Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
A radiation response that occurs within minutes or days after the radiation exposure:
|
Early effect of radiation.
|
|
|
A radiation response that occurse months or years after the radiation exposure:
|
Late effect of radiation.
|
|
|
The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on biologic tissue:
|
Radiobiology.
|
|
|
What are the 4 most abundant atomic components of the body? And their percentages in the body?
|
Hydrogen 60%
Oxygen 25.7% Carbon 10.7% Nitrogen 2.4% |
|
|
What are the 5 molecular components of the body? And their percentages?
|
Water 80%
Protein 15% Lipids 2% Carbohydrates 1% Nucleic acid 1% |
|
|
What are the 3 principal classes of organic molecules?
|
Proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.
|
|
|
What type of molecule is life supporting and contains carbon?
|
An organic molecule.
|
|
|
What type of molecule is the most critical and radiosensitive?
|
Nucleic acids that makes up DNA.
|
|
|
What are the 2 types of metabolism and what does each do?
|
Catabolism - the breaking down of macromolecules into smaller units.
Anabolism - the production of large molecules from small ones. |
|
|
What is a protein and what are they composed of?
|
They are long chains of macromolecules in a linear sequence consisting of amino acids connected by peptide bonds.
|
|
|
What is protein synthesis?
|
The metabolic production of proteins.
|
|
|
How many amino acids are used in protein synthesis?
|
22.
|
|
|
Name 3 important things that proteins can function as:
|
Enzymes, horomones and antibodies.
|
|
|
What type of molecules allow biochemical reactions to continue although they do not enter the reaction?
|
Enzymes.
|
|
|
What type of molecules excercises regulatory control over some body functions such as growth and development?
|
Horomones.
|
|
|
What type of molecule constitutes a primary defense mechanism against infection and disease?
|
Antibodies.
|
|
|
What are lipids composed of?
|
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
|
|
|
What are the names of the 2 types of smaller molecules that lipids are composed of?
|
Glycerol and fatty acid.
|
|
|
How is the lipid molecule divided amongst its 2 subcomponents?
|
Each lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.
|
|
|
What are carbohydrates composed of?
|
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
|
|
|
What is another name for a carbohydrate?
|
A saccharide.
|
|
|
Name the 2 types of sugars:
|
Monosaccharides and disaccharides.
|
|
|
What are polysaccharides?
|
Large carbohydrates including plant starches and animal glycogen.
|
|
|
What is the ultimate molecule that fuels the body?
|
Glucose.
|
|
|
What are the 2 principal types of nucleic acids?
|
DNA and RNA.
|
|
|
The act of a single cell or a group of cells to reproduce and multiply in number is called?
|
Cell proliferation.
|
|
|
What are the 2 general types of cells in the human body?
|
Somatic cells and genetic cells.
|
|
|
What is the proliferation called for each type of body cell?
|
Somatic cells proliferate by mitosis and genetic cells by meiosis.
|
|
|
What are the 4 sub phases of mitosis?
|
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
|
|
|
During what phase of mitosis is radiation induced chromosome damage analyzed?
|
During metaphase.
|
|
|
What are some other names for stem cells?
|
Immature cells, undifferentiated cells or precursor cells.
|
|
|
Are stem cells more or less sensitive to radiation than mature cells?
|
More sensitive.
|
|
|
DNA contains the hereditary information of the what?
|
The cell.
|
|
|
DNA of a genetic cell contains the hereditary information of the what?
|
The whole individual.
|
