Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Causes of hypercalcaemia
|
SHAMPOO DIRT
Sarcoidosis Hyperparathydroism, Hyperthyroidism Alkali-milk syndrome Metastases, Myeloma Paget disease Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteopetrosis D Vitamin intoxication Immobility Renal tubular acidosis Thiazides |
|
|
Causes of polycythaemia
|
A. RENAL
a. intrarenal - vascular impairment - renal cell carinoma (5%) - Wilms tumour - Benign fibroma - Simple cyst (14%) - Polycystic kidney disease b. post-renal - obstructive uropathy (14%) B. EXTRARENAL a. liver disease - hepatoma - regenerating hepatic cells b. adrenal disease - phaeochromocytoma - aldosteronoma - Cushing's disease C. CNS DISEASE - cerebellar haemagioblastoma D. Large Urterine myomas (NOT renal vein thrombosis, multicystic dysplastic kidney, medullary sponge kindey) |
|
|
Male infertility
|
A. CONGENITAL
a. Wolfian duct anamolies - renal agenesis/atrophy - vas deferens agenesis/cyst - seminal vesicle agenesis/cyst - ejaculatory duct cyst b. Mullerian duct anaomalies - mullerian duct cyst - utricle cyst B. ACQUIRED - cowper duct cyst - prostatic cyst in peripheral zone C. INFECTIOUS - prostatitis D. HORMONAL (semen low in volume, acid pH, without fructose) - seminal vesicle atrophy (<7mm width) - seminal vesicle hypoplasia (<11mm + >7mm width) |
|
|
Large prostatic utricle
|
1. prune belly syndone
2. imperforate anus of high type 3. Down syndrome 4. Hypospadias 5. Posterior urethral valves |
|
|
Prostatic cysts
|
1. Mullerian duct cyst
2. Utricle cyst 3. Ejaculatory duct cyst 4. Cystic degeneration of BPH 5. Retention cyst 6. Cavitary/diverticular prostatitis 7. Prostatic abscess 8. Paracitis cyst 9. Cystic carcinoma |
|
|
Hypoechoic lesion of prostate
|
1. Adenocarcinoma
2. BPH 3. Normal tissue 4. Acute/chronic prostatitis 5. Granulomatous prostatitis 6. Atrophy 7. Prostatic dysplasia |
