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212 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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UMN dysfunction, weakness, hyperreflexia, positive babinski
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cord compression
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elderly pt. with PNA, abdominal pain, confusion, hyponatremia
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legionella
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typical labs in sick euthyroid syndrome
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total/free T3 decreased, T4/TSH normal
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Rx for CML
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imatinib/gleevec
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sharply demarcated, erythematous, edematous, tender skin lesion with raised border
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erysipelas
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bug in erysipelas
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group a strep (strep pyogenes)
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treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica
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low dose prednisone
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intermittent inflammatory arthritis
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lyme
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supplement in spherocytosis
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folic acid
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major cause of aortic dissection
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HTN
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test in suspected AS
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echo
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rx for trigeminal neuralgia
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carbamazepine
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what halts progression in ankylosing spondylitis?
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regular exercise
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how does hyperventilation help to decrease intracranial pressure?
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causes vasoconstriction, which decreases cerebral blood flow
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acute sarcoid seen in scandanavian, irish, puerto rican
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lofgren's syndrome
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triad in lofgren's syndrome
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arthritis, erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar adenopathy
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most sensitive physical exam sign for compartment syndrome
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pain on passive extension of fingers/toes
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rx for eclampsia
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mag sulfate
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dysmenorrhea, heavy menses, enlarged uterus
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adenomyosis or fibroids
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post-mi fever, CP, leukocytosis, mediastinal widening
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mediastinitis
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tx for mediastinitis
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drainage, debridement, abx
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test for suspected diaphragmatic rupture
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barium swallow
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structure injured in anterior shoulder dislocation
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axilary nerve
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digoxin toxicity
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anorexia, n/v
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elevation of hemidiaphragm on CXR
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diaphragmatic hernia
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what effect do TRH and serotonin have on prolactin?
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stimulate it
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how does dopamine affect prolactin?
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inhibits it
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renal damage caused by acyclovir
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crystalluria with renal tubular obstruciton
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hypokalemia and HTN, what do you check?
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aldosterone and renin levels
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'blue toe' syndrome
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atheroembolic disease
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mottled discoloration of extremities
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livedo reticularis
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diagnostic test for new SLE with renal involvement?
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renal biopsy
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most common cause of death in dialysis pts
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cv disease
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salmon rash, arthralgias, leukocytosis
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still's disease
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peripheral lung cancer without big smoking association
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adenocarcinoma
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NPO, broad-spectrum abx, and bleeding
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vitamin k deficiency
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locations for pressure sores
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sacrum, heels, hips
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what kind of anemia can MTX cause?
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macrocytic
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increased risk of what infections with hemochromatosis
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listeria, vibrio vulnificus
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best OA management
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weight loss
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how does hydroxyurea help in sickle cell?
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increases HbF
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hypotonia, hypogonadism, obesity
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prader-willi
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rx for SVT
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IV adenosine
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rx for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy
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7-10 days nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, or 1st gen cephalosporin
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amorphic breath sounds
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lung abscess
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blood/eos in stool of newborn
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milk protein intolerance
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brain tumors and familial adenomatous polyps
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turcots
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colonic polyps with extraintestinal lesions
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gardners
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intestinal hamartomas iwht mucocutaneous melanocytic macules
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peutz-jeghers
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rx for thioridazine overdose
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sodium bicarb
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anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure
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TTP-HUS
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tx for TTP-HUS
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plasmapheresis
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abnormal d-xylose test that doesn't normalize with antibiotics
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whipple's disease
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degenerative joint disease associated with what kind of anemia
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iron deficiency
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drugs that can cause hypothermia
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alcohol, benzos, opiates, phenothiazines
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rx for toxo infection
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sulfadiazine/pyrimethamine
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muddy brown granular casts
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ATN
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RBC casts
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glomerulonephritis
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WBC casts
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interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis
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fatty casts
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nephrotic syndrome
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broad/waxy casts
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chronic renal failure
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test to check in suspected PKU
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guthrie test
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urine with musty odor
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pku
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labs in tumor lysis
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decreased calcium, increased phos/K/uric acid
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dark brown discoloration of colon with lymph follicles shining through as pale patches
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laxative abuse
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abdominal pain, jaundice, pancreatitis with dilation of intra/extra hepatic biliary ducts
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choledochal cyst
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what is increased in folate/B12 deficiency
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homocysteine
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defect in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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RBC membrane defect causes increased binding of complement to RBCs, which leads to intravascular hemolysis
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signs of multiple myeloma
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CRAB: increased Ca2+, renal impairment, anemia, bone probs
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rx for prolactinoma
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cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)
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skin, lung, bone involvement in midwest
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blastomyces
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thyroid function test changes in pregnancy
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increased total T4, increased TBG, normal TSH
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confirm dx of CLL
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lymph node biopsy
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next step in pt< 45 with dyspepsia but without alarming sx
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H. pylori breath test
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BUN in upper GI bleed
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increased
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rx for OD with Ca2+ channel blocker
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calcium chloride
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hearing problems, dull TM, air/fluid levels in middle ear & often seen in HIV pts
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serous otitis media
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speckled pattern on echo
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amyloidosis
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cause of post-TURP hyponatremia
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glycine-induced
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organisms that cause epiglottitis
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h flu, group A strep
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in what settings is acaculous cholecystitis seen?
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burns, trauma, prolonged TPN, fasting, mechanical ventilation
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tramline intracranial lestions
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sturge-weber
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rx for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
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prednisone
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hypokalemia and hypertension
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hyperaldosteronism
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neonate with jaundice, light colored stools, hepatomegaly, and direct/conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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think about biliary atresia
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when does breast milk jaundice usually occur?
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2nd week of life
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what enzyme is deficient in Crigler-Najjar and Gilbert's?
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UDP-glucuronyl transferase (C-N much worse - totally absent)
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dx of inhalation injury
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bronchoscopy
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what causes roth spots/osler's nodes?
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immune complex disease
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what causes janeway lesions
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septic emboli
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what predisposes to pseudogout
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hyperparathyroidism, hemochromatosis
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cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver
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insulin resistance
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tx for sphincter of oddi dysfunction
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ERCP sphincterotomy
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isolated systolic HTN
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rigidity of arterial wall
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premalignant colonic lesions
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villous adenoma, sessile adenoma, size > 2.5 cm
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workup for hyperplastic polyps
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none; benign
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what enzyme is increased in CAH?
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17-hydroxyprogesterone
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increase in BP before 20 weeks gestation
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chronic HTN or hyatidaform mole
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serum haptoglobin level in hemolytic anemia
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decreased
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mechanism of decreased anginal pain with nitro
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dilation of veins and decreased ventricular preload
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forward slip of vertebrae in preadolescent with step-off at LS area
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spondylolisthesis
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marfan body habitus, lens dislocation, fair skin, vascular thrombosis
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cystathionine synthase deficiency/homocystinuria
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FUO, LAN, arthralgias, weight loss, greasy stools, diarrhea
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Whipple's disease
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how do you dx whipple's disease
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upper endoscopy
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criteria for anorexia
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body weight >15% below normal, amenorrhea x>3 mos, distortion of body image
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indications for blood transusion in trauma
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loss >25% (approx. 1500 ml)
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hypopigentation, predisposition to CA, anemia
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fanconi's anemia
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how is fanconi's inherited; what is mechanism
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AR; genes involve DNA repair
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subluxed radial head
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nursemaid's elbow
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what coag parameter is increased in antiphospholipid Ab syndrome?
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increaesd PTT
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rx for nocardia
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TMP-SMX
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first line agent in TIA
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aspirin
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labs in hypophosphatemic rickets
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normal calcium/alk phos/vit D
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abdominal distention, susccussion splash, increased MCV, gastric surgery
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bacterial overgrowth
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rx for pseudomonas
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piperacillin/tobramycin
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how long for penicillin prophylaxis post-splenectomy
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3-5 years
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most common site of ulnar nerve entrapment
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elbow where nerve lies at medial epicondylar groove
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what grade hypertensive retinopathy: slight av nicking
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1
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what grade hypertensive retinopathy: copper wiring, av depression
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2
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what grade hypertensive retinopathy: silver wiring, flame shaped hemorrhages, exudates
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3
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what grade hypertensive retinopathy: flame shaped hemorrhages, exudates, papilledema
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4
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most definitive way to dx iron deficiency anemia
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bone marrow iron stain
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<1 month old with bilious vomiting, abd distention, bloodstained stools
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midgut volvulus
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what tx for hyperthroid can cause initial exacerbation
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radioactive iodine
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rx for symptomatic bradycardia
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IV atropine
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rx for primary biliary cirrhosis
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ursodeoxychohlic acid
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cyanotic infant with left-axis deviation
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tricuspid atresia
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what is tricuspid atresia often associated with?
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VSD
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rx for beta blocker overdose
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glucagon
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where does finasteride act?
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epithelium
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diagnosis of sjogrens
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lip biopsy showing lymphoid foci in accessory salivary glands
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test for diagnosis of acromegaly
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check GH after oral glucose load
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varicocele that doesn't empty when patient is recumbent
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suspect RCC
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drugs that have been shown to decrease mortality post-MI
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ACEI, ASA, beta blockers
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murmur of tricuspid regurgitation
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systolic, increases with inspiration
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rx for condylomata accuminata
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podophyllin
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parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, neuro signs
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shy-dragger
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another name for kawasaki's
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mucocutaneous lymph node syndroem
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tx for gastric MALT lymphoma
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triple therapy (omeprazole, clarithromycin/amoxicillin)
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rx for HTN in pt with BPH, increased lipids/glucose
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alpha blockers
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calcium oxalate crystals in urine
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ethylene glycol intoxication
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increased gastric residues in premie
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necrotizing enterocolitis
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most common cause of mitral regurgitation
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mitral valve prolapse
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rx for neuroleptic malignant syndrome
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dantrolene or bromocriptine
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carcinoid syndrome can lead to what vitamin deficiency?
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niacin due to decreased tryptophan
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macrocytic red cell aplasia with short stature, webbed neck, cleft lip, shielded chest, triphalangeal thumbs
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diamond-blackman syndrome
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prominent gastric folds, ulcer behind duodenal bulb
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zollinger-ellison
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valve abnormality following rheumatic fever
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mitral stenosis
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most involved segment in ischemic colitis post-aortoiliac surgery
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splenic flexure
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most common location for DVT casuing PE
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ileofemoral vein
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most serious complication of peptic ulcer disease
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hemorrhage
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when does intraperitoneal bladder rupture occur?
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in pt with full bladder
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severe liver disease, hypotension, hyponatremia, azotemia, oliguria with normal UA
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hepato-renal syndrome
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treatment for hepato-renal syndrome
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careful volume loading
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tests for lactose intolerance
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positive hydrogen breath test, positive clintest, increased stool osmotic gap
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gene defect in CF
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deletion of 3 base pair encoding for phenylaline in CFTR on chromosome 7
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defect in heat stroke
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failure of thermoregulatory center
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pathophys of mitral regurg in HOCM
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systolic anterior motion of MV leaflet
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rx for croup
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racemic epi
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complications of PEEP
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alveolar damage, tension pneumo, ventricular failure
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rx for mets in prostate CA
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leuprolide
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gait disturbance, dementia, urinary incontinence
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normal pressure hydrocephalus
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what blood abnormality can be associated with PNH?
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pancytopenia
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cause of afib in mitral stenosis
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LA dilation
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what causes molluscum contagiosum?
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posvirus
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winter's formula
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1.5(HCO3-) + 8
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cardiac finding in edward's
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VSD
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ANA, anti-Jo1
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dermatomyositis
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Anti-SSA/B
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sjogrens
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cancer most likely to cause SVC syndrome
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bronchogenic CA
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macrosomia, macroglossia, hepato/renal enlargement, omphalocele, hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia
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beckwith-wiedeman
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antibodies in hashimoto's
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anti-thyroid peroxidase
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antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis
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anti-mitochondrial
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post-MI double apical beat/persistent ST elevation
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LV aneurysm
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what causes hypotension secondary to epidural anesthesia
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blood redistribution/venous pooling
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resting tremor
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parkinsons
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location of post-aspiration abscess
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apical segment of RLL/posterior RUL
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anti-dsDNA
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lupus nephritis
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postpartum female with wrist/thumb pain
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de quervains
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tendonitis of abductor pollicis longus/extensor pollicis brevis
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de quervains
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amiodarone toxicity
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pulonary, thyroid, hepatotoxicity, corneal deposits, bluish/slate grey skin
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polyuria, polydypsia, prefer cold water
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DI
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eval of bronchiectasis
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high resolution CT
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displaced anterior fat pad
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supracondylar fracture, can lead to volkmann's ischemic contracture
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cause of pancytopenia in SLE
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autoantibodies vs blood cells
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rx for uncomplicated cystitis
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oral TMP-SMX
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rx for pt with HTN and PVD
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amlodipine
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rx for chronic HCV
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IFN and ribavirn
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toxicity of cyclosporine
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nephrotoxicity, HTN, neurotoxicity, gingival hypertrophy, glucose intolerance, infectoin, malignancy, hirsutism
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side effects of azathioprine
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diarrhea, leukopenia, hepatotoxicity
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side effects of mycophenolate
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bone marrow suppression
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positive tartrate resistant acid stain
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hairy cell leukemia
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pruritic, elevated serpiginous lesions on skin after contact with sand
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cutaneous larva migrans
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worst type of renal disease in SLE patients
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diffuse proliferative
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mechanism of steatorrhea in Z-E
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pancreatic enzymes inactivated
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virus associated with mixed cryoglobulinemia
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HCV
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kid with supratentorial tumor
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astrocytoma
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from what type of cells does neuroblastoma arise?
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neural crest
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from what type of cells does wilms tumor arise?
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metanephros
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pseudotumor and dry skin
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vitamin A toxicity
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treatment for anal fissure
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dietary modification, stool softener, anesthetic
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antibodies in HIT
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vs. heparin-platelet factor 4 complex
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giant platelets
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bernard-soulier
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defect in bernard soulier
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glycoprotein Ib
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antibodies in celiac disease
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anti-endomysial
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elevated glucose, diarrhea, necrolytic migratory erythema
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glucagonoma
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dark granular pigment on liver biopsy in jewish pt
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dubin johnson
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most common cause of mitral regurg
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mitral valve prolapse
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nodular swellings in iris in NF
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hemartomas
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rx for alzheimers
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donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, tacrine (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors)
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post-MI hypotension, pulsus paradoxus, PEA
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free ventricular wall rupture
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hawthorne effect
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subjects change behavior because they are aware they are being observed
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