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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between latent TB and active TB?
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Latent TB occurs when a person has been exposed to the bacteria but is not showing any symptoms, because macrophages destroy it before it can replicate itself. Active TB occurs when a person is showing symptoms due to the macrophages not being able to destroy the bacteria fast enough, therefore the bacteria is able to replicate itself and be seen in the lungs as cavities. |
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How is TB spread?
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TB is spread most commonly by person to person through the air (someone coughing while another breaths in the bacteria into the lungs). Other ways it is spread is by sharing food or drink and touching common surfaces of someone who has the bacteria? |
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How can you protect yourself from contracting TB? |
You can create space between you and someone who has the bacteria, try to ventilate the room by opening windows and doors, use fans to help dilute the air, and use an air purifier to help trap the smaller bacteria. |
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How can you prevent someone from getting TB if you currently are infected with it?
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You can do medical treatments (DOT - daily observed treatment), be isolated from anyone 4 years or younger (especially at night), and wear a surgical mask which help trap the larger bacteria. |
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What is considered a bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite that is harmful to the host?
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Pathogen |
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What is the name for the place where a pathogen thrives: human, food, or non-sterile equipment?
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Reservoir |
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What is the term for the route in which a pathogen exits the body, allowing them to be transmitted to another host: mouth, nose, or anus?
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Portal of Exit
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What is the term for the route in which a pathogen enters the body, allowing them to invade the host: penetration, direct contact, inhalation, or ingestion?
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Portal of Entry |
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What is the term for how a pathogen transports itself from one host to another: direct contract, traveling through the air, or contamination? |
Mode of Transmission |
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What is an organism that harbors a pathogen and a person's age, health, and immunity greatly determines whether the pathogen will be able to survive or not? |
Host |
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What are five ways to prevent the transmission of pathogens? |
2. Keep away if sick 3. Barriers (mask, gloves, and gown) 4. Immunization 5. Protect the site of an injury or open wound |
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What are five barriers used to protect ones self from pathogens?
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2. Mask (N95) 3. Protective eyewear 4. Gowns 5. Dispensable coverings |
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What does PPE stand for?
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Personal Protective Equipment |
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What are four examples of when you should wear gloves? |
2. Handling equipment in the examination room 3. Handing chemicals 4. Cleaning up spills |
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What are the four steps involved in putting on PPE?
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2. Mask 3. Goggles/Face shield 4. Gloves |
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What are the four steps involved in removing PPE?
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2. Goggles/Face shield 3. Gown 4. Mask |
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What are some examples of where radiation is used in the healthcare system?
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Hospitals, dentist offices, mammography, radiation therapy, CT, and cath lab |
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True/False: MRI and Ultrasound also use radiation.
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False |
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What does ALARA stand for?
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As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
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What are seven ways to minimize radiation exposure?
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2. Use a dosimeter to track radiation exposure 3. Minimize the time you are exposed 4. Keep a good distance from radiation 5. Stand behind lead shields 6. Wear protective equipment (lead aprons) 7. Evacuate area if radioactive danger occurs |
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What are three examples of blood borne pathogens? |
2. HCV 3. HIV |
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What is any material in use that is considered dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or environment: cleaning solutions and chemicals? |
Hazardous materials |
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What is any material that is no longer in use that represents a threat to our health or environment: sharps?
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Hazardous waste |
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What does MSDS stand for and is a document that contains information on potential hazards and how to work safely with the chemical product?
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Material Data Safety Sheet |
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What are the six steps (in order) for a chain of infection to occur?
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Reservoir Portal of Exit Mode of Transmission Portal of Entry Host |
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What type of isolation precaution is used for ALL patients regardless of their diagnosis or infection status?
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Standard precautions |
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What type of isolation precaution is used for patients with known diseases or illnesses: include airborne precautions, droplet precautions, and contact precautions? |
Transmission based precautions |
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What is one of the number one rules for the ARRT/ASRT Code of Ethics?
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The radiologic technologist never lets the patient know what we have found on the x-ray image (no diagnosing), because that is outside their scope of practice and is for the physician only.
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What is the term for the way you behave and communicate among people from different ethnic backgrounds?
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Cultural diversity |
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What are five examples of cultural diversity differences? |
2. Attitude 3. Beliefs 4. Gender differences 5. Status |
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What are four tips someone can use when communicating with people from a different culture? |
1. Use observation skills (mirror their body language) 2. Appreciate differences (what may insult them) 3. Communicate with their personal values and beliefs not necessarily where they came from 4. Be patient (respect their differences) |
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What does PHI stand for? |
Protected Health Information (SSN, DOB) |
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What does ARRT stand for? |
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists |
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What does ASRT stand for? |
American Society of Radiologic Technologists |
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Who will issue a student with demerits?
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Clinical instructor |
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True/False: You should ALWAYS document which tech you have worked with. |
True |
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True/False: You don't ALWAYS have to let your tech know where you are going. |
False |
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How long should you wash your hands for?
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15 seconds |
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What does CDC stand for?
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Center for Disease Control |
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In the radiographic room, where do you select your technical factors, like the body part or exposure facts you are working with? |
Control panel |
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In the radiographic room, what measures how much x-ray energy will actually leave the tube, giving the radiation dose to the patient? |
mA (milliamperage) |
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If the mA is high, then will the dose of radiation be higher or lower?
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Higher |
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What controls the radiographic density/brightness of an image? |
mA |
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In the radiographic room, what control the penetrating power of the x-ray beam, controlling the contrast of an image?
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kVp (kilovoltage peak) |
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If too little kVp is used, will it be able to penetrate through the body part? |
No |
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True/False: All anatomical areas of the body will use the same kVp?
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False |
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If you have a high contrast in an image was there a high or low kVp used, only shows bones? |
Low
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If you have a low contrast in an image was there a high or low kVp used, shows tissues and matter?
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High |
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In the radiographic room, what is measured in milliseconds or fractions of seconds, controlling the amount of time the x-ray machine is on?
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Exposure time |
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True/False: We always try to select the shortest amount of exposure time to avoid motion causing the image to become blurry. |
True |
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What are the three things found on the control panel in the radiographic room? |
2. kVp 3. Exposure time |
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What does SID stand for?
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Source to Image Receptor Distance |
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What are the two measurements used for SID? |
40" and 72" |
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Which SID would you use for a patient who is on the table? |
40" |
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In SID what would the source typically be?
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X-ray tube |
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In SID what would the image receptor typically be? |
Cassette or imaging plate |
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What term is often used interchangeably with a film cassette, cassette, or imaging plate? |
Image receptor (IR) |
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Is the flat panel detector used in DR or CR?
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DR |
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Would a hand x-ray use CR or DR?
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CR |
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What is a feature of an imaging system that determines the length of an exposure depending on the anatomy of the patient, and it is also automatic detecting the radiation leaving the patient so that when enough exposure is released it will shut off so further exposure doesn't occur; three squares found on the chest board?
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Photo-timer |
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What type of technique refers to setting a radiographic technique without using the timer?
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Manual technique |
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What is also known as a chest stand or an upright bucky that is used for exams that are completed in an upright manner, like chest x-rays? |
Wall stand |
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What is the name for the tray where we place the IR, one would be located in the wall stand and one in the table? |
Bucky |
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What locks the x-ray tube into the correct position with either the wall bucky or table bucky?
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Detent |
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What is the term for the mobile x-ray equipment that can be taken to patient's rooms to provide imaging without having to bring them to the department?
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Portable x-ray unit |
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What is the term for the mobile x-ray unit used in various surgeries? |
C-arm |
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What is the term for the dedicated x-ray room in which real time images are obtained with a live x-ray camera? |
Fluoroscopic unit |
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What is a physician who is also an imaging expert with specialized training in obtaining and interpreting medical images obtained by using x-rays or radioactive substances (nuclear medicine), or even by other means such as sound waves (ultrasound) or the body's natural magnetism (MRI)?
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Radiologist |
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True/False: The oxygen unit in the radiographic room should be the same as the person who is currently hooked up to oxygen?
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True |
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What initiates the exposure?
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Exposure switch
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Where should you stand during a fluoroscopy? |
Behind the radiologist |
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Where should you stand during a normal x-ray?
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Behind the lead shield |
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True/False: You should ALWAYS where a lead apron during portables. |
True |
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What is the term for when you make the x-ray beam smaller or bigger (making the light smaller or bigger) when you turn the knobs on the collimator box?
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Collimating |
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True/False: It is not important to ask anyone who is of childbearing age if they may be pregnant before an x-ray. |
False: If they are under the age of 18 and a parent is present ask the parent to step out of the room for the exam or discretely ask the patient if she may be pregnant. |
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Where do you shield a patient?
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The shield must go between the x-ray tube and the patient |
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How many continuing education credits must be obtained every two years to keep your certification?
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24 |
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What are three examples of professionalism? |
2. Treats every patient with respect and care 3. Admits mistakes and takes ownership |
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How will our 15 week rotations be split up? |
3 - Fluoroscopy 2 - Intravenous Pyelography 2 - Surgery 1 - Office 1 - PACS |
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How many hours must you practice for each lab that is taught?
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1 |
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How many competencies are to be completed in the Fall? |
9 |
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How many rechecks can your CI have you perform in the Fall?
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3 |
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What type of supervision occurs when the radiologic technologist must be present in the exam room while the student is performing an exam? |
Direct supervision |
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What type of supervision occurs when a radiologic technologist must be in the vicinity of the exam room and must be available for immediate assistance to the student? |
Indirect supervision |
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What is the proper way to store a lead apron?
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Hang it back up or lay it flat, never let it crease and fold because that could put holes in the lead |
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What does PACS stand for?
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Picture Archiving and Communication System |
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What does HIPAA stand for?
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
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What is the difference between CR and DR?
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DR is faster, creates a better quality image, and does not use a film and instead uses a flat plate detector. CR is slower and less precise, resulting in more radiation to get the same quality image as DR, and uses a film or an image receptor. |
