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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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FENa < 1% is what type of acute renal failure?
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pre-renal (dehydration)
also BUN/Cr > 20 |
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What is protein and LDH in an EXUDATIVE effusion?
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pleura/serum protein > 0.5
pleura/serum LDH > 0.6 |
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What is cause of bilious emesis in a newborn within hours after first feeding?
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Duodenal atresia
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60 YO woman leaks urine when coughing or laughing. What are her nonsurgical options?
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Stress incontinence
Kegal exercises, oral/cream estrogen, pestereas |
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Most common cause of HTN in a young women?
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OCP pills
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Most common cause of seizures in children 2-10yrs?
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Febrile seizures
trauma and idiopathic |
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Positive p-ANCA a/w with what conditions?
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1. Microscopic polyangitis (Polyarteritis nodosa -PAN), 2. paci-immune GN 3. Chrug-Strauss Syndrome (atopy)
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What organism is known for causing infections in burn victims?
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Psuedomonas auerginosa
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Patient presents with painless, pruritic papule with regional lymphadenopathy that evolves over 7-10 days into a necrotic ulcer with a black eschar. What is the Dx and Tx?
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Cutaneous Anthrax
Tx: PCN or doxycycline |
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What is the late, life-threatening complication of CML?
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Blast crisis (fever, bone pain, splenomegaly)
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What hernia is the most common? Carries the highest risk of incarceration?
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Indirect
Femoral |
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What causes aplastic anemia is a/w thumb abnormalities, diffuse hypo- or hyperpigmentation, cafe-au-lait spots, and short stature
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Fanconi's Anemia
defect in DNA repair commonly get AML Tx: androgens and hemopiotetic growth factors; bone marrow transplant is definite |
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What biostat calculation looks at individuals with and w/o a disease and determines the likelihood of exposure to a RF?
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Odds ratio (Case Study)
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What antidiabetic agent is a/w lactic acidosis?
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Metformin (stop if have sepsis or IV contrast)
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What is "cradle cap" and what is the tx?
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seborrheic dermatitis
Tx: antifungals or sylenium sulfide shampoo |
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What is the preferred diagnostic test for a pulmonary embolism? What is used to R/O PE?
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spiral CT scan with IV contrast
- if cannot do (b/c renal failure or metformin) then V/Q scan D-dimer to R/O if low suspicion |
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What rash presents with a herald-patch followed by a christmas tree pattern?
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Ptyriasis Rosea
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What is Beck's Triad?
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1. Hypotension
2. Distant heart sounds 3. distended JVD Cardiac tamponade |
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What lab findings are diagnostic of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
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Anti-MICROsomal AB
high TSH, low T4/T3 |
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If you want to know if maternal age affects infant mortality rate but most of the variation in infant mortality is predicted by SES, then SES is a ?
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Confounding factor/variable
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What are the 3 reasons for involuntary psych hospitalization?
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1. Harm to one-self (suicide)
2. Harm to others (homicide) 3. Catatonic - gravely disabled |
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What is Charcot's Triad in cases of gallbladder disease?
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Ascending Cholangitis
1. Fever/Chills 2. RUQ pain 3. Jaundice Reynaud's Pentad: + confusion and coma |
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What is the treatment of ITP in kids? Adults?
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Usually self-limiting in kids (can use steroids + IV immunoglobulin)
Adults - steroids, IVIG, plasmapheresis, delayed splenectomy , recombinant factor 7a ITP - just platelets low (<50,000) +/- increased bleeding tim |
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What infection causes aplastic crisis in SCD?
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parvo B19
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Elderly man c/o bone pain and adds that his favorite hat no longer fits. What is condition? Treatment?
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Paget's disease (only increased ALP)
Tx: bisphosphonates |
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What test is used in the 10th week gestation to screen for chromosomal abnormalities?
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Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
after 16 weeks for amnio |
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Cause of secondary amenorrhea in a patient with normal prolactin + no response to estrogen-progesterone challenge (no w/drawal bleeding) + hx of D&C?
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Asherman's Syndrome
- scarred uterus (endometrial tissue no longer sheds) |
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What causes a crescent-shaped hyperdensity (white) on CT scan that does not cross the midline?
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Subdural hematoma (midline shift)
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Most common pathogen causing croup?
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Parainfluenza virus
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What causes a transudative pleural effusion?
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CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, protein losing enteropathy
- intact capillaries, just leaky |
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Immunodef with doughy skin is characteristic of ?
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Job's Syndrome - Hyper IgE
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What is the treatment for opioid OD?
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Narcan (Naloxone)
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What is the treatment for septic shock?
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NE (vasoconstrictor) + IV fluids + IV antibiotics
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Most serious side effect of clozapine is ?
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Agranulocytosis
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What are the 5 basic criteria for metabolic syndrome?
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1. Central Obesity + any of following two:
2. HDL < 40 M <50 F 3. BP > 130/85 (or tx HTN) 4. insulin resistance (fasting glucose > 100) 5. TAG > 150 |
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What type of bias is present when a clinician is aware of the type of treatment his patient received?
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Observation bias
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Sentinel loop on AXR is seen with ?
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Acute pancreatitis!
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What is commonly seen on CXR in esophageal perforation? How do you make def dx? What is Tx?
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CXR: pleural effusion (left-sided), penumomediastinum, or pneumothorax
Dx: water-soluble esophagram (does not irritate pleura if leak - barium would induce a granulomatous response) Tx: primary closure of esophagus + drainage of mediastinum within 6 hours to prevent development of mediastinitis |
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Which congenital heart diseases have cyanosis with decreased pulmonary blood flow?
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Tetralogy of Fallot
Tricuspid Atresia Tricuspid Stenosis Ebstein anomaly Pulmonary valve atresia or stenosis |
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Which congenital heart disease have cyanosis with increased pulmonary flow?
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Transposition of great arteries, Truncus arteriosus, TAPVC
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