Random Anatomy -- Abdomen And Pelvis

Front 1

what are some typical small branches of the renal artery?

Back 1

branches to ureter and adrenal

Front 2

R: ureter to testicular vessels and psoas major

Back 2

ureter passes posterior to vessles and crosses anterior surface of psoas

Front 3

which renal artery is longer?

Back 3

the right renal artery

Front 4

through the peritoneum, what structures is the right kidney in contact with?

Back 4

the right colic flexure
visceral surface of the liver
second part of the duodenum

Front 5

through the peritoneum, what structures is the left kidney in contact with?

Back 5

tail of the pancreas,, left colic flexure, stomach, spleen

Front 6

3 spots of natural constriction of the ureter where kidney stones might lodge

Back 6

jxn of renal pelvis and ureter
where ureter crosses pelvic brim
at entrance of the ureter to the bladder

Front 7

R: right suprarenal gland and IVC

Back 7

part of adrenal is posterior to IVC

Front 8

origin of 3 adrenal arteries

Back 8

superior -- inferior phrenic
middle -- from aorta near celiac trunk
inferior -- renal artery

Front 9

R: lumbar arteries and psoas major

Back 9

arteries pass deep to the psoas major

Front 10

at what vertebral level does the aorta bifurcate?

Back 10

L4

Front 11

attachments of psoas major

Back 11

proximal: lumber vertebrae
distal: lesser trochanter of the femur

Front 12

psoas major fxn

Back 12

strong flexor of the thigh and vertebral column

Front 13

psoas minor attachments

Back 13

long flat tendon that passes down the anterior surface of the psoas major to its distal attachement on the iliopubic eminence and the arcuate line of the ilium

Front 14

attachments of iliacus muscle

Back 14

prox: iliac fossa
distal: lesser trochanter of the femur

Front 15

iliacus fxn

Back 15

flexes thight

Front 16

iliopsoas muscle

Back 16

fxnl unit of iliacus and psoas major muscles

Front 17

quadratus lumborum attachments

Back 17

prox: 12th rib and lumber transverse processes
dist: iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest

Front 18

quadratus lumborum fxn

Back 18

flexes vertebra column laterally and anchors inferior end of rib cage during respiration

Front 19

R: quadratus lumborum and transversus abdominis

Back 19

transversus is posterior

Front 20

rib level of both kidneys

Back 20

Rt -- 12th rib
Lt -- 11th rib

Front 21

vertebral level subcostal nerve

Back 21

T12

Front 22

vertebral level iliohypogastric nerve

Back 22

L1

Front 23

vertebral level ilioinguinal nerve

Back 23

L1

Front 24

vertebral level genitofemoral nerve

Back 24

L1, 2

Front 25

vertebral level lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

Back 25

L2, 3

Front 26

vertebral level femoral nerve

Back 26

L2, 3, 4

Front 27

vertebral level lumbosacral tranks

Back 27

L4, 5

Front 28

where is the lumbar plexus located?

Back 28

within psoas major muscle

Front 29

order in which nerves emerge from lumber plexus

Back 29

siig l f

subcostal
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
genitofemoral
lateral cutaneous of thigh
femoral

Front 30

what does the genitofemoral nerve innervate?

Back 30

motor nerve of cremaster
small area of skin inferior and medial to inguinal ligament

Front 31

where does the genitofemoral nerve divide?

Back 31

superior to inguinal ligament

Front 32

R: iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerves and quadratus lumborum

Back 32

nerves are anterior

Front 33

at what point do the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves separate?

Back 33

when they reach transversus muscle

Front 34

R: lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and inguinal ligament

Back 34

nerve passes deep to the inguinal ligament near the anterior superior iliac spine

Front 35

what does the femoral nerve innervate?

Back 35

psoas major and iliacus muscles, as well as providing motor and sensory innervation to the anterior thigh

Front 36

what does the obturator nerve innervate?

Back 36

supplies sensory and motor innervation to the medial thigh

Front 37

what forms the lumbosacral trunk?

Back 37

ventral rami of L4 and L5

Front 38

where is the sympathetic trunk found?

Back 38

on the vertebral body between the crus of the diaphragm and the psoas major muscle

Front 39

central tendon of the diaphragm

Back 39

aponeurotic center of the diaphragm, which is the distal attachment of all its muscular parts

Front 40

sternal part of diaphragm

Back 40

two small bundles of muscle fibers that attach to posterior surface of xiphoid process

Front 41

costal part of diaphragm

Back 41

muscle fibers that attach to the inferior six ribs and their costal cartilages

Front 42

lumber part of diaphragm

Back 42

formed by left and right crura

Front 43

attachments of right crus

Back 43

prox: bodies of vertebrae L1 to L3

Front 44

what is the esophageal hiatus?

Back 44

opening in right crus of diaphragm through which the esophagus passes through

Front 45

attachments of left crus

Back 45

prox: bodies of vertebrae L1 and L2

Front 46

arcuate ligaments

Back 46

thickenings of fascia that serve as proximal attachements for some muscles to diaphragm

Front 47

3 large openings in diaphragm and their vertebral level

Back 47

vena caval foramen -- through central tendon (T8)
esophageal hiatus -- right crus (T10)
aortic hiatus -- passes behind diaphragm (T12)

Front 48

the lower intercostal nerves (T5 - T11) and the subcostal nerve innervates the peripheral part of the diaphragm...what innervates the rest?

Back 48

phrenic nerves

Front 49

what does the greater splanchnic nerve do after it has passed through the diaphragm to enter the abdominal cavity?

Back 49

distributes to celiac ganglion and innervates adrenals

Front 50

what happens to a paralyzed hemidiaphragm?

Back 50

it cannot contract (descend) and so appears high in thorax on a chest x-ray

Front 51

which two veins join to form the hepatic portal vein?

Back 51

splenic and SMV

Front 52

3 arterial anastomoses of foregut

Back 52

pancreaticodudenal arteries
middle and left colic arteries
superior rectal and middle/inferior rectal

Front 53

collateral pathways (portosystemic collaterals) for when portal system is compromised

Back 53

1. esophagus (feeds into azygos system)
2. paraumbilical (feed into azygos via superior epigastric and common iliac via inferior epigastric)
3. colic vv feed into ascending lumbar
4. superior rectal to middle/inferior rectal and then to common iliac vein