated genital lesion w/ exudate (PAINFUL)
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Chancroid (H. ducreyi)
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Unilateral facial drooping
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Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII)
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Urethritis, conjunctivits, arthritis
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Reiter's Syndrome - HLA B27
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Vascular birthmark (Port-Wine Stain) that does not regress
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Hemangioma - benign, but assoc w/ Sturge Weber syndrome - in opthalmic division of trigeminal suggests intracranial vasculitis
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Vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis
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Shwartzmann reaction - following 2nd exposure to endotoxin
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Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
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Mallory Weiss syndrome (alcoholics & eating d/o)
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Ruptured esophagus
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Boerhave
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Waxy casts w/ very low urine flow
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Chronic end stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
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acute pyelonephritis
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Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple's disease- Tryponema whippelli
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Worst headache of my life
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage- MCC is ruptured berry aneurysm
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Anticentromere ab
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Scleroderma (CREST)
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Antidesmoglein (epithelial) abs
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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Anti GBM abs
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Goodpastures syndrome (GN & Lung Hemorrhage)
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Antihistone abs
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Drug induced SLE
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Anti IgG abs
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RF - IgM abs to IgG)
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Antimitochondrial abs (AMAs)
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Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
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ANCAs
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Vasculitis - Wegeners (c-anca), Microscopic polyangiitis, glomerulonephritis (p-anca)
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Antiplatelet abs
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ITP - bleeding diasthesis
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ANA abs - anti-Smith & anti-dsDNA
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SLE
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Anti-topoisomerase abs
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Diffuse systemic scleroderma
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Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin abs
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Celiac disease - diarrhea, distention, wt loss
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Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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Auer rods- AML especially promyelocytic type
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Bamboo spine
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ankylosing spondylitis
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Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC's
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Howell Jolly bodies - due to splenectomy or nonfxnal spleen
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Basophilic stippling of RBC's
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Lead poisioning of sideroblastic anemia
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Bloody tap on LP
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Boot-shaped heart on X-ray
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Tertraology of fallot, RVH
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Branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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Pancoast's tumor - can compress symphathetic ganglion & cause Horner's syndrome
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Brown tumor of bone
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Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts Due to:
1. HyperPTH - Ca from bone --> blood 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Reck disease of bone) |
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Cadiomegaly w/ apical atrophy
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Chagas disease (T. cruzi)
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Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
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Rapidly progressive crescentic GN
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Chocolate cyst of ovary
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Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) - Gunpowder stain peritoneum
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Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils (neurons)
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Homer Wright Rosettes (adrenal neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, Ewings sarcoma)
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Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
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Cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation in caucasians resulting in fat soluble vitamin deficiency & mucous plugs)
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves - Fasciculus cuneatus & gracilis
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Tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis) - gait ataxia (+) Romberg
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Depigmentation of neurons in substania nigra
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Parkinson's diesase (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
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Call-Exner bodies - granulosa theca cell tumor of the ovary
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Dysplastic sqaumous cervical cells w/nuclear enlargement & hyperchromasia
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Koilocytes (HPV; predisposes to cervical cancer)
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Enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusions bodies -Cowdry Type A inclusions
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Owl's Eye apperance of CMV
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Enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground glass nuclei
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Orphan annie eye nuclei - papillary ca of the thyroid
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
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Lewy body (parkinson's disease)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
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Mallory bodies - alocholic liver disease
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
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Councilman body (viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells - Negri bodies
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Rabies virus (lysavirus)
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
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Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
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Giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusion (owl's eye)
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Reed sternberg cells (hodgkins lymphoma)
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Glomerulus like structure sturroudning vessel in n. cell
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Schiller Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
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Hair - on - end (crew cut) apperance on x ray
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Beta thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (EMH)
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hCG elevated
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Hydatitiform moles --> choricocarcinoma
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Heart nodules (inflammatory)
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Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
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Heterophile abs
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Infectious mono (EBV) - monospot
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Hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions
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Bronchial astham (Charcot-Leyden crystals;eosinophilic granules)
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High levels of D-dimers
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DVT, PE, DIC, budd chiari
Indicates Fibrin degradation problems |
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Honeycomb lung on xray
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Interstitial fibrosis
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Hyperseg neutrophils
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Megaloblastic anemia (B12, folate)
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Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
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Fe deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
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Increased AFP in amniotic fluid, maternal serum
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Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defect)
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Increased uric acid levels
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Gout, Lesch-Nyan syndrome, myeloproliferative d/o
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Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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Cowdry Type A bodies (HSV & CMV)
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Fe containing nodules in alveolar septum
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Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: Inc chance of mesothelioma & bronchogenic ca)
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Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunocompromised
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Chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation)
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Low serum ceruloplasmin
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Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degneration)
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Lumpy bumpy apperance of glomeruli on IF
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Poststrep GN
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Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on xray
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Multiple Myeloma
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Mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Monoclonal ab spike
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1. Multiple Meyloma (called M protein - IgG or IgA)
2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined sig (MGUS) 3. Waldenstrom's (M protein=IgM) macroglobulinemia |
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Monoclona globulin protein in blood/urine
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Bence jones proteins (MM) - kappa or lambda light chains in urine
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia |
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Mucin filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
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Signet ring (gastirc ca & lobular ca of breast)
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
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String sign - Crohns
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Needle shaped negatively birefringent crystals
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Gout
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules - diabetic nephropathy
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Nutmeg apperance of liver
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Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure & Budd chiari
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Onion skin periosteal rxn
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Ewing's sarcoma - malignant round cell tumor
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating a triangular area
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Codman's triangle on xray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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Podocyte fusion on EM
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MCD - child w/ nephrotic syndrome
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Polished, ivory like apperance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphylation of protein tau
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Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's diseae & CJD)
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Mucin filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
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Signet ring (gastirc ca & lobular ca of breast)
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
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String sign - Crohns
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Needle shaped negatively birefringent crystals
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Gout
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules - diabetic nephropathy
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Nutmeg apperance of liver
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Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure & Budd chiari
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Onion skin periosteal rxn
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Ewing's sarcoma - malignant round cell tumor
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating a triangular area
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Codman's triangle on xray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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Podocyte fusion on EM
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MCD - child w/ nephrotic syndrome
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Polished, ivory like apperance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphylation of protein tau
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Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's diseae & CJD)
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Soap bubble on Xray
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Giant cell tumor of bone - Osteoclastoma
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Spikes on BM, dome like endothelial deposits
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Membranous GN (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
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Stacks of RBC
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Rouleaux formation
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Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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Clue cells
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Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans cells
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Birbeck granules (hsitiocytosis X)
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Thrombi made of white/red layers
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Lines of Zahn - arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBC's
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Thumb sign on lateral x-ray
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Epiglottits (H. flu)
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Thyroid like apperance of kidney
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Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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Tram track on LM
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MPGN
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TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
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Fattyer liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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WBC's that look smudged
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CLL
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Wire loop glomerular apperance on LM
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Lupus nephropathy
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Yellow CSF
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Xanthochromia (days old subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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