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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is pattern recognition? Why is it useful?
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Identification of different
varieties (or patterns) of radiographic abnormality-> generating a useful list of diagnostic possibilities for the patient’s illness. |
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What is the basic structural unit that aids in pattern recognation?
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Secondary pulmonary lobule
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What 2 large categories is the lung divided into?
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air spaces and interstitium.
- dx processes are divided into air space & interstitial dx |
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What are 5 characteristics of air space dxs?
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1. Lobar/segmental distribution
2. Poor Margination 3. Coalescence 4. Air bronchogram/air alveologram 5. Butterfly or batwing pattern |
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What is Lobar/segmental distribution?
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- Air space dx characteristic
- large process of lung opacified->majority of volume involved->majority of lobules involved |
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What is Poor Margination?
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Both normal and abnormal lung are superimposed on one another, also contributing to the ill-defined margins to the
process. |
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What is Coalescence?
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- Air space processes tend to begin in an area, then expand, filling neighboring
alveolar spaces with the disease process. - pores of Kohn, Canals of Lambert, conducting airways all are passages |
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What is Air bronchogram/air alveologram?
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Bronchi & bronchioles are surrounded by fluid filled alveoli-> rounded lucencies
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What is Butterfly or Batwing pattern?
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Tendency of some air space
processes (mainly edema) to cause opacity in the perihilar regions (larger central distribution, less peripherally) |
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What are interstitial dx characteristics? (5)
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1. Kerley's Line
2. Honeycombing 3. Peribronchial/perivascular thickening 4. Hilar haze 5. Subpleural edema |
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What is Kerley's line?
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Linear densities on the chest radiograph result from fluid or other pathologic
process within the interlobular septae. |
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What is Honeycombing?
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- Pulmonary destruction from interstitial fibrosis.
- appearance of a white ring with lucent center |
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What is Peribronchial/perivascular thickening?
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Any accumulation of fluid or other pathologic process in the axial connective tissue sheaths will "silhouette" the
margins of these structures, making them hazy and ill defined. |
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What is Hilar haze?
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Poor definition of the central pulmonary vessels
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What is Subpleural Edema?
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Accumulation of fluid or other pathologic process deep to the visceral pleural surface-analogous to a gigantic Kerley’s line.
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What account for the majority of nodular patterns?
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primary or metastatic malignancy and granulomatous
processes (infectious and non-infectious) will account for the vast majority of the nodular patterns seen on chest films. |
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Which nodules are sharply defined?
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Metastic nodules except for hypervascular lesions
Granulomatous infections (esp chronic form) |
