Radiology Pathology Midterm 2010

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caused by mutations in the 2 structural genes that encode the a1 and a2 peptides of type 1 collagen. the main collagen of bone and skin
(Subtractive ) tarda, deafness

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Osteogenesis imperfecta
( brittle bone disease)

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most common inherited disorder of the skeletal system. results in bone deformity and dwarfism
(narrowed foramen magnum) causing neural compression

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Achondroplasia

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bone forming cells that line the medullary canal and are interspersed throughout the periosteum

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Osteoblasts

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specialized cells the break down bone to enlarge the medullary canal and allow for bone growth

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Osteoclasts

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marble bone( skeletal modeling) abnormally heavy and compact bone, yet brittle. All bones can be affected. Most common:extremities, vertebrae, pelvis, base of skull.(additive)

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Osteopetrosis

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common form of osteosclerotic osteopetrosis. increased bone density, with fairly normal bone
contour

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Albers-Schonberg disease

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webbed digits

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Syndactyly

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presence of extra digits

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Polydactyly

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malformation of the acetabulum-does not form completely. unilateral or bilateral. Head of femur displaced Superiorly and posteriorly

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Developmental Dysplasia of the hip-(DDH)

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abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
convex to the right-thoracic
convex to the left-Lumbar

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Scoliosis

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Takes on characteristics of both vertebrae on each side. Eg: !st lumbar vertebrae may have rudimentary ribs

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Transitional Vertebrae

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Incomplete closure of the vertebral canal. most common in Lumbosacral area

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Spina Bifida

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congenital anomaly-cause an overgrowth of unfused sutures to accommodate brain growth, altering the shape of the head

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Craniosynotosis

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congenital abnormality- brain and cranial vault do not form. In most cases only the facial bones are formed. Death shortly after birth

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Anencephaly

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infection of bone marrow and bone caused by a pathogenic organism(hematogenous)from an infection within a contiguous site, or direct introduction of the microorganism

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Osteomyelitis

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chronic inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Tuberculosis

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Tuberculosis of the spine

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Pott's Disease

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disorders of the joints. including, but not limited to: arthritis, bursitis, tendonitis, and tenosynovitis.

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Arthropathies

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inflammation of the joint

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Arthritis

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Caused by; S. aureus, streptococci, and neisseria gonorrhaeae. rapid onset of pain, redness, swelling, often accompanied by fever

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Infectious arthritis

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inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis of the skin and involves rheumatoid-like destructive process that affects the distal phalangial joints of the hands and feet

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Psoriatic arthritis

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(rheumatoid arthritis-variant) involves the sacroiliac joints, calcaneus, and toes. associated with: GI and genitourinary infections

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Reiter's Syndrome

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Chronic autoimmune disease that may fluctuate in severity. Can be deforming to joints. Late changes can be severe: bone and cartilage destruction, dislocation

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Rheumatoid arthritis

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progressive arthritis mainly involving the soine

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Ankylosing spondylitis
(Marie Strumpell Disease)

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inflammatory or erosive and destructive
arthritis

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Osteoarthritis
(degenerative joint disease)

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Bone spurs
Indicate osteoarthritis

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Osteophytes

Front 27

Inflammation of ta tendon

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tendonitis

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Inflammation of tendon and sheath

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tensinovitis

Front 29

excess uric acid deposits in joints, especially the big toe

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Gouty arthritis

Front 30

inflammation of the bursa sac

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Bursitis

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cystic swelling that develops in connection with a tendon sheath

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Ganglion

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slippage of the body of the vertebrae
most common in lumbar
esp, L5-S1 (90%)

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spodylolithesis

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5th lumbar vertebrae
cleft or breaking down of the body of a vertebrae between the superior and inferior articular processes. broken neck on "Scotty dog"

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spondylolysis

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Bone Tumors

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Neoplastic disease

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most common "benign" bone tumor.
affects men 3 times more than women. arise from metaphysis of long bones.

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Osteochondroma

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excessive bone growth

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Exostoses

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"benign" bone tumor commonly located on the skull. Can cause obstructions in the; nasal cavity, cranium, or oral cavity

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Osteoma

Front 38

slow growing bone tumor"benign" composed of cartilage. It grows in marrow space, affects small bones of the hands and feet. they do not invade surrounding tissue

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endochondroma

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wall of fibrous tissue filled with fluid
long bones of children
80% 3-14 yrs of age
boys more than girls

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simple unicameral bone cyst

Front 40

idiopathic-not true neoplasm
metaphysis of long bones
blood filled arterio-venous communications

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aneurysmal bone cyst

Front 41

cystic swelling that develops in connection with a tendon sheath

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Ganglion

Front 42

slippage of the body of the vertebrae
most common in lumbar
esp, L5-S1 (90%)

Back 42

spodylolithesis

Front 43

5th lumbar vertebrae
cleft or breaking down of the body of a vertebrae between the superior and inferior articular processes. broken neck on "Scotty dog"

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spondylolysis

Front 44

Bone Tumors

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Neoplastic disease

Front 45

most common "benign" bone tumor.
affects men 3 times more than women. arise from metaphysis of long bones.

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Osteochondroma

Front 46

excessive bone growth

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Exostoses

Front 47

"benign" bone tumor commonly located on the skull. Can cause obstructions in the; nasal cavity, cranium, or oral cavity

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Osteoma

Front 48

slow growing bone tumor"benign" composed of cartilage. It grows in marrow space, affects small bones of the hands and feet. they do not invade surrounding tissue

Back 48

endochondroma

Front 49

wall of fibrous tissue filled with fluid
long bones of children
80% 3-14 yrs of age
boys more than girls

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simple unicameral bone cyst

Front 50

idiopathic-not true neoplasm
metaphysis of long bones
blood filled arterio-venous communications

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aneurysmal bone cyst

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subtractive-
50% benign, 35% recur after surgery, 15% aggressive and malignant from beginning. Affects ends of long bones

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Giant cell tumor (GCT's)

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arises from osteoblasts, second most common malignancy of skeleton. highly aggressive, forming in bone marrow

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Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)

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additive-malignant- involves medullary canal
uniform thickening of bone, 5-15 boys more than girls,

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Ewing's sarcoma

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malignant-additive, composed of atypical cartilage. Pelvis. shoulder, ribs most common. 10% of malignant skeletal tumors. men 3 times more than women

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Chondrosarcoma

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spine most common for metastases to occur(from) most common; breast, lung, prostate, kidney, thyroid, and bowel. Via blood or lymphatic

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metastases from other sites