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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Renal mass lesions
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solid tumors
cysts lobar nephronia abscess XGP duplicated collecting system fetal lobulation dromedary hump column of Bertin hematoma |
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Solid renal neoplasm
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RCC
oncocytoma adenoma AML TCC mets (lung, colon, melanoma, RCC) lymphoma Wilms mesoblastic nephroma nephroblastomatosis MFH |
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Cystic renal masses
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cystic RCC
multilocular cystic nephroma cystic Wilms cystic mets cortical cysts localized cystic disease medullary cystic disease ADPKD VHL TS endstage renal failure hemorrhagic or infected cyst hydronephrosis/duplicated system renal artery aneurysm abscess |
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Hyperechoic renal mass
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AML
RCC milk of calcium cyst nephritis hematoma infarction mimics (renal sinus fat, duplicated collecting system) |
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Renal sinus mass
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TCC
RCC lymphoma papilloma renal artery aneurysm reanl sinus hemorrhage complicated parapelvic cyst |
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Wedge-shaped renal lesion
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renal mets
infarction lobar nephritis |
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Infiltrative renal disease
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TCC
mets lymphoma infarction pyelonephritis XGP |
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Diffusely hyperechoic kidneys
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glomerulonephritis
DM HTN AIDS nephropathy SLE vasculitis ATN HUS multiple myeloma endstage renal failure medullary or cortical nephrocalcinosis ARPKD pyelo Goodpastures Sickle cell Glycogen storage disease |
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Renal calcifications
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cysts
RCC TB medullary nephrocalcinosis cortical nephrocalcinosis calculi papillary necrosis brucelliosis |
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Fat in kidney
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AML
lipoma replacement lipomatosis liposarcoma teratoma |
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Hypoechoic perirenal fat
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normal variant
perirenal hemorrhage cyst rupture SLE PAN |
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Filling defect in collecting system
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TCC
papilloma leukoplakia malakoplakia blood clot sloughed papillae calculus fungus ball vascular impression overlying bowel gas |
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Papillary necrosis
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POSTCARD
-pyelonephritis -obstruction -sickle cell -TB -cirrhosis -analgesics -RVT -DM |
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Delayed (persistent nephrogram)
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RAS
hypotension acute glomerulonephritis ATN/contrast reaction acute cortical necrosis tubular precipitation actue interstitial nephritis/antibiotics papillary necrosis RVT obstruction |
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Striated nephrogram
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CHOIR BOY
-Contusion -Hypotension -Obstruction -Intratubular obstruction -RVT -Bacterial pyelonephritis -Obstruction -cYstic diseases medullary sponge kidney |
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Large kidney with spindled calyces
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lymphoma
leukemia pyelonephritis acute RA occlusion acute RVT acute obstruction |
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Normal sized kidney with spindled calyces
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mutiple cysts (parapelvic or peripelvic)
renal sinus lipomatosis |
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Hypodense rim
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acute cortical necrosis
perinephric lymphoma |
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Subcapsular rim sign
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infarct
ATN RVT |
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Extracalyceal contrast - striations
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medullary sponge kidney
early papillary necrosis pyelosinus or pyelovenous backflow in obstruction interstitial edema |
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Extracalyceal contrast - focal collections
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late papillary necrosis
calyceal diverticulum cavity from cyst rupture abscess |
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Dilated calyces/collecting system
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obstruction
papillary necrosis congenital megacalyces calyceal diverticulum reflux |
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Bilaterally enlarged kidneys
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ADPKD
lymphoma glomerulonephritis HIV amyloid bilateral RVT |
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Bilaterally small kidneys
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chronic inflammation
bilateral RAS chronic reflux ESRD |
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Unilateral renal atrophy (smooth)
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chronic ischemia (RAS, RVT)
postobstructive atrophy renal hypoplasia chronic subcapsular hematoma radiation |
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Unilateral renal atrophy (irregular)
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reflux nephropathy
analgesic nephropathy DM |
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Renal TB
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parenchymal calcs
putty kidney papillary necrosis tuberculoma scarring mucosal irregularity infundibular stenosis amputated calyx corkscrew ureter purse-string stenosis of renal pelvis pipestem ureter calculi small contracted thick-walled bladder urethral fistulas (watering can perineum) |
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Hypercalcemia
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parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia
Addison disease milk alkali sarcoid carcinomatosis HPT myeloma immobilization vitD thiazides |
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Cortical nephrocalcinosis
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chronic glomerulonephritis
cortical necrosis (pregnancy, shock, sepsis, toxins) AIDS nephropathy Alports oxalosis chronic transplant rejection |
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Medullary nephrocalcinosis
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HPT
RTA medullary sponge kidney papillary necrosis Lasix therapy in kids hypercalcemia oxalosis |
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Renal vein thrombosis
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RCC
Wilms lymphoma TCC adrenal CA gonadal CA pancreatic CA extraluminal compression by retroperitoneal tumor membranous glomerulonephritis SLE amyloid hypercoagulable state extension of ovarian vein or IVC thrombosis trauma surgery transplant complication dehydration in kids |
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Dilated ureter (>8mm)
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primary megaureter (functional)
ureteral stricture calculus BOO urethral stricture reflux diuresis |
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Ureteral stricture
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TCC/SCC
mets LAD TB (corkscrew appearance) schistosomiasis crohns PID ectopic ureterocele primary megaureter congenital stenosis amyloid morphine, methysergide (RPF) iatrogenic radiation aneurysm ovarian vein syndrome lymphocele crossing vessel RPF |
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Multiple ureteral filling defects (wall)
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ureteritis cystica (more common in upper ureter)
vascular impressions multiple papillomas melanoma mets submucosal hemorrhage fibroepithelial polyp |
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Multiple ureteral filling defects (luminal - acute angles)
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calculi
blood clot sloughed papilla fungas ball air bubbles TCC |
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Ureteral diverticula
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congenital
pseudodiverticulosis TB |
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Deviated ureters - lateral
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bulky RP LAD
primary RP tumors RP fluid collection aneurysm malrotated kidney ovarian or uterine mass |
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Deviated ureters - medial
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posterior bladder diverticulum
fibroids RP fibrosis postoperative enlarged prostate retrocaval ureter (only on R side) |
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Bladder wall thickening (>5mm)
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TCC
lymphoma radiation cytoxan infection IBD appendicitis diverticulitis BPH PUV ectopic ureterocele urethral stricture neurogenic |
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Bladder neoplasm
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TCC
SCC adenocarcinoma leiomyoma pheochromocytoma mets (melanoma, prostate) lymphoma urachal adenoCA (dome) |
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Risk factors for TCC
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smoking
cytoxan radiation interstitial nephritis aniline dyes phenacetin |
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Risk factors for SCC
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Schistosomiasis
calculi chronic infection leukoplakia |
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Risk factors for bladder adenocarcinoma
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bladder exstrophy
urachal remnent cystitis glandularis |
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Bladder filling defect
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TCC
SCC mets leiomyoma endometriosis polyps PID Schistosomiasis fungus ball leukoplakia malacoplakia cystitis cystica cystitis glandularis calculi blood clot BPH foreign body ureterocele pseudoureterocele adjacent inflammatory process amyloid |
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Bladder wall calcifications
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SCRITT
-Schistosomiasis -cytoxan -radiation -interstitial cystitis -TB -TCC |
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Air in bladder
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instrumentation
catheter bladder fistula (diverticulitis, Crohns, colon CA) emphysematous cystitis (DM) |
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Teardrop bladder
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normal variant
iliopsoas hypertrophy hematoma abscess lymphoma pelvic lipomatosis RP fibrosis IVC obstruction |
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Bladder fistulas
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diverticulitis
Crohns CA surgery radiation |
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Bladder diverticula
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congenital (Hutch, urachal)
acquired (BOO) |
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Bladder rupture
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trauma
radiation tumor cystitis neurogenic bladder |
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"Female prostate"
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urethral diverticulum
urethral tumor periurethritis pubic bone lesion |
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Urethral stricture
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GC
trauma iatrogenic |
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Adrenal masses
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adenoma
mets (esp small cell) pheochromocytoma lymphoma neuroblastoma carcinoma hemangioma myelipoma lipoma simple cyst pseudocyst from hemorrhage hemorrhage TB Wolman's disease |
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Bilateral adrenal masses
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hemorrhage
mets lymphoma bilateral pheo (MEN2, VHL, NF) TB Histo adenomas hyperplasia |
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Adrenal calcifications
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neuroblastoma
pheochromocytoma carcinoma myelolipoma hemangioma TB histo meningococcemia hemorrhage Wolmans Addisons cyst |
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Adrenal pseudotumors
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gastric fundus
varices tortuous splenic artery pancreatic tail medial splenic lobulation |
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Large retroperitoneal mass
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hematoma
abscess adenopathy from lymphoma or mets liposarcoma leiomyosarcoma MFH neurogenic tumor germ cell tumor |
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Retroperitoneal hematoma
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anticoagulation
trauma iatrogenic ruptured AAA RCC AML |
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Retroperitoneal air
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trauma (perforation)
ERCP emphysematous pyelonephritis |
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Retroperitoneal abscess
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pancreatitis
renal inflammatory disease osteomyelitis |
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Retroperitoneal fibrosis
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idiopathic
methysergide radiation surgery lymphoma mets retroperitoneal fluid inflammation from other organs |
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Clubbed calyx
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papillary necrosis
reflux nephropathy chronic obstruction |
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Notched ureters
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RAS
RVT ovarian vein thrombosis |
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Syndromes with renal cysts
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VHL
TS Meckel Gruber Zellweger Jeune Trisomy 13 |
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Absent nephrogram
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vascular pedicle injury/trauma
thromboembolism (afib, sickle cell) renal artery dissection XGP |
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Renal mass - ball
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RCC
lymphoma oncocytoma MLCN AML Mets focal/tumefactive XGP |
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Renal mass - Bean
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lymphoma
SCC TC Medullary carcinoma mets (usually SCC) infection infarct nephroblastomatosis |
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Renal mets
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melanoma
breast colon lung |
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Abnormal High RI (>.07-0.8)
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RVT
acute rejection ATN pyelo (CMV) extrarenal fluid (urinoma) |
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Hypoechoic renal mass
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cyst
lymphoma RCC infection infarct contusion/hematoma |
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Hyperechoic renal mass
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RCC
hyperdense cyst AML focal XGP hematoma infarct pyelo |
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Renal "microlithiasis"
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PCP
CMV MAI |
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Diffuse renal enlargement
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infiltrating tumor
HIV ADKD glycogen storage pyelo XGP RVT glomerulonephritis ATN ACN |
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Unilateral renal enlargement
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RVT
arterial occlusion pyelo obstruction duplicated system compensatory hypertrophy |
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Ureter wall calcification
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amyloid
TB schisto malacoplakia |
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Ureter and bladder wall calcification
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amyloid
TB schisto |
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Benign bladder tumors
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leiomyoma
hemangioma neurofibroma endometriosis pheo |
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Bladder outlet obstruction - adult
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BPH
tumor (TCC, prostate) stone ureterocele urethral stricture neurogenic |
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Bladder outlet obstruction - child
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PUV
ureterocele urethral stricture prune belly megacystis microcolon |
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Bladder wall calcification
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TB
schisto amyloid rarely TCC alk encrust cystitis cysclophosphamide cystitis XRT |
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Small bladder capacity
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neurogenic
XRT cyclophosphamide alkaline encrustation cystitis interstitial cystitis TB schisto cystitis cystica |
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Para prostatic cysts
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midline: prostatic utricle
paramedian: muellerian duct, ejac duct, BPH cyst lateral: sem ves cyst, retention cyst |
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T2 hypointensity peripheral zone (hypoechoic prostate nodule is same diff dx)
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cancer
BPH prostatitis hemorrhage after biopsy |
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Hypoechoic testicular mass
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tumor
mets epididymo-orchitis infarct abscess hematoma adrenal rests |
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Intratesticular cyst
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simple
dilated rete testes tunica cyst cystic teratoma echinococcus neoplasm |
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Extratesticular mass
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epididymitis
spermatocele epididymal cyst hydrocele pyocele hematocele varicocele hernia adenomatoid tumor |
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Scrotal and testicular Ca+
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old hematoma
granulomatous disease old infection microlithiasis old infarct epidermoid cyst testicular tumor and burned out tumor scrotal pearls (extratesticular) |
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Bright T1W adnexal mass
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teratoma/dermoid
hemorrhagic cyst endometrioma lipoma liposarcoma |
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Myometrial mass on MRI
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fibroid
focal adenomyosis polyp endometrial cancer |
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Uterine fluid collection
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menses
pregnancy endometritis/PID endometrial cancer cervical cancer XRT fibroids cervical stenosis hydrometrocolpos (congenital stenosis) |
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Female GU Ca+
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fibroid
dermoid cystadenoma cystadenocarcinoma TB salpingitis lithopedion chronic ovarian torsion |
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Thick endometrial stripe
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endometrial cancer
polyps hyperplasia tamoxifen |
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Uterine/vaginal cysts
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hyperplasia
adenomyosis GTD gardners (upper, anterolateral) Bartholins (labia, posterolateral) Nabothian hydrometrocolpos |
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Adnexal mass
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functional cyst
hemorrhagic cyst endometrioma ectopic pregnancy TOA neoplasm teratoma PCOS torsion hydrosalpinx pedunculated fibroid |
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Hydrosalpinx
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PID/salpingitis
TB tubal ligation endometriosis tubal adenomyosis tumor (fallopian) |
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HSG diverticula
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isthmus (SIN)
uterus (adenomyosis) |
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Urethral tic
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syringocele
diverticulum anterior valve tumor trauma infection (TB, Gono) |
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Urethral stricture
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infection
instrumentation trauma tumor BXO |
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Retroperitoneal tumors
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lymphoma
mets (testicular, mets) teratoma/germ cell tumor sarcoma neural (pheo, ganglioneuroma, etc) nodes (TB, MAI) |
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Low attenuation retroperitoneal lymph nodes
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testicular cancer (teratocarcinoma)
epidermoid carcinoma lymphoma leiomyosarcoma whipples MAI |
