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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
5 ways to describe a fracture
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1. closed vs open
2. simple vs comminuted 3. Extraarticular vs intraarticular 4. Path of fracture line 5. Position of fracture |
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Some different ways to describe path of fracture line
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- transverse, oblique, spiral, longitudinal
- angulation: degree of ang deformity created by # - displacement: separation of fragments - impaction: fragements driven together - foreshortening: overlap of fragments |
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Fractures in Children
1. plastic bowing 2. Torus # 3. Greenstick # 4. Salfter-Harris # |
1. bend rather than break - caused by pathology
2. compression, slight bubble in bone, axial compression 3. Only break on 1 side of cortex 4. Slipped, Above, Lower, Through, Ruined - intraarticular |
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Positioning of Cervical Spine
1. AP 2. Lateral 3. Odontoid |
1. AP - supine or erect w/ chin up if possible, aimed at level of C4
2. Lateral - supine or erect w/ chin up if possible, aimed at level of C4 to the left side 3. Supine or erect, CR aimed at centre of open mouth |
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Positioning of Lumbar Spine
1. AP 2. Lateral and L5-S1 |
1. AP - supine w/ knees flexed to open up disc spaces, may be erect if a WB view is needed, CR aimed at L4
2. Lateral - lateral recumbent, knees flexed, CR aimed at L4 3. L5-S1 - lateral recumbent, knees flexed, CR aimed 4cm inferior to iliac crest and 5cm posterior to ASIS |
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ABCS of Cervical Spine
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A - anterior, middle, posterior columns --> 2/3 = unstable
B - alignment of bones on top of each other C - cartilage height, roughly same in Cx spine S - tissue in front C4 = 1/4 VB, C7 = 1 VB |
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Pathomechanics of Cx Spine Trauma (5)
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- Axial compression
- flexion*** - extension - distraction - rotation |
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Jefferson Fracture
- where? - MOI? - View/ position? |
- where: C1
- MOI: --> blow to top of head forcing C1 lateral massess laterally, splits bony ring and tears transverse ligament, rings break in several places --> bilateral displacement >2mm --> unstable if >7mm --> 1-2mm or unilateral can be due to rotational F - View: odontoid - patient erect or supine w/ mouth open, CR pointed into centre of mouth |
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Odontoid Fractures
- Classification - MOI |
Type 1: upper parts of dens, rare, potentially unstable
Type 2: base of dens, unstable Type 3: base extending into body, unstable, best prognosis for healing MOI: FLEXION or extension Where: C2 |
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Hangman's Fracture
- MOI - Position of fracture |
MOI: hyperexstension and distraction - chin on dashboard, hanging
Where is fracture: C2, pars interarticularis/ pedicle/ both |
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Cx Spine Facet Joint Dislocations
- MOI - Description of dislocation - X-ray |
MOI: hyperflexion w/o compression, unstable
Description: subluxed, perched, locked X-ray: disruption of parallel lines, anterior displacement of body = >50% |
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Cx Spine Anterior subluxation
- MOI - X-ray |
MOI: hyperflexion
Characteristics: localised kyphosis, widened interspinous distance, posterior disc space widening, facet joint subluxation, better seen on F/E views |
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Avulsion Fracture/ Clay-Shoveller's Fracture
- Characteristics of # - MOI: |
Characteristics: fractuers of spinous procecces
MOI: flexion + rotation of body |
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Anterior Wedge Compression #
- characteristics - MOI |
- characteristics: loss of vertebral body height, large disc space,
MOI: caused by hyperflexion, assoc w/ Osteoporosis |