Rana Catesbiana

Front 1

Chromatophores

Back 1

to camouflage appearance (like soldiers);protects itself from the enemies

Front 2

Eyes

Back 2

organs that help frog see in front and on the sides

Front 3

Upper & Lower Eyelids

Back 3

protection for the eyes; upper=thick and moveable, lower= thin and nonmoveable

Front 4

Nictitating Membrane

Back 4

"nature's goggles", transparent, allows frog to see in water; protects eye

Front 5

Internal & External Nares

Back 5

breathing nasal flaps; may be opened or closed

Front 6

Digits

Back 6

toes or fingers; male's thumb pad is very thick

Front 7

Forelimbs

Back 7

4 toes on each; shorter than hind ones; body balance;used for amplexus by male

Front 8

Hind Limbs

Back 8

5 toes=webbed;used for jumping and hopping

Front 9

Integument

Back 9

synonymous with epidermis, endodermis and mesodermis; protects entire body. dorsal=dark,thick, easy remove ventral=light, thin harder to remove integument

Front 10

Deltoid

Back 10

a muscle ventrally connecting trunk to forelimbs; promotes movement of forelimbs

Front 11

Pectoralis Major

Back 11

located on the ventral side; strengthens the abdominal muscles

Front 12

Mylohyoid

Back 12

helps push food down esophagus to stomach; moves lower jaw

Front 13

Mouth

Back 13

organ that helpsfrog introduce food into the body providing nutrients (mostly live insects)

Front 14

Rectus Abdominis

Back 14

tenses abdomen;main support for abdominal muscles surrounding linea alba

Front 15

Longissimus Dorsi

Back 15

protects dorsal side of skeletal system;gives protection to the spinal column

Front 16

Latissimus Dorsi

Back 16

provides strength to dorsal side and helps in motion of the forelimbs

Front 17

Anconeus

Back 17

helps extend forelimb; muscle that strengthens the connection between trunk and forelimb

Front 18

Sartorius

Back 18

Flexes leg;helps in hopping and jumping

Front 19

Gracilis Major

Back 19

flexes knee, extends thigh

Front 20

Gracilis Minor

Back 20

flexes knee, extends thigh

Front 21

External and Internal Oblique

Back 21

supports and tenses the ventral and lateral sides of the abdomen

Front 22

Adductor Magnus

Back 22

used for jumping and hopping; flexes thigh and extends leg

Front 23

Triceps Femoris

Back 23

flexes thigh and extends leg; used for jumping and hopping

Front 24

Gastrocnemius

Back 24

flexes knee and toes; initiates jumping off the ground (part that is eaten)

Front 25

Tendon of Achilles

Back 25

gives strenght to the ankle; white tendon; named after Greek characters in mythology

Front 26

Semimembranosus

Back 26

largest muscle in hind limb; helps in high jumps

Front 27

Masseter Major

Back 27

muscle surrounding and supporting tympanum

Front 28

Masseter Minor

Back 28

muscle surrounding and supporting tympanum

Front 29

Peroneus

Back 29

muscle that protects tibio fibula; helps in jumping; location ventral to gastrocnemius

Front 30

Tongue

Back 30

catches food (live insects) long, flexible, quick acting; muscle

Front 31

Maxillary Teeth

Back 31

holds on to food tightly before swallowing it whole. Frogs do not chew their food

Front 32

Vomerine Teeth

Back 32

two in number, located on the upper palate; prevent prey from escaping

Front 33

Lungs

Back 33

respiratory organs; two lobes; exchange of gases between outer environment and blood

Front 34

Stomach

Back 34

churns the food by mixing w/ gastric juices; also stores undigested food for hibernation

Front 35

Small Intestines

Back 35

site of digestion; carry absorbed nutrients to the body via blood vessels

Front 36

Large Intestines

Back 36

collects waste products and through peristalisis helps eliminate them through cloaca

Front 37

Duodenum

Back 37

the first part of the small intestine

Front 38

Liver

Back 38

composed of 3 lobes: right, left anterior, and left posterior; storage of glycogen;destruction of red blood cells;formation of urea; secretes bile; largest organ in Rana's body

Front 39

Gall Bladder

Back 39

stores bile until needed by duodenum for the digestion of fatty foods

Front 40

Pancreas

Back 40

secretes hormone insulin; secretes pancreatic juice directly into the blood stream; located between duodenum and stomach

Front 41

Spleen

Back 41

serves as reservoir of blood and functions in formation of blood cells

Front 42

Fat Bodies

Back 42

serve as the reserve food supply during hibernation and breeding; also serve as protection of eggs and internal organs;

Front 43

Heart

Back 43

has 3 chambers; right atrium, left atrium & ventricle; PLUS truncus arteriosus & sinus venosus; carries oxygenated, deoxygenated, & mixed blood; strongest muscle in the body

Front 44

Ventricle

Back 44

Rana only has ONE; receives mixed blood and then separates it

Front 45

Kidneys

Back 45

Two are present;removes nitrogen wastes; maintains body's water balance

Front 46

Urinary Bladder

Back 46

stores urine; opens directly into cloaca to discharge urine

Front 47

Testes

Back 47

two male gonads; produce sperms and male sex hormones

Front 48

Oviducts

Back 48

convoluted white tubules; releases gel-like materials to cover released egg mass just before breeding;

Front 49

Eggs

Back 49

female sex cells, black on one side and white on the other;

Front 50

Ovaries

Back 50

female gonads produce & store eggs and female sex hormones;

Front 51

Aorta & Anterior Vena Cava

Back 51

major artery and major vein;