Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the unit of time used to measure x-rays exposure
|
Impulses
|
|
|
A diagnostic film is produced using 10 mA and .5 second. What exposure time is needed to produce the same film at 20 mA?
|
.25 seconds
|
|
|
A threshold curve plotted on a graph best demonstrates:
A. No response is seen below a certain level B. Response is proportional to dose with response all along the curve C. Response is seen at any dose |
A. No response is seen below a certain level
|
|
|
Identify which of the following is used to make a collimator:
A. aluminum B. copper C. lead D. tungsten |
c. lead
|
|
|
Identify one use for the occlusal radiograph:
a. localize foreign bodies b. diagnose dental caries c. evaluate periodontal conditions |
a. localize foreign bodies
|
|
|
which of the following describes the use of a filter in a dental x-ray tubehead?
a. a filter reduces the size and shape of the beam b. a filter removes low-energy x-rays c. a filter removes the dose or radiation to the thyroid gland d. a filter decreases the mean energy of the beam |
b. a filter removes low-energy x-rays
|
|
|
which of the following is MOST radioapaque?
a. amalgam b. porcelain c. composite d. acrylic |
a. amalgam
|
|
|
when viewed on a light source, a dental radiograph that demonstrates many shades of gray is said to have:
a. high contrast b. low contrast c. high density d. low density |
b. low contrast
|
|
|
the premolar bitewing radiograph should be placed to include which of the following anatomical structures?
a. all of the crown of the maxillary first premolar b. all of the mandibular canine crown c. the distal half of the maxillary canine crown d. the mesial half of the maxillary first molar crown |
c. the distal half of the maxillary canine crown
|
|
|
Identify the maximum permissible dose (MPD) of an occupationally exposed person:
a. 0.01 Sv/year b. 0.02 Sv/year c. 0.03 Sv/year d. 0.05 Sv/year |
d. 0.05 Sv/year
|
|
|
Image magnification results from decreased:
a. target size b. target-film distance c. object-film distance |
b. target-film distance
|
|
|
which of the following factors control the quality of the x-ray beam and thus film contrast?
a. exposure time b. aluminum filtration c. mA d. distance |
b. aluminum filtration
|
|
|
Identify the recommended positioning of the dental radiographer to the primary beam:
a. 60 - 90 degrees b. 90 - 120 degrees c. 90 - 135 degrees d. 135 - 180 degrees |
c. 90 - 135 degrees
|
|
|
identify the cells that are most sensitive to x-radiation:
a. nerve cells b. muscle cells c. small lymphocytes d. cardiac cells |
c. small lyphocytes
|
|
|
The standard film size used for adult bitwings and posterior periapicals is number:
a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 0 |
b. 2
|
|
|
which component of the tubehead aims and shapes the x-ray?
a. metal housing b. tubehead seal c. aluminum disks d. position-indicating device |
d. position-indicating device
|
|
|
identify the angulation of the central ray when using the bisecting angle technique:
a. 90 degrees to the imaginary bisector b. 90 degrees to the film c. 90 degrees to the long axis of the tooth d. 90 degrees to the contact area |
a. 90 degrees to the imaginary bisector
|
|
|
Identify the x-rays that are most likely absorbed by the skin, thus causing x-ray injury:
a. deep, penetrating x-rays b. aluminum-filtered x-rays c. long-wavelength x-rays d. short-wavelenght x-rays |
c. long-wavelength x-rays
|
|
|
the dental x-ray beam consists of photon of many different wavelengths, with the shortest wavelength (quality) photons determined by:
a. milliamperage (mA) b. kilovoltage (kVp) c. the timer d. Coefficiency of attenuation |
b. kilovoltage (kVp)
|
|
|
identify which of the following is true concerning radiation injury:
a. all radiation injuries are evident immediately b. x-ray radiation only injures somatic cells c. acute injury due to dental x-radiation exposure is common d. cumulative effects of x-radiation exposure lead to health problems |
d. cumulative effects of x-radiation exposure lead to health problems
|
|
|
If the distance from the source to the object is tripled, the intensity of the x-ray beam at the new distance would be:
a. one ninth the original distance b. one sixth the original distance c. one third the original distance d. one half the original distance |
a. one ninth the original distance
|
|
|
The paralleling technique using the extension cone, compared with the bisecting angle technique, involves
a. greater vertical angulation b. greater object-to-film distance c. shorter developing time d. shorter anode-to-film distance e. all the above |
b. greater object-to-film distance
|
|
|
if the operator wants to change from the long-scale (low contrast) film technique to a short-scale (high contrast) film technique and maintain the same density of the film, what should be done?
a. decrease kVp and the mA b. decrease the kVp and increase the mA c. increase the kVp and the mA d. increase the kVp and decrease the mA e. increase the kVp and use the same mA |
b. decrease the kVp and increase the mA
|
|
|
when using the bisecting angle technique, directing the x-ray beam perpendicular to the long axis of the teeth causes
a. an overlapping of tooth images b. a reduction of tooth images c. a foreshortening of tooth images d. an elongation of tooth images e. a decrease in the penumbra formation |
d. an elongation of tooth images
|
|
|
image magnification may be mineralized by
a. using a long cone b. using a short cone c. placing the film as far away from the tooth as possible d. shortening the exposure time |
a. using a long cone
|
|
|
when changing from a beam indicating device (BID) of 6" with an exposure time of 0.5 seconds to a BID of 12", the new exposure time would be how many seconds
a. 1 b. 1.5 c. 2 d. 2.5 e. 4.0 |
c. 2
|
|
|
which of the following structure is radiolucent
a. genial tubercles b. external oblique ridge c. hamular process d. nasal septum e. submandibular fossa |
e. submandibular fossa
|
|
|
Dental x-rays are
a. electromagnetic radiations b. particulate radiations c. subatonic radiations d. ultrasonic radiations e. microwave radiations |
a. electromagnetic radiations
|
|
|
the largest source of ionizing radiation exposure to a population is
a. consumer products b. medical and dental examinations c. atmospheric weapons tests d. nuclear energy production e. naturally occurring radionuclides |
e. naturally occuring radionuclides
|
|
|
Which of the following would increase the number of electrons flowing through the dental x-ray electrical circuit
a. an increase in the milliamperage b. an increase the kilovoltage c. an increase in the PID length |
a. an increase in the milliamperage
|
|
|
A setting of 85 kVp is equal to how many volts?
a. 850 b. 8500 c. 85,000 d. 850,000 e. 8,500,000 |
c. 85,000
|
|
|
True / False. True / False
voltage is the measurement of the number of electrons flowing in an electrical circuit. Decreasing the voltage decreases the force that moves the electrons along an electrical conductor. |
False / True
*voltage is the electrical pressure (sometimes called potential difference) between two electrical charges |
|
|
True / False. True / False
The cathode is the electrically negative portion of the vacuum tube, and it is composed of a focusing cup and filament. |
True / True
|
|
|
the kVp control regulates all of the following EXCEPT which one?
a. accelerating potential b. attraction between anode and cathode c. penetrating power of the x-ray beam d. heating of the filament |
d. heating of the filament
|
|
|
which of the following PID lengths BEST decreases radiation exposure to the patient and improves image resolution?
a. 8 inches b. 4 inches c. 12 inches d. 16 inches |
d. 16 inches
|
|
|
X-radiation was discovered by _________
|
Ruentgen
|
|
|
A quality radiograph is obtained using a 4 inch PID and an exposure time of 3 impulses. The PID was removed and replaced with a 16 inch PID. What should the new exposure time be to maintain image density?
|
48 impulses
|
|
|
In which of the following conditions would vertical bitewing radiographs be recommended over horizontal bitewing radiograph?
a. child with rampant caries b. adolescent with suspected third molar impactions c. adult with mal-aligned teeth d. adult wih periodontal diseases (bone loss) |
d. adult with periodontal diseases (bone loss)
|
|
|
When a patient's head is in the correct position, a _______ vertical angulation is used when exposing maxillary periapicals and a _______ vertical angulation is used when exposing mandibular periapicals
a. positive, positive b. negative, negative c. positive, negative d. negative, positive |
c. positive, negative
|
|
|
cutting off the root apex portion of the image on a periapical radiograph results from
a. excessive horizontal angulation b. inadequate horizontal angulation c. excessive vertical angulation d. inadequate vertical angulation |
d. inadequate vertical angulation
|
|
|
Identify an early clinical sign of excessive acute exposure to radiation:
a. jaundice c. erythema d. bleeding e. loss of hair d. all the above |
c. erythema
|
|
|
Identify the purpose of the radiation film badge
a. to reduce the radiation exposure to the patient b. to protect the radiographer from radiation exposure c. to protect the radiology cubicle from overheating d. to monitor the radiation exposure to the radiographer |
d. to monitor the radiation exposure to the radiographer
|
|
|
A diagnostic film is produced using 10mA and .45 second. What exposure time is needed to produce the same film at 15 mA?
a. 0.25 second b. 0.30 second c. 0.45 second d. 0.50 second |
b. 0.30 second
|
|
|
During pregnancy a patient:
a. should be advised of her legal rights before being irradiated b. should be warned about possible miscarriage. c. should never be irradiated for dental radiographs d. may be irradiated for dental radiographs by taking the necessary precautions |
d. may be irradiated for dental radiographs by taking the necessary precautions
|
|
|
Identify the reduction in exposure time when changing from D-speed film to E-speed film:
a. reduce by 1/8 b. reduce by 1/4 c. reduce by 1/3 d. reduce by 1/2 |
d. reduce by 1/2
|
|
|
Identify the recommended distance between the safelight and work surface:
a. minimum of 1 foot b. minimum of 2 feet c. minimum of 7 feet d. minimum of 4 feet |
d. minimum of 4 feet
|
|
|
The latent effect in radiology is:
a. a short-term effect b. is a direct effect c. is the time between exposure to radiation and the finding of clinical signs d. is the accumulative effect |
c. is the time between exposure to radiation and the findings of clinical signs
|
|
|
The inverese square law is a mathematical theory about
a. the production of x-rays and filtration b. the collimation of x-rays c. the length and quality of x-rays d. the distance from the x-ray tube to the object being exposed |
d. the distance from the x-ray tube to the object being exposed
|
|
|
the size of the x-ray focal spot influences radiographic:
a. density b. contrast c. definition d. distortion |
d. distortion
|
|
|
the first step in film processing is:
a. development b. rinsing c. fixation d. washing e. drying |
a. development
|
|
|
The optimal temperature for the developer solution in a manual film processing set up is:
a. 70 degrees F b. 68 degrees F c. 80 degrees F d. 90 degrees F e. 55 degrees F |
b. 68 degrees F
|
|
|
Identify the film that is used to detect both interproximal caries and crestal bone levels:
a. occlusal b. bite-wing c. panoramic d. periapical |
b. bite-wing
|
|
|
The purpose of the lead foil sheet in the film packet is:
a. to protect the film from primary radiation b. to protect the film from saliva c. to protect the film from back-scattered radiation d. to distinguish between the patient's right and left side |
c. to protect the film from the back-scattered radiation
|
|
|
The GBX-2 safelight filter by Kodak is recommended for:
a. intraoral films only b. extraoral screen films only c. extraoral nonscreen films only d. intraoral and extraoral films |
d. intraoral and extraoral films
|
|
|
A fixing agent found in the fixer is:
a. potassium alum b. acetic acid c. sodium thiosulfate |
c. sodium thiosulfate
|
|
|
Which of the following is the recommended size of the beam at the patient's face?
a. 2.75 inches b. 3.25 inches c. 3.50 inches d. 4.00 inches |
a. 2.75 inches
|
|
|
any leaks of white light into the darkroom will cause:
a. film fog b. film reticulation c. overdeveloped films d. underexposed films |
c. overdeveloped films
|
|
|
The following must be disclosed to the patient prior to obtaining informed consent:
a. the purpose of the procedure and who will perform it b. the potential benefits of receiving the procedure c. the possible risks involved in having the procedure performed, including the risk of not having the procedure performed d. all the above |
d. all the above
|
|
|
which of the following represents how soon radiation dissipates in a treatment room following a 5 impulse exposure?
a. immediately b. within 5 seconds c. within 30 seconds d. within 2 minutes e. never totally |
a. immediately
|
|
|
If kilovoltage is decreased with no other variations in exposure factors, the resultant film will
a. appear lighter b. appear darker c. remain the same d. either a or b |
a. appear lighter
|
|
|
The overall blackness of a film is termed
a. contrast b. density c. overexposure d. polychromatic |
b. density
|
|
|
Identify which of the following is true concerning labial mounting:
a. the patient's left is on your left b. the patient's left is on your right c. the teeth are mounted in reverse anatomic order d. the radiographs are viewed as if the operator were inside the patient's mouth looking out |
b. the patient's left is on your right
|
|
|
Ionization occurs:
a. when atoms lose electrons; they become deficient in negative charges and therefore behave as positively charged atoms. b. when atoms gain electrons; they become positively charged c. when an atom loses its nucleus d. only whn K-orbit electron is ejected and replaced by an L-orbit |
a. when atoms lose electrons; they become deficient in negative charges and therefore behave as postively charged atoms
|
|
|
Greater beam limitation is achived when the PID is ________ and the diameter of the opening is __________.
a. shorter; smaller b. longer; bigger c. shorter; bigger d. longer; smaller |
d. longer; smaller
|
|
|
which of the following is the location in which thermonic emission occurs?
a. positive cathode b. postive anode c. negative cathode d. negative anode |
c. negative cathode
|
|
|
the difference in degrees of blackness between adjacent areas on a dental radiograph is termed
a. density b. contrast c. subject thickness d. diagnostic quality |
b. contrast
|
|
|
A variation in the true size and shape of the object being radiographed is termed
a. magnification b. distortion c. sharpness d. resolution |
b. distortion
|
|
|
True/False;True/False
Radiation is the emission and propatation of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves or particles. Radioactivity can be defined as the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state |
True / True
|
|
|
Which of the following statements is true of general radation?
a. it is also known as braking (bremsstrahlung) radiation b. it is also known as characteristic radiation c. it is the source of the majority of x-rays that are produced d. both a and c |
d. both a and c
|
|
|
A diagnostic film is produced using 10mA and .45 second. What exposure time is needed to produce the same film as 5mA?
a. 0.90 second b. 0.30 second c. 0.45 second d. 0.50 second |
a. 0.90 second
|
|
|
What does ALARA stand for?
|
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
|
|
|
Which premolar usually has two roots?
a. maxillary first b. maxillary second c. mandibular first d. mandibular second |
a. maxillary first
|
|
|
When the mouth is opened widely, the articular disk moves
a. medially b. laterally c. anteriorly d. none of the above, it does not move |
c. anteriorly
|
|
|
which tooth has the longest root?
a. mandibular canine b. maxillary first premolar c. maxillary canine d. maxillary central |
c. maxillary canine
|
|
|
what is the lymph drainage for the tip of the tongue?
a. submandibular to facial to deep cervical b. submental to parotid to deep cervical c. submental to submandibular to deep cervical d. submandibular to parotid to deep cervical |
c. submental to submandibular to deep cervical
|
|
|
Where does Stensen's duct open?
a. opposite the maxillary second molars b. opposite the mandibular second molars c. under the tongue d. at the lingual foramen |
a. opposite the maxillary second molars
|
|
|
The most common artery used for determing pulse rate in the conscious adult is
a. radial b. brachial c. femoral d. external carotid e. superficial temporal |
a. radial
|
|
|
the mitral valve seperates the
a. left atrium from the aorta b. left atrium from the ventricle c. left atrium from the pulmonary vein d. right atrium from the right ventricle |
b. left atrium from the ventricle
|
|
|
which gland secretes serous saliva ONLY?
a. parotid b. sublingual c. submandibular |
a. parotid
|
|
|
the suture between the premaxilla and the palatine process of the maxilla lies between
a. central incisors b. central and lateral incisors c. laterla incisor and canine d. canine and first premolar |
c. lateral incisors and canine
|
|
|
the nasopalatine nerve enters the oral cavity by way of the
a. mental foramen b. incisive foramen c. pterygopalatine foramen d. lesser palatine |
b. incisive foramen
|
|
|
Pain impulses from the periodontal ligament are carried by which of the following cranial nerves?
a. I b. III c. V d. VII |
C. V
|
|
|
Which of the following premolars often has three cusps?
a. maxillary first b. maxillary second c. mandibular first d. mandibular second |
d. mandibular second
|
|
|
Histologically, gingival epithelium most closely resembles epithelium of the:
a. hard palate b. soft palate c. vestibular mucosa d. transitional zone of the lips |
a. hard palate
|
|
|
which nerve innervates the mandibular posterior teeth?
a. mental b. buccal c. incisive d. inferior alveolar |
d. inferior alveolar
|
|
|
Name 4 bones of the skull:
|
Frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, temporal, ethmoid
|
|
|
the temporalis muscle inserts into the
a. zygomatic arch b. medial side of the angle of the mandible c. mandibular molars d. sphenoid bone e. coronoid process of the mandible |
e. coronoid process of the mandible
|
|
|
Which papilla have no taste buds?
a. foliate b. circumvallate c. fungiform d. filiform |
d. filiform
|
|
|
which bone contains the superior orbital fissure?
a. maxilla b. temporal c. occipital d. sphenoid |
d. sphenoid
|
|
|
the nasopalatine nerve is a branch of which division of the trigeminal nerve?
a. ophthalmic division b. maxillary division c. mandibular division d. occipital division |
b. maxillary division
|
|
|
The hypoglossal nerve supplies the
a. sublingual gland b. muscles of the tongue c. mucous membrane of the floor of the oral cavity d. mucous membrane of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue |
b. muscles of the tongue
|
|
|
Energy production for the cell is accomplished through oxidation of nutrients in the
a. cell membrane b. lysosomes c. mitochondria d. endoplasmic reticulum |
c. mitochondria
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a muscle of facial expression?
a. levator labii superioris b. depressor anguli oris c. buccinator d. mentalis e. medial pterygoid |
e. medial pterygoid
|
