Radiology Test 6 Review (Part 2)

Front 1

What is injury produced by an external force?

Back 1

Trauma

Front 2

What means breaking of a part?

Back 2

Fracture

Front 3

What type of fracture most often occur in the anterior teeth, and may involve just enamel or through the pulp?

Back 3

Crown fractures

Front 4

What type of fracture occurs most often in the Max. central area, and is critical that they paralleling technique is used to show entire tooth on radiograph, and appears as a thin radiolucent line that may widen over time?

Back 4

Root fractures

Front 5

What type of fracture occurs more frequently than any other facial bone, often result from accidnets, assaults and sport injuries; the panoramic film is the film of choice and a thin radiolucent line will be visible?

Back 5

Jaw fractures

Front 6

T/F Maxillary jaw fractures are the easiest to detect.

Back 6

False- Maxillary fractures are the hardest to detect, because the bone is less dense.

Front 7

What is the abnormal displacement of teeth?

Back 7

Luxation

Front 8

What is the term for when a tooth gets displaced into the bone?

Back 8

Intrusion

Front 9

What is the term for when a tooth gets displaced out of bone?

Back 9

Extrusion

Front 10

What is the term for the complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar bone?

Back 10

Avulsion

Front 11

What type of resorption occurs with normal shedding of primary teeth (roots)?

Back 11

Physiologic resorption

Front 12

What type of resorption occurs when a tooth is subjected to abnormal stimuli?

Back 12

Pathologic resorption

Front 13

What type of resorption is seen along the periphery of the root surface, affects the apices to appear shortened and blunted; the lamina dura and bone appear normal, no clinical signs or symptoms, no extra mobility, and there is not treatment.

Back 13

External resorption

Front 14

What type of things is external resorption associated with?

Back 14

Reimplanted teeth, abnormal mechanical forces, trauma, chronic inflammation (perio), tumors, cysts, impacted teeth, or is idiopathic.

Front 15

What type of resorption involves the pulp and dentin of the crown/root, precipitated by trauma, pulp capping, pulp polyps and is generally asymptomatic?

Back 15

Internal resorption

Front 16

T/F Root canal therapy is always the tx option for internal resorption.

Back 16

False - Root canal therapy is an option only if sufficent tooth is present, if not you need to extract.

Front 17

What type of pulpal lesion involves the calcification of the pulpal chamber resulting in decreased size; is associated with aging; has no clinical features or symptoms; and is only a problem is a RC is needed?

Back 17

Pulpal Sclerosis

Front 18

What type of pulpal lesion involves complete obliteration of the pulp and replacement with 2nd dentin; is also associated with a non-vital tooth and doesn't need treatment?

Back 18

Pulpal Obliteration

Front 19

During pulpal obliteration, secondary dentin is laid down in response to what?

Back 19

Attrition, caries, restorations, trauma, abnormal mechanical forces, etc.

Front 20

What type of pulpal lesion involves calcifications found within the pulp; has an unknown cause; appears radiographically as rounded radiopacities; and are asymptomatic and do not require treatment?

Back 20

Pulp Stones

Front 21

T/F Periapical Radiolucencies can be diagnosed by radiographic examination only?

Back 21

False - It can't be done by radiographic exam alone.

Front 22

What are the three types of periapical radiolucenies?

Back 22

1. Periapical Granuloma

2. Periapical Cyst (radicular cyst)

3. Periapical Abcess

Front 23

What type of periapical radiolucencies is composed of granulation tissue at the apex of a nonvital tooth, appears radiographically as a widened PDL space at the apex of the root, which then forms a round radiolucency at the apex.

Back 23

Periapical Granuloma

Front 24

T/F Periapical granulomas are the most common sequela of pulpitis, give rise to either a perapical cyst or abscess, and are usually asymptomatic.

Back 24

True

Front 25

T/F Treatment for a periapical granuloma is either RC or extraction.

Back 25

True

Front 26

What type of periapical radiolcencies develops usually from a periapical granuloma over a long period of time; most common tooth related cysts (50-70%); is generally asymptomatic and treatment requires a RC or extraction?

Back 26

Periapical Cyst "radicular cyst"

Front 27

What type of periapical radiolucencies is a localized collection of pus at PA region as a result of pulp death; can be either acute or chronic; and treatment is either RC and drainage, or extraction?

Back 27

Periapical abscess

Front 28

What are three types of periapical radiopacities?

Back 28

1. Condensing Osteitis

2. Sclerotic bone "Osteosclerosis" or idiopathic periapical osteosclerosis"

3. Hypercementosis

Front 29

What type of periapical radiopacities has "chronic focal sclerosing osteomyelitis", a defined radiopacity seen below the apex of a nonvital tooth; has a history of pulpitis; not attached to the tooth root; caused in response to low grade infection; and not treatment is necessary?

Back 29

Condensing osteitis

Front 30

What type of periapical radiopacitiy is the most common periapical radiopacity in adults (especially in the mand. 1st molars)?

Back 30

Condensing osteitis

Front 31

What type of periapical radiopacity is well definied radiopacity below the apices of a vital, non-carious tooth; is asymptomatic, requires no treatment, and are not attached to the tooth?

Back 31

Sclerotic bone "Osteosclerosis" or idiopathic periapical osteosclerosis"

Front 32

What type of periapical radiopacity has an excess accumulation of cementum on the root; apex of rooth is most commonly affected; is asymptomatic and no treatment is necessary?

Back 32

Hypercementosis

Front 33

What type of things cause hypercementosis?

Back 33

Supraeruption, inflammation, trauma, or no known cause.

Front 34

T/F Extraction of a tooth with hypercementosis is easy to remove.

Back 34

False - it actually can become difficult

Front 35

What are three other names for the bisecting techinique?

Back 35

Bisecting angle technique; Bisection-of-the-angle tech.; and short-cone technique

Front 36

What is the term that means to divide into two equal parts?

Back 36

Bisect

Front 37

What is the term that means equality of measurement (mirror image)?

Back 37

Isometry

Front 38

What rule means that two triangles are equal if they have two equal angles and share a common side?

Back 38

Rule of Isometry

Front 39

What term describes the plane that divides in half the angle formed by the film and the long axis of the tooth?

Back 39

Imaginary bisector

Front 40

What does the imaginary bisector create?

Back 40

Creates two equal or isometric angles, that are right angles and congruent; the hypotenuse of one triangle is the long axis of the tooth and the other hypotenuse is the film.

Front 41

The central ray muct be directed ______________ to the ______________?

Back 41

Perpendicular; imaginary bisector

Front 42

What are three types of film holders used for the bisecting technique?

Back 42

1. RINN BAI Intrument

2. Stabe Bite-Block

3. Snap-A-Ray

Front 43

What two types of film holders are used both in paralleling and bisecting techniques?

Back 43

1. Stabe Bite-Block

2. Snap-A-Ray

Front 44

What are the reasons NOT to use a finger to hold the film durning the bisecting technique.

Back 44

1. Primary beam will expose the patients finger and hand

2. The patient may bend the film by applying too much pressure

3. The film may slip out of position

4. It's difficult to align the PID

5. Infection controls not met.

Front 45

Describe the film size and where they are placed during the bisecting technique.

Back 45

You use size 1 for anterior, and use size 2 for either anterior or posterior; Anterior films are placed vertically and posterior films are place horizontally.

Front 46

What type of angulation does not differ according to the exposure technique used? And you direct the beam through the contacts?

Back 46

Horizontal angulation

Front 47

What type of angulation is directed perpendicular to the imaginary bisector?

Back 47

Vertical angulation

Front 48

What causes the image of the tooth to appear shortened?

Back 48

Foreshortening

Front 49

What causes the image of the tooth appears too long?

Back 49

Elongation

Front 50

What causes a foreshortened image to occur?

Back 50

Excessive vertical angulation (too steep)

Front 51

What causes a elongated image to occur?

Back 51

Insufficent vertical angulation

Front 52

Where do you place the film during the bisecting technique?

Back 52

Depends on the teeth that you are taking the x-ray of.

Front 53

What is the film placement durning the bisecting technique?

Back 53

The film is placed against the tooth, the occlusal end of the film should extend at lease 1/8 inch beyond the incisal/occlusal surface.

Front 54

Where is the vertical angulation placed durning the bisecting technique?

Back 54

The central ray is directed perpendicular to the imaginary bisector that divides the angle formed by the film and long axis of the tooth.

Front 55

Where is the horizontal angulation placed during the bisecting technique?

Back 55

Through the contacts.

Front 56

What are the four steps in the procedure to take a film w/ the bisecting technique?

Back 56

1. Patient preparation

2. Equipment preparation

3. Exposure sequence for film placement

4. Film placement

Front 57

What is the exposure sequence for film placement in the bisecting technique?

Back 57

1. Maxillary right (premolar then molar region)

2. Mandibular right (premolar then molar region) 3. Maxillary left (premolar then moral region)

4. Mandibular left (premolar then molar region)

Front 58

What are the advantages of the bisecting technique?

Back 58

1. Can be used without the film holder

2. Shorter exposure time

3. Can be used on virtually every patient (even w/ shallow palate, tori, and exostoses)

Front 59

What are the disadvantages of the bisecting technique?

Back 59

Disadvantages outweigh the advantages, the paralleling technique should be used whenever possible.

Front 60

What can cause image distortion during the bisecting technique?

Back 60

Because the short PID is used there are more divergent x-rays, resulting in image magnification, by not correctly reproducing the height of the alveolar bone.

Front 61

T/F It is difficult to get vertical angulation correct, and is not easily reproducible in the bisecting technique.

Back 61

True

Front 62

Why can the bisecting technique cause unnecessary exposure?

Back 62

Caused by either the finger holding the film or the thyroid gland with a steep vertical angulation.

Front 63

If you have to use a finger during the bisecting technique, what is the proper way to do so?

Back 63

Thumb is always placed behind the film and teeth; the thumb is used for max. films, the index finger used for mand. films. The pts left hand for right side, and pts right hand for left side. Don't press down to firmly, and near the cervical area of the tooth.