Radiology Of The Female Reproductive Tract

Front 1

what is the primary modality for studying the female reproductive tract?

Back 1

ultrasound with the use of transabdominal and transvaginal techniques

Front 2

what are CT and MRI used for in regards to the observation of the reproductive system?

Back 2

these are used to stage and follow up pelvic malignancies and to supplement ultrasound in characterization of lesions

Front 3

what is hysterosalpingography used for?

Back 3

HSG is used in conjunction with other modalities to diagnose congenital anomalies and mechanical causes of infertility

Front 4

what is the alternative to HSG?

Back 4

hysterosonography

Front 5

high frequency transducers are used for___

Back 5

endoluminal applications, examination of superficial structures, e.g. thyroid, breast, and testes, and of infants, children, and small adults.

Front 6

low frequency transducers are used for___

Back 6

most abdominal, pelvic, and obstetric applications.

Front 7

visualization of anatomic structures by ultrasound is severely limited by___

Back 7

bone and gas containing structures such as bowel and the lungs

Front 8

define acoustic shadowing

Back 8

Acoustic shadows are produced by bone, metallic objects, gas bubbles, gallstones, and urinary tract stones. It aids in the identification of all types of calculi.

Front 9

define ring down or comet tail artifact

Back 9

A pattern of tapering bright echoes trailing from small bright reflectors such as air bubbles and cholesterol crystals.

Front 10

what does the ring down/ comet tail artifact result from?

Back 10

The artifact may result from vibrations of the reflector or multiple short path reverberations.

Front 11

which type of transducers allow good visualization of the uterus and ovaries?

Back 11

endovaginal transducers

Front 12

what type of transducers allow good visualization of the prostate gland?

Back 12

endorectal transducers

Front 13

what method is useful in first trimester of pregnancy and in demonstrating fetal anatomic structures deep in pelvis?

Back 13

transvaginal sonography

Front 14

when is the suitable time for an ultrasound scan of a fetus?

Back 14

18-20 weeks

Front 15

describe the reasons for obstetric ultrasound?

Back 15

Better gestational age/fetal size assessment
Earlier detection of multiple pregnancies
Detection of clinically unsuspected fetal anomalies which may influence obstetric management.
Early exclusion of placenta previa
Reduction in parental anxiety and increase in compliance with recommendations of health care providers.