Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The effect of x rays on human is the result of interactions at the ____
|
atomic level
|
|
|
1. The human body is predominately composed of:
a. water b. carbohydrates c. proteins d. nucleic acids |
a. water
|
|
|
2. Radiation induced abnormalities may be assessed during which phase of the cell cycle?
a. prophase b. metaphase c. anaphase d. telophase |
b. metaphase
|
|
|
3. Which of the following is not considered a somatic cell?
a. red blood cell b. neuron c. oocyte d. connective tissue |
c. oocyte (egg cells) sex cells
|
|
|
4. Which of the following tissues is most radiation resistant (or less radiosensitive)?
a. nervous b. cartilage c. lymphoid d. skin |
a. nervous
|
|
|
5. Which of the following blood cell types is most sensitive to radiation exposure?
a. red blood cells b. platelets c. neutrophils d. lymphocytes |
d. lymphocytes
|
|
|
Why should bone marrow be shielded during imaging studies?
|
Bone marrow is highly sensitive to radiation.
|
|
|
. All the hereditary information about an individual is contained in the ______ cells.
a. germ b. brain c. blood d. skin |
a. germ
|
|
|
28. Which of the following is least radiosensitive?
a. undifferentiated b. precursor c. stem d. mature |
d. mature
A,B and C are all the same thing |
|
|
27. _____ is the primary concern of late effects of radiation on humans.
a.shortening of life span b.central nervous system syndrome c.genetic damage d.cancer/leukemia |
d.cancer/leukemia
|
|
|
The irradiation of lymphocytes is of primary concern due to possible compromise of:
a.the immune system b.the urinary system c.the nervous system d.the digestive system |
a.the immune system
|
|
|
Which response to radiation would be considered a late effect?
a. CNS syndrome b. eye damage (cataracts) c. GI syndrome d. hematologic depression |
b. eye damage
|
|
|
What response to radiation was often seen in the pioneers of radiation science?
a. erythema b. congenital malformation c. diminished growth d. neonatal death |
a. erythema - skin burns
|
|
|
constancy has to do with
|
Homeostasis
|
|
|
codon has to do with
|
Sequence of base pairs
|
|
|
Parenchyma is
|
functioning tissue
|
|
|
Most radiation injury is repairable. The protein involved in repair and recovery is/are:
a.hormones b.enzymes c.antibodies d.antigen |
b.enzymes
|
|
|
Somatic cells are specific to:
a. the individual b. the offspring of the individual |
a. the individual
|
|
|
Which division process is associated with somatic cells?
a.meiosis b.mitosis |
b.mitosis
|
|
|
Which of the following relates to the radiosensitivity of organs?
a. the function of the organ in the body b. the rate at which cells mature in the organ c. the inherent radiosensitivity of the cell d. all of the above |
d. all of the above
|
|
|
Hormesis suggests ____
|
a little radiation is good for you
|
|
|
The breaking down of macromolecules into water and carbon dioxide is:
a. anabolism b. catabolism c. metabolism d. homeostasis |
b. catabolism
|
|
|
Exposures as low as ___ rads will produce a response in highly radiosensitive tissues such as lymphoid tissue.
a. 2 b. 20 c. 200 d. 2000 |
c. 200
|
|
|
___ is considered to be the most critical and radiosensitive target molecule.
a. RNA b. DNA c. tRNA d. mRNA |
b. DNA
|
|
|
Which is more radiosensitive?
A. oocytes B. spermatogonia |
B. spermatogonia
|
|
|
The characteristic of radiation which contributes to radiation responses in the body is:
a. claudication b. defecation c. ionization d sterilization |
c. ionization
|
|
|
The production of large molecules from small___
|
anabolism
|
|
|
Approximately __ % of the molecular composition of the body is protein.
|
15%
80% water 15% protein 2% lipids 1% carbohydrates 1% nucleic acid 1% other |
|
|
Immediate effects of radiation
|
1. death
2. organ dysfunction 3. tissue damage |
|
|
Leukocytes are created in
|
bone
|
|
|
Lymphocytes are produced in
|
lymphatic tissue
|
|
|
Carbohydrates are also called ___
|
saccharides
|
|
|
The pituitary , adrenal , thyroid , parathyroid , pancreas and gonads are all examples of ______ _______
|
endocrine glands
|
|
|
An invasive or infectious agent is called ____
|
an antigen
|
|
|
Molecules that exercise regulatory control are _____
|
hormones
|
|
|
Most of the RNA is contained in a round structure called the _______
|
Nucleolus
|
|
|
The _____ _______ is a channel or a series of channels that allows the nucleus to communicate with the cytoplasm.
|
Endoplasmic reticulum
|
|
|
This is sometimes called the engine of the cell.
|
Mitochondria
|
|
|
Human cells can be killed with a dose of less than _____
|
100 rad (1 Gy<t>)
|
|
|
Which phase of mitosis is the period of growth ?
|
Interphase
|
|
|
During ____ , the nucleus swells and the DNA becomes more prominent and begins to take structural form.
|
Prophase
|
|
|
During ___ phase the chromosome is transformed from having 2 chromatids to having 4 chromatids attached to a centromere
|
S
|
|
|
Genetic cells begin either the same number of chromosomes as somatic cell -- ____ pairs
|
23 pairs (46 chromosomes)
|
