Radio

Front 1

Hilar shadow is formed by

Back 1

Pulmonary artery ( main component )

Upper lobe pulmonary vein

Bronchus

Front 2

Preferred x-ray view for pneumoperitoneum

Back 2

Chest x-ray erect

Front 3

Review areas of chest x-ray

Back 3

1. Costophrenic angle

2. Cardiophrenic angle

3. Hilum

4. Apex

Front 4

Alignment of ribs

Back 4

Posterior ribs: more horizontal

Anterior ribs : oblique

Front 5

Inspiratory effort on the basis of number of ribs

Back 5

1. Good : 5-7 anterior ribs or 9-10 posterior ribs

2. Poor : < 5

3. Hyperinflated : > 7

Front 6

Hilum convergence sign

Back 6

To differentiate between dilated pulmonary artery and hilar mass / lymph nodes

Front 7

Film focal distance

Back 7

In normal chest x-ray: 180 cm

In any other conventional radiology: 100cm

Front 8

Chest x-ray AP vs PA view

Back 8

In AP

- no gastric bubble

- apparent cardiomegaly

- clavicle lies above lung apex

In PA

- gastric bubble +

- no cardiomegaly

- clavicle lies on the lung apex

Front 9

Cardiothoracic ratio

1. In cardiomegaly

2. Measured in

Back 9

1. C/T > 0.5

2. X-RAY PA VIEW , in full inspiration

Front 10

Expiratory films preferred in

Back 10

Pneumothorax

Front 11

Lordotic view is used to evaluate

Back 11

1. Lung apex

2. Middle lobe

3. Lingular pathology

Front 12

Bronchial cut - off sign

Back 12

Seen in lung collapse

( Eg left main stem bronchus in left lung collapse)

Front 13

IOC in pneumothorax

Back 13

CT

( For lesions containing air, IOC is always CT)

Front 14

Visceral pleural reflection

Back 14

Pneumothorax

Front 15

Chest x-ray in pneumothorax

Back 15

1. Absent bronchoalveolar margins

2. Visceral pleural reflection

3. Deep sulcus sign in supine position

Front 16

USG signs of pneumothorax

Back 16

1. Absent sea shore sign

2. Absent B lines

3. Absent comet tail

4. Barcode sign

5. Stratosphere sign

4 and 5 on M- mode of USG

Front 17

Normal lung USG

Back 17

1. sea shore sign

2. Batwing appearance of ribs and pleura

3. Comet tail appearance

4. B lines

Front 18

Fallen lung sign

Back 18

Fracture of bronchus

Seen

- inferiorly and laterally in upright posture

- posteriorly in supine position in

Front 19

CXR signs of pneumomediastinum

Back 19

1. Thymic sail sign

2. Spinnaker sign

3. Continuous diaphragm sign

4. V sign of Naclerio

Front 20

Spinnaker sign

Back 20

- aka Thymic sail sign- seen in pneumomediastinum- air comes in between thymus and heart, lifting the thymus away from heart

Front 21

Pneumoperitoneum signs

Back 21

1. Air under diaphragm

2. Football sign

3. Cupola sign

4. Umbilical ligament sign

5. Inverted V sign

6. Rigler's sign

7. Falciform ligament sign

8. Ligamentum teres sign

9. Uranus sign

10. Telltale triangle sign

11. Morrison gas sign

12. Doge's Cap sign

Front 22

Cupola sign

Back 22

Air under central tendon of diaphragm

Front 23

Doge's Cap sign

Back 23

Air in Morrison's pouch

Front 24

Rigler's sign

Back 24

Air on either side of bowel

Front 25

Telltale triangle sign

Back 25

Triangular air lucency

Front 26

Pseudo pneumoperitoneum

Back 26

1. Chilaiditi syndrome - bowel is interscoped between right hemi diaphragm and liver

2. Other causes : subphrenic abscess, basal atelectasis, subpulmonic pneumothorax

Front 27

Ellis curve

Back 27

Concave upward curve seen in pleural effusion

Front 28

Pleural effusion and amount of fluid required to be detected

1. PA view CXR

2. Lateral view

3. Lateral decubitus

4. USG

Back 28

1. 150 - 200 ml

2. 75 ml

3. 15-25 ml

4. < 10 ml

Front 29

Phantom tumor

Back 29

Interlobar effusion

Front 30

Split pleura sign in CT

Back 30

Empyema

Front 31

Horizontal air fluid level in CXR

Back 31

Hydropneumothorax

Front 32

Golden S sign

Back 32

- aka reverse S sign

- seen in bronchogenic carcinoma with right upper lobe collapse

- upper concavity : RUL collapse

- lower convexity : mass ( bronchogenic Ca)

Front 33

Juxta phrenic peak sign

Back 33

- Due to upper lobe atelectasis

- Shadow is caused by traction on the lower end of the major fissure / inferior accessory fissure / inferior pulmonary ligament

Front 34

Silhouette signs : obstruction of

1. Left heart border

2. Aortic knuckle

3. Right heart border

Back 34

1. Lingular pathology

2. Left apico-posterior pathology

3. Right middle lobe pathology

Front 35

1. Cervicothoracic sign

2. Thoracoabdominal sign

Back 35

1. To differentiate lesion in thoracic inlet-

Anterior / posterior mediastinum / cervical region

2. Differentiate lesions located close to hemidiaphragm

Front 36

Spine sign

Back 36

- lateral x-ray

- commonly occurs in left lower lobe pneumonia

- sudden interruption of vertebral body lucency

✓ normally the vertebral body lucency increases as we go downwards

Front 37

Luftsichel sign

Back 37

- Sickle shaped lucency of air in CXR

- seen in left upper lobe collapse

- d/t compensatory hyperinflation of superior segment of left lower lobe

Front 38

Flat waist sign

Back 38

- left lower lobe collapse

- caused by leftward displacement and rotation of heart

Front 39

Air bronchogram sign

Back 39

Alveolar opacities with air inside bronchus intact

Seen in :

✓ consolidation / pneumonia

✓ pulmonary edema

✓ bronchoalveolar carcinoma

✓ ARDS / Hyaline membrane ds

Front 40

Carcinoma that mimics pneumonia

Back 40

Bronchoalveolar carcinoma

Front 41

CT angiogram sign

Back 41

vessels seen in airless portion of lung in CECT

Associated with

- bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma

- lymphoma

- infectious pneumonias