Rapid Review-Classic Labs/findings

Front 1

Classic Labs/Findings:
Anticentromere antibodies

Back 1

Diagnosis/Disease:
Scleroderma (CREST)

Front 2

Classic Labs/Findings:
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

Back 2

Diagnosis/Disease:
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

Front 3

Classic Labs/Findings:
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Back 3

Diagnosis/Disease:
Goodpastur'es syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

Front 4

Classic Labs/Findings:
Antihistone antibodies

Back 4

Diagnosis/Disease:
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

Front 5

Classic Labs/Findings:
Anti-IgG antibodies (IgM against IgG aka Rheumatoid factor)

Back 5

Diagnosis/Disease:
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

Front 6

Classic Labs/Findings:
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

Back 6

Diagnosis/Disease:
Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

Front 7

Classic Labs/Findings:
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

Back 7

Diagnosis/Disease:
Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener's; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)

Front 8

Classic Labs/Findings:
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-ds DNA)

Back 8

Diagnosis/Disease:
SLE (type III hypersensitivity) (Immune complex)

Front 9

Classic Labs/Findings:
Antiplatelet antibodies

Back 9

Diagnosis/Disease:
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Tx: steroids

Front 10

Classic Labs/Findings:
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

Back 10

Diagnosis/Disease:
Diffuse systemic scleroderma

Front 11

Classic Labs/Findings:
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

Back 11

Diagnosis/Disease:
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

Front 12

Classic Labs/Findings:
"Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray

Back 12

Diagnosis/Disease:
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

Front 13

Classic Labs/Findings:
Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

Back 13

Diagnosis/Disease:
Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia [AML], especialy the promyelocytic [M3] type)

Front 14

Classic Labs/Findings:
Bacitracin response

Back 14

Diagnosis/Disease:
Sensitive: Strep pyogenes (group A)
Resistant: Strep agalactiae (group B)

Front 15

Classic Labs/Findings:
"Banboo spine" on x-ray

Back 15

Diagnosis/Disease:
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

Front 16

Classic Labs/Findings:
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Back 16

Diagnosis/Disease:
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

Front 17

Classic Labs/Findings:
Basophilic Stippling of RBCs

Back 17

Diagnosis/Disease:
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

Front 18

Classic Labs/Findings:
Bloddy tap on lumbar puncture

Back 18

Diagnosis/Disease:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 19

Classic Labs/Findings:
"Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray

Back 19

Diagnosis/Disease:
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

Front 20

Classic Labs/Findings:
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

Back 20

Diagnosis/Disease:
Actinomyces israelii (bacteria that looks like a fungus)

Front 21

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

Back 21

Diagnosis/Disease:
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)

Front 22

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Brown" tumor of bone

Back 22

Diagnosis/Disease:
Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to:
1. Hyperparathyroidism
2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Front 23

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Back 23

Diagnosis/Disease:
Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

Front 24

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule

Back 24

Diagnosis/Disease:
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Front 25

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary

Back 25

Diagnosis/Disease:
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

Front 26

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

Back 26

Diagnosis/Disease:
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastma)

Front 27

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

Back 27

Diagnosis/Disease:
Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

Front 28

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Back 28

Diagnosis/Disease:
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

Front 29

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Degeneration of dorsal column nevers

Back 29

Diagnosis/Disease:
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)

Front 30

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

Back 30

Diagnosis/Disease:
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

Front 31

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Back 31

Diagnosis/Disease:
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma: can result in whorled mucous plugs)

Front 32

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

Back 32

Diagnosis/Disease:
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

Front 33

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

Back 33

Diagnosis/Disease:
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

Front 34

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

Back 34

Diagnosis/Disease:
"Owl's-eye" appearance of CMV

Front 35

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

Back 35

Diagnosis/Disease:
"orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

Front 36

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

Back 36

Diagnosis/Disease:
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

Front 37

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

Back 37

Diagnosis/Disease:
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)

Front 38

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Eosinophilic globule in liver

Back 38

Diagnosis/Disease:
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

Front 39

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

Back 39

Diagnosis/Disease:
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)

Front 40

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

Back 40

Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)

Front 41

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with peominent inclusions ("owl's eye")

Back 41

Diagnosis/Disease:
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)

Front 42

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

Back 42

Diagnosis/Disease:
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

Front 43

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

Back 43

Diagnosis/Disease:
Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

Front 44

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
hCG elevated

Back 44

Diagnosis/Disease:
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidaform mole (occurs with and without embryo)

Front 45

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Heart nodules (granulomatous)

Back 45

Diagnosis/Disease:
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

Front 46

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Heterophile antibodies

Back 46

Diagnosis/Disease:
Infections mononucleosis (EBV)

Front 47

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

Back 47

Diagnosis/Disease:
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

Front 48

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
High level of D-dimers

Back 48

Diagnosis/Disease:
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

Front 49

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

Back 49

Diagnosis/Disease:
Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

Front 50

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray

Back 50

Diagnosis/Disease:
Interstitial fibrosis

Front 51

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Hypersegmented neutrophils

Back 51

Diagnosis/Disease:
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 defeciency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)

Front 52

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Back 52

Diagnosis/Disease:
Iron deficiency anemai, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)

Front 53

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Back 53

Diagnosis/Disease:
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defect)

Front 54

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Increased uric acid levels

Back 54

Diagnosis/Disease:
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

Front 55

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

Back 55

Diagnosis/Disease:
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

Front 56

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

Back 56

Diagnosis/Disease:Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)

Front 57

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

Back 57

Diagnosis/Disease:
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

Front 58

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on x-ray

Back 58

Diagnosis/Disease:
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

Front 59

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

Back 59

Diagnosis/Disease:
Goodpasture's syndrome

Front 60

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Low serum ceruloplasmin

Back 60

Diagnosis/Disease:
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

Front 61

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

Back 61

Diagnosis/Disease:
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (Immune Complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

Front 62

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray

Back 62

Diagnosis/Disease:
Multiple myeloma

Front 63

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst

Back 63

Diagnosis/Disease:
Fibrocystic change of the breast

Front 64

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Monoclonal antibody spike

Back 64

Diagnosis/Disease:
1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)
2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging)
3. Waldenstrom's (M protein=igM) macroglobulinemia
4. Primary amyloidosis

Front 65

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine

Back 65

Diagnosis/Disease:
Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)

Front 66

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

Back 66

Diagnosis/Disease:
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

Front 67

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph

Back 67

Diagnosis/Disease:
"String sign" (Crohn's disease)

Front 68

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

Back 68

Diagnosis/Disease:
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

Front 69

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

Back 69

Diagnosis/Disease:
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

Front 70

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Novobiocin response

Back 70

Diagnosis/Disease:
Sensitive: Staph epidermidis
Resistant: Staph saphrophyticus

Front 71

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver

Back 71

Diagnosis/Disease:
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

Front 72

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Onion-skin" periosteal reaction

Back 72

Diagnosis/Disease:
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

Front 73

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Optochin response

Back 73

Diagnosis/Disease:
Sensitive: Strep. pneumonia
Resistant: Viridans streptococcus

Front 74

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

Back 74

Diagnosis/Disease:
Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

Front 75

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Podocyte fusion on EM

Back 75

Diagnosis/Disease:
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

Front 76

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

Back 76

Diagnosis/Disease:
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

Front 77

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphophorylation of protein tau

Back 77

Diagnosis/Disease:
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)

Front 78

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Pseudopalisading tumor cels on brain biopsy

Back 78

Diagnosis/Disease:
Glioblastoma multiforme

Front 79

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
RBC casts in urine

Back 79

Diagnosis/Disease:
Acute glomerulonephritis

Front 80

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
REctangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

Back 80

Diagnosis/Disease:
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

Front 81

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Renal epithelia casts in urine

Back 81

Diagnosis/Disease:
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

Front 82

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

Back 82

Diagnosis/Disease:
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)

Front 83

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Rib notching

Back 83

Diagnosis/Disease:
Coarctation of the aorta

Front 84

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDs

Back 84

Diagnosis/Disease:
Toxoplasma gondii

Front 85

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Sheets of medium-sized lympoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)

Back 85

Diagnosis/Disease:
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV: "black sky" made up of malignant cells

Front 86

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

Back 86

Diagnosis/Disease:
Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

Front 87

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray

Back 87

Diagnosis/Disease:
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

Front 88

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits

Back 88

Diagnosis/Disease:
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

Front 89

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Stacks of red blood cells

Back 89

Diagnosis/Disease:
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

Front 90

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

Back 90

Diagnosis/Disease:
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)

Front 91

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

Back 91

Diagnosis/Disease:
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

Front 92

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Thrombi made of white/red layers

Back 92

Diagnosis/Disease:
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

Front 93

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray

Back 93

Diagnosis/Disease:
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

Front 94

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

Back 94

Diagnosis/Disease:
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

Front 95

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

Back 95

Diagnosis/Disease:
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

Front 96

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
WBCs that look "smudged"

Back 96

Diagnosis/Disease:
CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)

Front 97

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
"Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM

Back 97

Diagnosis/Disease:
Lupus nephropathy

Front 98

Lab/Diagnostic Finding:
Yellow CSF

Back 98

Diagnosis/Disease:
Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)